International Collaborations in Science and Technology Imperatives for 21st Century Foreign Policy

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International Collaborations in Science and
Technology Imperatives for 21st Century Foreign
Policy

• Andrew Reynolds
• Deputy ST Adviser to the Secretary of State
• Fusion Power Associates Annual Meeting
• September 28, 2006

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Role of ST in Global Affairs
Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary

• Global Leadership in ST is transitory
• In the 19th century, and at the outset of the
  20th century, the dominant global ST power was
  Europe.
• Since the middle of the 20th century, the
  dominant global ST power has been the United
  States.

In the 21st century, a new internationally
collaborative reality is emerging since 1. the
scientific challenges are themselves more complex
in nature and global in impact 2. scientific
research itself is increasingly international 3.
technology is developed within a global framework
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Role of ST in Global Affairs
Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary

• Observations
• ST advances have enormous, immediate influence
  on global and national economies, and on
  international relations.
• Nations are largely shaped by their expertise in
  and access to ST.
• Major ST advances of our time not only offer
  remarkable new opportunities, but often challenge
  our social institutions and ethical principles.

• In an increasingly global world, accurate
  scientific information must inform foreign policy
  and foreign policy must promote justified
  scientific goals.

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National Security and ST Policy
National Intelligence Council 2000, 2002
Global Trends 2015 Mapping the Global Future
2020 ST, and particularly information
technology, biotechnology, materials sciences,
and nanotechnology will independently and
together be key drivers of globalization RD in
these fields will impact both hard power issues
defense, arms control, non-proliferation as
well as soft power issues - climate change,
infectious,chronic diseases, energy supply and
demand, and sustainable development National
Research Council 1999 13/16 strategic
objectives in U.S. foreign policy are underpinned
and driven by ST and health issues and assets
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13/16 of the 1999 International Affairs
Strategic Goalsfor the Department of State
Involve Science, Technology or Health Outlined
in The Pervasive Role of Science, Technology,
and Health In Foreign Policy Imperatives for
the Department of State Compiled by the
National Research Council and Published by
National Academy Pressin1999
SOURCE United States Strategic Plan for
International Affairs, First Revisions,
released by the Office of Resources, Plans, and
Policy, U.S. Department of State, Washington,
D.C., February 1999. See http//www.state.gov/ww
w/global/general_foreign_policy/99_stratplan_toc.h
tml.
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Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
(STAS)
Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
The position of Science and Technology Adviser
to the Secretary of State (STAS) was created in
2000 to strengthen the role of science and
technology (ST) within the foreign policy
community both in the Department of State (DoS)
in its embassies and missions. The STAS is a
principal interlocutor for ST in the DoS. The
appointment of a STAS in the DoS was recommended
by the National Academies and the National
Research Council.
Integrating Foreign Policy and Science
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STAS Core Objectives
Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
1. Enhancing the ST literacy and capacity of
the DoS increasing the number of scientists in
the DoS and the exposure of non-scientist DoS
personnel to ST issues 2. Building
partnerships with the outside ST community
throughout the USG, with partners abroad, and in
foreign embassies in the US 3. Providing
accurate ST advice to the DoS the Secretary
of State, other senior DoS officials, and
embassies on emerging and at the horizon
ST 4. Developing initiatives to enhance a
forward looking international leadership by
DoS on ST issues
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Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
National Security and ST Policy

• Three Pillars of U.S. National Security
• Intelligence
• Diplomacy
• War fighting
• ST are the bricks and mortar

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Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
Importance of ST in U.S. Policy
In the 21st century, American foreign policy
must have a sound scientific foundation. And we
must build on that foundation to stem the spread
of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDs, to stop
proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, to
lift people out of poverty, and lead states onto
the path of sustainable development. Now more
than ever, American science must enlighten
American statecraft. But the partnership between
science and statesmanship is a two-way street.
American diplomacy must also help advance world
science. Secretary Powell May 2004
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ST in 21st Century U.S. Foreign Policy
Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
I think science, as a diplomatic tool, is
greatopenness in recognizing that there are no
boundaries and therefore keeping ourselves open
to other people, making sure that we are at the
center of scientific discourse . Secretary
Rice January 2005 Today, dynamic advancements
in science and technology are transforming the
world making it possible for more and more
people to compete equally across all fields of
human endeavor. America must remain at the
forefront of this new world. Secretary Rice
May 2005
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National Science and Technology Council
Committee on Homeland and National
Security Sharon Hays, EOP Ken Kreig, DoD TBD, DHS
Committee on Environment Natural
Resources Sharon Hays, EOP Conrad Lautenbacher,
Commerce George Gray, EPA
Committee on Science Sharon Hays, EOP Arden
Bement, NSF Elias Zerhouni, NIH
Committee on Technology Richard Russell,
EOP William Jeffrey, Commerce
Global Change Research (SC)
National Security RD (SC)
Research Business Models (SC)
Networking and Information Technology (NITRD)
(SC)
Air Quality Research (SC)
International (SC)
Education and Workforce Dev. (SC)
Disaster Reduction (SC)
WMD Medical Countermeasures (SC)
Aquaculture (SC)
Nanoscale Science, Engineering And Technology
(NSET) (SC)
Ecosystems (SC)
Human Subjects Research (SC)
Toxics and Risks (SC)
Decontamination Standards And Technologies (SC)
Physics of the Universe (IWG)
Manufacturing RD (IWG)
Water Availability and Quality, (SC)
Domestic Animal Genomics (IWG)
Aeronautics ST (SC)
US Group on Earth Observations (SC)
Foreign Animal Disease Threat (SC)
Prion Science (IWG)
Biometrics (SC)
Standards (SC)
Trans-border Samples (IWG)
Infrastructure (SC)
Dioxon (IWG)
Scientific Collections (IWG)
Export Controls for ST (TG)

Oceans Science and Technology (SC)
Multinational Organizations (IWG)
Biotechnology (SC)
RD Investment Criteria (IWG)
Plant Genome (IWG)
Social, Behavioral, Economic (SC)
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U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for
International Development STRATEGIC PLAN Fiscal
Years 2004 2009

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Foreign Assistance Framework for Transformational
Diplomacy
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Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
ST Expertise in the U.S. Policy Community
JEFFERSON SCIENCE FELLOWS (JSF) Tenured U.S.
academic faculty in the Dept. of State for 1 year
of service followed by 5 years of consultancy

• Engaging the U.S. ST academics in the
  formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign
  policy
• U.S. universities participate by paying the
  salaries and benefits for their faculty selected
  to be JSFs.
• A public-private partnership between the
  MacArthur Foundation, Carnegie Corp., U.S.
  universities and professional scientific
  societies with the DoS.

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ST Soft Power in 21st Century Diplomacy
Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
Data from Pew Global Attitudes Project What the
World Thinks in 2002 from Nye, J. 2004
Seven countries with majority Muslim populations
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Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
STAS - Catalyst for New Programs and Activities

• Iraqi Virtual Science Library (IVSL)
• Science and Engineering Initiative at UNESCO
• U.S. Islamic World Forum-ST (Qatar)
• Safe and Secure Society Initiative (Japan)
• ITER Negotiations (with DoE)
• Visa Policy for ST Reform
• Recruitment of New STE Personnel and ESTH
  training at State Foreign Service Institute

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Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
LONG TERM POLICY PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUTURE OF ST
Objective to accurately inform U.S. and EU
officials of emerging and at-the-horizon ST
advances in a not-for-attribution environment

• A new generation of conferences for US and EU
  scientific and policy leaders to exchange of
  scientific understanding
• ST topics reasonably anticipated to have major
  societal, economic, and political impact within
  5-10 yrs
• Identify and characterize significant ST
  advances to promote more anticipatory, proactive
  policy formulation, and to reduce reactive
  policy action

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Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
Global Dialogues on Emerging Science and
Technology (GDEST)
Topics are selected in recognition of existing
and/or emerging strength of the ST in the host
country

• Japan
• February 2005
• Sensors, Nano-materials and Nano-structures

• China
• March 2006
• Biometrics Genomics

Brazil November 2006 Bioinfomatics

• Europe
• December 2005
• Quantum Computing and Coherence

New GDEST conferences ST topics and host
countries TBD
India October 2006 Agricultural Biotechnology
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Top Technology Applications Based on Nano, Bio,
and Info Research Synergies
Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
Energy Cheap Solar Energy Hybrid Vehicles ITC
Rural Wireless Communications Communication
Devices for Ubiquitous Information Access
Ubiquitous RF Identification Tagging of Products
and Individuals Wearable Computers Quantum
Cryptography Pervasive Sensors Manufacturing
Filters and Catalysts Cheap Autonomous Housing
Green Manufacturing Food and Health Next
Generation GM Crops Rapid Bioassays Targeted
Drug Delivery Tissue Engineering Improved
Diagnostic and Surgical Methods ------------------
----------------- The Global Technology
Revolution 2020, RAND National Security
Research Division, 2006
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New STAS Activities
Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary

• Global Science Partnerships for the 21st Century
• New strategic approach to student and
  university exchanges
• National RD Strategy for Regional Stability
• Supporting stability operations and/or
  reconstruction in pre- and post- conflict areas
• Project Horizon 2025 Strategic Interagency
  Capabilities Requirements
• Including a Science and Technology Incentive
  Framework to better align our ST investments
  with emerging, long-term global priorities

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National Security and ST Policy Intellectual
Security and Competitiveness
U.S. Commission on National Security 21st Century
Americans are living off the economic and
security benefits of the last three generations
investment in science and education, but we are
now consuming capital. Our systems of basic
scientific research and education are in serious
crisis, while other countries are redoubling
their efforts. In the next quarter century, we
will likely see ourselves surpassed, and in
relative decline, unless we make a conscious
national commitment to maintain our edge.
(Executive Summary, p. ix) Road Map for
National Security Imperative for Change, Phase
III Hart-Rudman Report 1998
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The Asian Century Begins?
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Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary
STAS WEBSITE
www.state.gov/g/stas