Title: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior
1Thinking About Psychology The Science of Mind
and Behavior
- Charles T. Blair-Broeker
- Randal M. Ernst
2The Biological Bases of Behavior
3Neural and Hormonal Systems
4Neurons The Building Blocks of the Nervous
System
- Module 7 Neural and Hormonal Systems
5Nervous System
- The electrochemical communication system of the
body - Sends messages from the brain to the body for
movement - Brings information to the brain from the senses
6Neuron
- The basic building block of the nervous system --
a nerve cell - Neurons perform three basic tasks
- Receive information
- Carry the information
- Pass the information on to the next neuron
7Neurons
- Neurons fire -- send an impulse down their
length -- or they dont fire - Neurons come in a variety of shapes, sizes, etc.
8Parts of the Neuron
9Parts of the Neuron - Dendrites
10Parts of the Neuron - Soma
11Parts of the Neuron - Axon
12Parts of the Neuron Myelin Sheath
13Parts of the Neuron - Terminals
14Neurons
15Neuron
16Neural Communication The Neural Impulse
- Module 7 Neural and Hormonal Systems
17Action Potential
- A brief electrical charge that travels down the
axon of the neuron. - A neural impulse
- Considered an on condition of the neuron
18Refractory Period
- The recharging phase when a neuron, after
firing, cannot generate another action potential - Once the refractory period is complete the neuron
can fire again
19Resting Potential
- The state of a neuron when it is at rest and
capable of generating an action potential - The neuron is set and ready to fire
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23All-or-None Principle
- The principle that if a neuron fires it will
always fire at the same intensity - All action potentials are of the same strength.
- A neuron does NOT fire at 30, 45 or 90 but at
100 each time it fires.
24Communication Between Neurons
- Module 7 Neural and Hormonal Systems
25Synapse
- The tiny, fluid filled gap between the axon
terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of
another neuron - The action potential cannot jump the gap
26Neurotransmitters
- A chemical messenger that travels across the
synapse from one neuron to the next - Can influence whether the second neuron will
generate an action potential or not
27Neurotransmitters
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31Excitatory Effect
- A neurotransmitter effect that makes it more
likely that the receiving neuron will generate an
action potential (impulse) - The second neuron is more likely to fire.
32Inhibitory Effect
- A neurotransmitter effect that makes it less
likely that the receiving neuron will generate an
action potential (impulse) - The second neuron is less likely to fire.
33Neural Communication The Neural Chain
- Module 7 Neural and Hormonal Systems
34Receptor Cells
- Specialized cells in the sensory systems of the
body that can turn other kinds of energy into
action potentials that the nervous system can
process - Receptor cells in the eye turn light into a
neural impulse the brain understands.
35Sensory Nerves
- Nerves that carry information to the central
nervous system - Connect the sense organs to the brain and spinal
cord
36Interneurons
- Nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
responsible for processing information related to
sensory input and motor output
37Motor Nerves
- Nerves that carry information from the central
nervous system - Carries messages from the brain and spinal cord
to other parts of your body
38A Neural Chain
39A Neural Chain
40A Neural Chain
41A Neural Chain
42A Neural Chain
43The Structure of the Nervous System
- Module 7 Neural and Hormonal Systems
44The Nervous System
45Central Nervous System (CNS)
- The brain and spinal cord
- The brain is the location of most information
processing. - The spinal cord is the main pathway to and from
the brain.
46Spinal Cord
47Divisions of the Nervous System
48Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- The sensory and motor nerves that connect the
central nervous system to the rest of the body - Peripheral means outer region
- The system is subdivided into the somatic and
autonomic nervous systems.
49Divisions of the Nervous System
50Somatic Nervous System
- The division of the peripheral nervous system
that controls the bodys skeletal muscles - Contains the motor nerves needed for the
voluntary muscles
51Divisions of the Nervous System
52Autonomic Nervous System
- The division of the peripheral nervous system
that controls the glands and muscles of the
internal organs - Monitors the autonomic functions
- Controls breathing, blood pressure, and digestive
processes - Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems
53Divisions of the Nervous System
54Sympathetic Nervous System
- The part of the autonomic nervous system that
arouses the body to deal with perceived threats - Fight or flight response
55Divisions of the Nervous System
56Parasympathetic Nervous System
- The part of the autonomic nervous system that
calms the body - Brings the body back down to a relaxed state
57Divisions of the Nervous System
58The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of
the Autonomic Nervous System
59The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of
the Autonomic Nervous System
60The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of
the Autonomic Nervous System
61The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of
the Autonomic Nervous System
62The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of
the Autonomic Nervous System
63The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of
the Autonomic Nervous System
64The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of
the Autonomic Nervous System
65The Endocrine System
- Module 7 Neural and Hormonal Systems
66Endocrine System
- A set of glands that produce hormones-- chemical
messengers that circulate in the blood
67Hormone
- Chemical messengers produced by the endocrine
glands and circulated in the blood - Similar to neurotransmitters in that they are
also messengers - Slower communication system, but with longer
lasting effects
68Pituitary Gland
- The endocrine systems gland that controls the
other endocrine glands - Called the master gland
- Located at the base of the brain and connects to
the hypothalamus
69Endocrine System
70Thyroid Gland
- Endocrine gland that helps regulate the energy
level in the body - Located in the neck
71Endocrine System
72Adrenal Gland
- Endocrine glands that help to arouse the body in
times of stress - Located just above the kidneys
- Release epinephrine (adrenaline) and
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
73Endocrine System
74Pancreatic Gland
- Regulates the level of blood sugar in the blood
75Endocrine System
76Sex Glands
- Ovaries (females) and testes (males) are the
glands that influence emotion and physical
development. - Testosterone primary males hormone
- Estrogen primary female hormone
- Males and females have both estrogen and
testosterone in their systems.
77Endocrine System
78The End
79Name of Concept
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