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Snow Sports Safety

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Wear a helmet but only snow sports helmet. Prepare for the ... Head injuries 17.6% of snow injuries in US ... Helmets should be approved for snow sports use ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Snow Sports Safety


1
Snow Sports Safety
  • Ben Constance, MS3
  • UW School of Medicine

2
Safety Topics
  • Patient Education
  • The Helmet Debate
  • Common Injuries
  • Patient Resources

3
Safety Tips from NSP
  • Use proper ski equipment
  • Wear a helmet but only snow sports helmet
  • Prepare for the weather (no cotton!)
  • Get proper instruction
  • Wear goggles
  • Take a break
  • Ski with a friend
  • Respect your limits
  • Follow the rules skier safety code

4
The Helmet Debate
  • Case control studies show helmets reduce head
    injury by 30-60
  • May cause increased neck injury
  • May not prevent fatality
  • May bolster confidence, leading to increased
    injury
  • Improper helmets may cause injury

(Hagel et al, Sulheim et al)
5
US Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1999
  • From 1993 ? 1997 ED visits declined from 114,400
    to 84,200
  • Head injury percentage increased from 11.8 in
    1993 to 15 in 1997
  • Kinds under 15y/o, head injuries 22 (4,950
    annually)
  • 44 head injuries preventable by helmet, 53 in
    kids)
  • Would reduce 11 deaths per year (in 1997)

6
Helmet Use and Risk of Head Injuries in Alpine
Skiers and Snowboarders JAMA Feb 22, 2006
  • Study by Steinar Sulheim, MD (et al)
  • Head injuries 17.6 of snow injuries in US
  • Helmet use showed 60 reduction of head injuries
    OR 0.40
  • Snowboarders at higher risk compared to skiers
    OR 1.53
  • Concluded helmet use prevented head injury

7
Effectiveness of helmets in skiers and
snowboarders case-control crossover studyBMJ
Jan 2005
  • Adjusted OR for helmet use for head injury
    prevention was OR 0.71 with a 29 reduction in
    head injury
  • For those taken to ED with head injury, OR was
    0.44
  • For those taken to ED with neck injury, OR was
    1.29
  • Concluded helmets help to reduce head injury, but
    cannot rule out increased neck injury

8
Summary of Helmet Recommendations
  • Helmets have been shown to reduce head injuries
    in both snowboarders and skiers
  • The effect of helmet use on neck injuries is
    indeterminate at this time and should be studies
    further
  • Helmets should be approved for snow sports use
  • Patients should limit activities to those they
    would feel comfortable doing without a helmet,
    and not increase risk level of activities while
    using a helmet

9
Common Injury Types
10
Alpine Ski Injuries
11
Common Ski Trauma
  • Skiers thumb
  • Boot-top fracture
  • UE/wrist injuries
  • ACL/MCL/MM injuries

12
Ski ACL injury
  • Weight back
  • Rotated knee
  • Down uphill hand
  • Places tension on ACL and medial meniscus
  • One of most common skiing knee injuries
  • Can be prevented by skier education

13
Snowboard Injuries
14
Common Snowboard Trauma
  • Anterior shoulder dislocation
  • Sacrococcygeal injury
  • Wrist injury
  • Head injury
  • Terrain-park trauma
  • High velocity impact
  • Chest contusion
  • Lacerations

15
Snowboard wrist injuries
16
Medical Considerations
  • Dehydration
  • Sunburn/Windburn
  • Hypothermia
  • Hyperthermia
  • Intoxication
  • Hypoglycemia
  • (DM complications)

17
Patient Resources
  • National Ski Patrol
  • www.nsp.org
  • National Ski Area Association
  • www.nsaa.org
  • Lids on Kids campaign
  • www.lidsonkids.org
  • Heads-Up Skier Safety
  • via www.nsaa.org
  • Terrain Park Safety Smart Style
  • www.terrainparksafety.org

18
References
  • Hagel, Bret E. et al. Effectiveness of helmets in
    skiers and snowboarders case-control crossover
    study. BMJ 2005330281-Jan 2005.
  • National Ski Area Association. Facts About
    Skiing/Snowboarding Safety. March 2006.
  • Sulgeim, Steinar MD. Et al. Helmet Use and Risk
    of Head Injuries in Alpine Skiers and
    Snowboarders. JAMA Feb 2006 295 (919-924).
  • U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Skiing
    Helmets, An Evaluation of the Potential to Reduce
    Head Injury. Washington D.C., January 1999.
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