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Sea Power and Maritime Affairs

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President Ronald Reagan waves to military personnel after receiving the Iceland ... RONALD REAGAN. 1981-1989. SHOWN WITH GORBACHEV 'EVIL EMPIRE' BUT: INF TREATY! ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Sea Power and Maritime Affairs


1
Sea Power and Maritime Affairs
  • Lesson 20 President Reagan and Maritime
    Strategy, 1980-1989

2
Learning Objectives
  • Comprehend the policy goals of the Reagan defense
    buildup and the internal political situation that
    permitted it.
  • Comprehend the trends of public commitment during
    the period from 1980 to 1989 relative to the
    support for defense budgets, force deployments,
    and administration policies.

3
REAGAN DEFENSE BUILDUPNaval Expansion under
Secretary of the Navy John F. Lehman, Jr.
(1981-1987)
  • Rickover firing
  • Revamping U.S. Naval Strategy
  • Establishment of the Navy Policy Board
  • The Maritime Strategy
  • Interventionism, Peacekeeping and Responses to
    Terrorism
  • Strategic Reorientation

4
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5
Secretary of the Navy John H. Lehman Jr. attends
the recommissioning of the battleship USS
Missouri (BB-63)
6
Revamping U.S. Naval Strategy
  • Lehman established and chaired the Navy Policy
    Board, with the goal of 600-ship Navy established
    as Republican Party policy platform plank.

7
The Maritime Strategy
  • Product of the Policy Board
  • Main Tenet 600-ship Navy with carrier battle
    groups as centerpiece
  • Offensive outlook
  • Forward-deployed forces

8
President Ronald Reagan waves to military
personnel after receiving the Iceland Defense
Force ball cap from Rear Adm. McVadon, Commander
Icelandic Defense Force/Island Commander, Iceland.
9
Criticisms to the Maritime Strategy
  • Could be very costly in terms of carrier and
    aircraft losses.
  • Difficult to keep SLOCs open with bulk of fleet
    concentrated for the forward offensive battle.
  • Potentially provocative in destabilizing nuclear
    balance thereby, triggering nuclear exchange.

10
Reagan and Soviet Diplomacy
  • PRES. RONALD REAGAN
  • 1981-1989
  • SHOWN WITH GORBACHEV
  • EVIL EMPIRE BUT
  • INF TREATY!

11
Interventionism-Peacekeeping and Responses to
Terrorism
  • This gave Lehman an opportunity to test and
    refine the naval doctrine
  • Peace-Keeping in Lebanon
  • Beirut Bombing
  • Grenada (Operation Urgent Fury)
  • Hijacking of TWA 847
  • Achille Lauro hijacking
  • Gulf of Sidra attack by USAF and USN
  • Raid on Libya- Operation Eldorado Canyon
  • Tanker War
  • Operation Praying Mantis

12
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13
TWA Hostage Crisis
14
Achille Lauro Hijacking
15
Above President Reagan at Memorial Service for
Marines killed in Beirut To the right
President Reagan drafts his speech for Beirut
policy.
16
EL Dorado Canyon

17
Operation Praying Mantis
18
CARTOONISTS TAKE THAT REAGAN INTERVENTIONS SPELL
ED END OF POST-VIETNAM HESITATION
19
Strategic Reorientation
  • Nature In reaction to defeat in Vietnam and its
    debilitating aftermath, the Reagan administration
    proclaimed that henceforth the U.S. would only
    fight when its national interests were clearly at
    stake, and it would apply overwhelming force
    rather than commit a limited force in increments

20
  • STRATEGIC LEGACY OF REAGAN
  • GOLDWATER-NICHOLS
  • 2. WEINBERGER DOCTRINE
  • 3. POWELL DOCTRINE

21
Strategic Legacy of Reagan
  • Weinberger Doctrine
  • Be reluctant to employ force, but then use only
    overwhelming force
  • Powell Doctrine
  • CJCS Colin Powell, same as Weinberger
  • Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act
  • Elevated CJCS to principle military strategist
    for the nation, 1986

22
Secretary of Defense, Casper Weinberger is shown
administering the Oath of Office to General
Alfred Gray, Commandant of the Marine Corps July
1, 1987.
23
The Immediate Post-Lehman Navy(1987-1991)
  • The Navy continued to be built around the
    big-deck carrier.
  • Navy continues to be dominated by the carrier
    aviation and nuclear submarine communities.
  • Question for the 1990s What was the proper
    size and composition of the surface fleet in an
    era of shrinking appropriations?
  • Desert Shield/ Desert Storm (1990, 1991)

24
Learning Objectives
  • Comprehend the policy goals of the Reagan defense
    buildup and the internal political situation that
    permitted it.
  • Comprehend the trends of public commitment during
    the period from 1980 to 1989 relative to the
    support for defense budgets, force deployments,
    and administration policies.

25
Next time The Navy in the Gulf War, 1990-1991
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