Bovine%20tuberculosis%20in%20the%20Czech%20Republic

1
Bovine tuberculosis in the Czech Republic
Ivo Pavlik
Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech
Republic
2
400 th. cows 80 th. sheep 20 th.
goats 18 th. horses
Czech Republic
Brno
10 mil. inhabitants, 78 th. km2
3
Tuberculins used in the Czech Republic since
1.1.2002

• BOVITUBAL M. bovis AN5 28 000 TU/ml (0.1 ml)
• AVITUBAL M. a. avium D4, ER (IS901)
• comparative test 28 000 TU/ml
  (0.1 ml)
• single test in birds 28 000
  TU/ml (0.1 ml)

Since 1.1.2005 skin test is used only by before
the transportation of animals
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241-250.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-241.pdf
4
Skin testing of cattle with bovine tuberculin in
the Czech Republic (19921999)
No. of tested animals
2.24 mil
2 500 000
1.87
1.63
2 000 000
1.54
1.39
1 500 000
9.35
7.12
1 000 000
4.69
500 000
0
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1997
1999
Year
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241-250.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-241.pdf
5
Positive reactors with bovine tuberculin in the
Czech Republic (19921999)
No. of positive animals
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Year
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241-250.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-241.pdf
6
Skin testing of cattle with avian tuberculin in
the Czech Republic (19911999)
No. of tested animals
160 000
140 000
120 000
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Year
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241-250.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-241.pdf
7
Positive reactors with avian tuberculin in the
Czech Republic (19911999)
No. of positive animals
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Year
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241-250.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-241.pdf
8
Occurrence of bovine tuberculosis in other animals
than cattle in the Czech Republic (1970-1999)
45
40
35
Other animals than cattle
30
ZOO animals
25
20
No. of animals
15
10
5
0
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 1998, 221-231.
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
1970
1972
Years
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122-131.
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2003, 113-125.
9
Origin of other animals than cattle infected by
bovine
tuberculosis in the Czech Republic (1975-2003)
1
2.4
ZOO animals
12
Wild animals
29.3
- Wild nature
- Game park
- Deer farm
25
61.0
Animals in small herds
7.3
Animal in circus
3
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 1998, 221-231.
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122-131.
10
M. bovis in zoo animals in the Czech R.
(1975-2003)
No.
Species
ZOO
Year
of animals
Jeopard
3
A
1975, 1980
Orang-utan
1
B
1975
Antelope
2
C
1975
1
A
1983
Abyssinian Guareza
1
B
1977
Tyger
1
A
1978
Chimpanzee
1
C
1979
European deer
2
B
1979
Wolf
2
A
1980, 1981
Capybara
1
D
1989
Tapir
2
D
1987
3
E
1994, 1995
Cassowary
1
F
1994
Bison
1
B
1993
Red deer
1
G
1999
Bactrian camel
2
B
2002
Total
25
7
11
Occurrence of bovine tuberculosis in other animals
than cattle in the Czech Republic (1970-1999)
10
9
Other animals
8
ZOO animals
7
6
5
No. of animals
4
3
2
1
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
0
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 1998, 221-231.
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122-131.
12
Isolation of M. bovis from other animals besides
cattle and zoo animals in the Czech R. (1975-1999)
Species
No. of
Year
animals
farmers
Domestic horse
1
1
1976
Domestic pig
9
5
1977, 1978,
1979, 1995
European deer
1991
1
1 (wild nature)
1
1999
1 (deer farm)
Mink
2
1 (wild nature)
1979
Wild goat
1
- (wild nature)
1991
Camel
1
1 (circus)
1993
Total
16
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122-131.
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 1998, 221-231.
13
Infected deer farm with M. caprae in the Czech
Republic in 1999
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122-131.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-5-122.pdf
14
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122-131.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-5-122.pdf
15
Kapybara
16
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122-131.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-5-122.pdf
17
One farmed red deer infected with M. caprae in
the Czech Republic in 1999
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122-131.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-5-122.pdf
18
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122-131.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-5-122.pdf
19
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 181-194.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-7-181.pdf
20
Occurrence of M. bovis spoligotypes from 1965-2002
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 181-194.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-7-181.pdf
1965
1966
1974
1989
1991
1992
1994
1995
1997
1999
2002
S
1
S
2
S
3
Type strain
S
4
S
5
S
6
S
7
M. bovis caprae
The most common type
Unique
21
Spoligotyping of M. bovis isolates from animals
(1989-2002)
S
1
S
3
S
5
S
M. bovis caprae
7
East Prague
Chomutov
(cattle - 1991)
(deer - 1991)
Prague
(deer - 1999)
(camel - 2002)
ŽDÁR n. S
(cattle - 1995)
Znojmo
Zlín
(cattle - 1994)
(capybara)
1989
Levica
(cattle - 1992)
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 181-194.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-7-181.pdf
22
The last infected cattle herd in the Czech
Republic was diagnosed in 1995
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251-263.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-251.pdf
23
First infected cow Big Red (14 years old)
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251-263.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-251.pdf
24
Spread of M. b. caprae in an infected farm
10
Cows
6
Heifers
7
Bulls
Calves
6

29
Total
M. b. caprae
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251-263.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-251.pdf
25
Slaughtered cattle in the Czech Republic
(1990-1999)
No. of animals
1.04 mil
1 200 000
0.99
0.94
1 000 000
0.81
0.70
800 000
0.61
0.59
0.58
0.53
0.47
600 000
400 000
200 000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Year
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241-250.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-241.pdf
26
Detection of tuberculous lesions in slaughtered
cattle in the Czech Republic (1990-1999)
of animals
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.010
0.000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Year
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241-250.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-241.pdf
27
Mycobacterial species isolated from tuberculous
lesions from cattle (19901999)
120
100
80
No. of isolates
60
40
20
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Other mycobacterial spp.
M. bovis
MAC
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241-250.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-241.pdf
28
Spoligotyping in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

PCR - oblast DR


hybridisatin
Dvorska et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 309-328.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/46-12-309.pdf
29
Spoligotypes of members of M. tuberculosis complex
Dvorska et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 309-328.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/46-12-309.pdf
30
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002,
181-194.http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-7-181.pdf

31
Occurrence of M. bovis spoligotypes from 1965-2002
1965
1966
1974
1989
1991
1992
1994
1995
1997
1999
2002
S
1
S
2
S
3
Type strain
S
4
S
5
S
6
S
7
M. caprae
The most common type
Unique
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002,
181-194.http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-7-181.pdf

32
Ocurrence of M. capraein Central Europe
Erler et al., J. Clin. Microbiol., 2004, 42,
2234-2238.
33
Spoligotyping of M. bovis isolates from animals
(1989 - 2002)
S
1
S
3
S
5
S
M. caprae
7
East Prague
Chomutov
(cattle - 1991)
(deer - 1991)
Prague
(deer - 1999)
(camel - 2002)
ŽDÁR n. S
(cattle - 1995)
Znojmo
Zlín
(cattle - 1994)
(capybara)
1989
Levica
(cattle - 1992)
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002,
181-194.http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-7-181.pdf

34
The last infected cattle herd in the Czech
Republic was diagnosed in 1995
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251-263.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-251.pdf
35
First infected cow Big Red (14 years old)
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251-263.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-251.pdf
36
Spread of M. caprae in an infected farm
10
Cows
6
Heifers
7
Bulls
Calves
6

29
Total
M. caprae
Pavlik et al., Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251-263.
http//www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-9-251.pdf