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TOXICOLOGY

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TOXICOLOGY. Trina Redford, Industrial Hygienist. National Naval Medical Center ... An innate characteristics of a chemical molecule. The potential to produce ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: TOXICOLOGY


1
TOXICOLOGY
  • Trina Redford, Industrial Hygienist
  • National Naval Medical Center
  • Naval Business Bldg 615, 2nd Fl.
  • Philadelphia, PA

2
Definition
  • An innate characteristics of a chemical
    molecule.
  • The potential to produce injury to living things.
  • The probability that injury will occur under the
    conditions and the manners in which the substance
    is to be used.

3
Dose- Response Relationship
  • The toxic potency of a chemical is defined by the
    relationship between the dose(the amount) of
    chemical and the response that is produced in a
    biological system.

4
Types of Exposures
  • Acute- (Short term)-A single measured exposure of
    a duration less than 24 hours.
  • Chronic (Long term)-Exposures are essentially
    for the lifetime of the species.
  • Subchronic-repeated exposures of less than a
    lifetime.

5
Dose Response Curve
6
Types of Effects
  • Local
  • Systemic
  • Cumulative
  • Poisoning

7
Types of Effects
  • Local-the site of action takes places at the
    point of contact. The site may be skin, mucous
    membrane of the eyes,nose, mouth, throat or
    anywhere the along the respiratory or
    gastrointestinal system.

8
Types of Effects
  • Systematic- When the toxic substance has been
    absorbed and distributed through the body.

9
Types of Effects
  • Cumulative Effects-Over period of time , the
    material is only partially excreted, the
    remaining quanties are gradually accumulated.
  • The retained toxic compounds accumulates and
    becomes great enough to cause pathological
    response.

10
Poisoning
  • Toxic substance is absorbed into the body and
    distributed through the body by means of blood
    stream.
  • Absorption reaches a point where it caused
    impairment of physiological function.

11
Factors Affecting Toxicity
  • Reserve Capacity
  • Storage
  • Age
  • State of Health
  • Previous Exposure
  • Environmental Factors
  • Host Factors

12
Routes of Entry
  • Percutaneous
  • Inhalation
  • Oral
  • Ocular

13
Catergories /Classification
  • Gases and Vapors
  • Aerosols
  • Pulmonary Irritants
  • Asphyxiants
  • Primary Anesthetics

14
Catergories/Classification
  • Hepatoxic Agents
  • Nephrotoxic Agents
  • Neurotoxic Agents
  • Agents attacting Hematopoietic System
  • Agents Damaging the Lungs
  • Carcinogens

15
Catergories /Classification
  • Mutagens
  • Teratogens
  • Sensitization

16
Mechanisms of Toxicity
17
Summary
  • Definition
  • Dose Response
  • Types of Exposure
  • Types of Effects
  • Factors Affecting Toxicity
  • Catergories/Classification
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