James River Correctional Center Department of Agribusiness and Enterprises

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James River Correctional CenterDepartment of
Agribusiness and Enterprises
S.V. Pruett, Warden
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Grade A Dairy 305 Day Milk 30,872 pounds
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Milk Processing Plant 12,600 Gallons Processed
per Week
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Commercial cow-calf operation sire proving
program 1300 cross bred brood cow herd
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In Vessel ComposterJRCC State Farm, Virginia
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Beef Pastures

• Once cattle is taken off field, manure is spread
  across the fields with a pasture drag
• This incorporates the manure into the field for
  fertilization
• This procedure disturbs breeding sites of flies

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Why Recycle Food Waste?
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Why Compost Food Waste?

• Environmentally friendly food waste does not go
  into landfills
• Cost to remove waste from JRCC, JRWC, DMCC and
  PCC over 200,000 per year
• DOC pays by the pound to remove waste from
  facilities
• Food waste is the largest contributor to the
  dumpster from kitchen waste and inmate plate
  waste

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History of Composter

• Canadian technology Wright Environmental
  Management, Inc.
• 4 years for development, budgeting and
  construction phases
• JRCC is pilot program for DOC
• All DOC institutions will eventually have a
  composter on site

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• In Vessel composters can be found in New York DOC
  facilities
• 55 composters are located in Canada, the United
  Kingdom and USA
• The largest composter to date is located at Walt
  Disney world in Florida

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Costs

• Equipment cost was 175,000
• DOC total cost was 600,000 due to additional DEQ
  regulations and requirements
• Anticipated cost of next unit 300,000

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Construction

• Concrete pad with four drains
• DEQ required a total containment system
• There are no written regulations for In- Vessel
  composting additional precautions taken, which
  raised costs
• Environmental engineer hired on contract to
  address certain aspects of construction

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Wood Chips

• Made from dried crushed wood pallets
• Chips should be free of water, and kept dry at
  all times
• Size of chip is important too fine of a chip
  will clog conveyor

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Why Wood Chips?

• Wood gives off carbon energy source
• Microorganisms require 1 part nitrogen to 30
  parts carbon for growth and activity
• Oxygen 12 for aerobic conditions
• Final products of decomposition CO2, H2O, NH3,
  nitrates and cell biomass
• Keep the system aerobic faster decomposition,
  less smell, more heat

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Requirements of BugsFAT TOM

• F Food (Nutrients)
• A Acidity (pH neutral at 6-8)
• T Temperature (131 degrees F. )
• T Time (Minimum 72 hours)
• O Oxygen (Aeration)
• M Moisture (40-70)

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Operation of Composter

• One operator 2 inmates
• 5 days per week
• Unit is made of stainless steel
• Two cycles 14 or 28 days
• Unit holds 2000-4000 pounds of waste/day

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Procedure

• Food waste is saved in 62 gallon containers
• Food waste is mixed 60 wood/40 food, 55 - 65
  moisture by weight
• Mixture is dumped into hopper

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Challenges to Composting

• Water in waste containers must be limited to 60
  or less
• Food waste bins vary in composition of food types
  and water
• Excess water in food clogs the conveyor unit
• Non food trash placed into bins
• Training of food staff

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• Wood chips if too fine or wet can clog conveyor
  system. Chips often contain too much water, or
  are the wrong size
• Once clogged operator must climb into composter
  to unclog
• Shaker unit clogs chips hard to separate out
• Unit can freeze in winter
• Slight smell

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Aeration and Water Addition

• Water from the food is drained into the bottom of
  the unit, then pumped back up onto the food daily
• 7 days into cycle mixture is at center of unit.
  Spinners aerate mixture and add fresh water
• Water is also used to decrease temperatures if
  mixture gets too hot

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Bunker System

• 3 bunkers allow for rotation of mulch
• 1st bunker holds mulch for 30 days
• Transferred to 2nd and 3rd bunker after 30 day
  holding, and aerated
• Temperatures taken daily
• If temperature is within 20 degrees F. of outside
  temperature, then mulch is ready for use.
  Testing occurs.

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Monitoring

• Temperatures of mixture in composter taken daily
• Compost must maintain a temperature of 131
  degrees F. for a minimum of 72 hours
• Pathogen testing
• pH testing

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Validation of System

• Microbiological and pH tests are performed by DEQ
• Unannounced quarterly inspections completed by
  DEQ
• Licensing is required to operate unit
• Operator must be licensed

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Uses for Mulch

• Flower beds
• Mulch helps to keep weeds and bugs out of garden
• Mulch keeps dirt from packing which allows air to
  reach the plant root

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Use on Fields

• Spread 6 inches deep on fields
• Disc mulch into field dirt
• Can be used on crops for cattle such as barley,
  soybean and corn.

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PLEASE Recycle !
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