Doing a Lot With A Little: Sexuality Peter Hegarty p'hegartysurrey'ac'uk - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Doing a Lot With A Little: Sexuality Peter Hegarty p'hegartysurrey'ac'uk

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'one of the richest scientific quarries opened up by the new psychology' (p. 432) ... (those wierd people). Being daunted by the topic (I don't know history) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Doing a Lot With A Little: Sexuality Peter Hegarty p'hegartysurrey'ac'uk


1
Doing a Lot With A Little SexualityPeter
Hegartyp.hegarty_at_surrey.ac.uk
  • Introduction
  • Michel Foucaults History of Sexuality
  • Sexual Practices and Sexual Identities
  • G. Stanley Hall, Lewis M. Terman, and Henry H.
    Goddard
  • 4. Pedagogical Issues

2
Locating Ourselves Since 1989
  • What has changed?
  • Lesbian and gay rights (Section 28, Age of
    Consent, Civil Partnership)
  • Womens rights (Female genital mutilation, forced
    marriage)
  • Medicalization (Viagra, DSM 4 (5), Protease
    Inhibitors, DSD).
  • Internet (online pornography, cybersex,
    wikipedia, you tube)
  • (Techno)sociality Mobile phones, social
    networking sites, twitter, wikis.
  • New masculinities (Evolutionary psychology, Lad
    magazines)
  • New sexual and gender minorities (bisexuality,
    transgender, polyamory, swinging).
  • Media depictions of sex (You tube, Big Brother,
    Embarrassing Illnesses)
  • New Knowledges (Human Genome Project, Queer
    Theory, Critical Psychology)

3
Why Teach CHIP?
  • To question the naturalness of categories
  • To question common sense about psychologys
    scope
  • To raise moral, ethical political questions

4
Why Teach History of Sexuality I?
  • To question the naturalness of categories
  • When, how and why did people become sexual
    types.
  • To question common sense about psychologys
    scope
  • Can psychology comment on the effects of
    extreme internet pornography?
  • To raise moral, ethical political questions
  • Who defines normal and abnormal
    sexuality?
  • Sexuality is not static
  • Not practices, not identities, not
    categories, not materiality.

5
Why Teach History of Sexuality II
6
Why Teach History of Sexuality II
7
Explosion of Sexuality Studies
  • Journal of the History of Sexuality (1990 - ).
  • Sexualities (1998 - ).
  • Psychology and Sexuality (2010 - ).

8
Michel Foucault (1926-1984)I
  • Relationship between the exercise of power and
    knowledge in the human sciences.

Jeremy Benthams Panopticon The prisoner in his
cell. (1785)
Torture of Robert-Francois Damien 1857
9
Michel Foucault (1926-1984)II
  • Sexuality as an especially dense transfer point
    between power and knowledge.
  • Mind/Body
  • Individual/Population
  • Power/Pleasure
  • Secrecy/Disclosure

10
Foucaults Concept of Power I
  • Sexuality is not repressed and liberated
  • If sex is repressed, that is condemned to
    prohibition, nonexistence, and silence, then the
    mere fact that one is speaking about it has the
    appearance of a deliberate transgression (p. 6).
  • What sustains our eagerness to speak of sex in
    terms of repression is doubtless this opportunity
    to speak out against the powers that be, to utter
    truths and promise bliss, to link together
    enlightenment, liberation, and manifold pleasures
    (p. 7).

11
Foucaults Concept of Power II
  • Psychologists have had a possessive concept of
    power.1 Foucault does not
  • Power is not something that is acquired, seized,
    or shared, something that one holds on to or
    allows to slip away power is exercised from
    innumerable points, in the interplay of
    non-egalitarian and mobile relations (p. 94)
  • 1 Ball, T. (1975). Models of power Past and
    present. Journal of the History of the
    Behavioral Sciences, 11, 211-222.

12
Power Has A History
  • New lines of penetration
  • through the child into family privacy (Incest
    taboo).
  • A new specification of individuals
  • (Typologies of perversion).
  • Spirals of power and pleasure
  • (Transference and Countertransference).
  • Devices of sexual saturation
  • (in the home, the school, the prison, and so on).

13
A new specification of individuals
  • We must not forget that the psychological,
    psychiatric, medical category of homosexuality
    was constituted form the moment it was
    characterized Westphals famous article of 1870
    on contrary sexual sensations can stand as its
    date of birth less by a type of sexual
    relations than by a certain quality of sexual
    sensibility, a certain way of inverting the
    masculine and feminine in oneself.
    Homosexuality appeared as one of the forms of
    sexuality when it was transposed from the
    practice of sodomy onto a kind of interior
    androgyny, a hermaphrodism of the soul. The
    sodomite had been a temporary aberration, the
    homosexual was now a species (page 43).

14
Local Knowledges of Sexuality
  • Paul Cadmus The Fleets In

15
Question
  • What was considered categorically evil by the God
    of the Old Testament, Thomas Jefferson, Immanuel
    Kant, Karl Marx, Fredrick Neitsche, G. Stanley
    Hall, and Robert Baden-Powell?

16
Question
  • What was considered categorically evil by the God
    of the Old Testament, Thomas Jefferson, Immanuel
    Kant, Karl Marx, Fredrick Neitsche, G. Stanley
    Hall, and Robert Baden-Powell?
  • But is now considered normal?
  • But is practiced by most people?

17
Identities Go Away The Masturbator
18
(No Transcript)
19
G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924)I
  • First PhD in psychology on American soil (1878)
  • First person to found an English language journal
    of psychology (1887)
  • First president of American Psychological
    Association (1889)
  • Supervised 34 of first 50 American PhDs in
    psychology (by 1899)
  • Hosted Freuds first (and only) visit to the US
    (1909)

20
G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924)II
  • Masturbation in Adolescence (1904)
  • one of the very saddest of all the aspects of
    human weakness . . . the most perfect type of
    individual vice and sin (p. 452)
  • the young man is fighting the hottest battle of
    his life with the devil solitary and alone (p.
    458)
  • one of the richest scientific quarries opened up
    by the new psychology (p. 432)

21
New Lines of Penetration
  • Precocity
  • Wherever children mature early in mind there is
    special danger of a wrong direction, and
    therefore need of all the methods of control (p.
    436).
  • Retardation
  • Because it is so dangerous, and liable to occur
    in individuals who lack stamina, it has its
    octopus-grasp in nearly all institutes for the
    defective classes (p. 434).

22
Dense Transfer Points I
  • Sexuality an especially dense transfer point
  • Mind/Body
  • Individual/Population
  • Power/Pleasure
  • Secrecy/Disclosure

23
Dense Transfer Points II
  • Intelligence an especially dense transfer
    point
  • Mind/Body
  • Individual/Population
  • Children/Adults
  • Humans/Animals
  • Mind/Behavior

24
The IQ theory of intelligence
  • Morality depends upon two things (a) the
    ability to foresee and to weigh the possible
    consequences for self and others of different
    kinds of behavior and (b) upon the willingness
    and capacity to exercise self-restraint. That
    there are many intelligent criminals is due to
    the fact that (a) may exist without (b). On the
    other hand, (b) presupposes (a). In other words,
    not all criminals are feeble-minded, but all
    feeble-minded are at least potential criminals.
    That every feeble-minded woman is a potential
    prostitute would hardly be disputed by any one
  • (Terman, 1916, The Measurement of Intelligence).

25
Feebleminded Prostitutes
  • The world is full of people who have started out
    with as little capital in the way of education as
    can be imagined, and yet the something within
    them has pushed them forward. Their in born
    intelligence has enabled them to master the work
    of a trade and they have steadily forged to the
    front. So that it may well be contended that
    feeble-mindedness is indirectly as well as
    directly the cause of much of the prostitution.
    And it is these weak-minded, unintelligent girls
    who make the white slave traffic possible. While
    it is true that now and then one is forcibly
    kidnapped and forced into this life under
    circumstances which no amount of intelligence
    could have controlled, yet a mere reading of an
    account often shows that the girl was lacking in
    intelligence or she could not have been entrapped
    in the way that she was. (Goddard, 1913,
    Feeblemindedness Its Causes and Consequences,
    14).

26
Teaching Trouble
  • Normalization (those wierd people).
  • Being daunted by the topic (I dont know
    history).
  • Using experiential authority (Speaking as a gay
    man...)
  • Demanding high levels of reflexivity
  • Larger classes

27
Slang Exercise
E.A.Peel (2006). Psychology of Women Section
Newsletter.
28
(No Transcript)
29
Drawing Exercises I Gergen
30
Drawing Exercises II Minton
31
Sexuality and Reflexivity
  • Through this class I have been able to see things
    are not as clear as they are made out to be in
    culture i.e. clear boundaries of heterosexual and
    homosexual (Straight woman) .
  • I have become more aware of how blurred the
    boundaries between homosexuality and
    heterosexuality are, previously I would have made
    assumptions when people identify as on (sic) or
    the other, now I think I am more open-minded (Gay
    man).
  • It has helped me feel more comfortable and
    confident in my bisexuality as before I was
    constantly hearing that I HAD to be one or the
    other, and has given me tools to argue back.
    (Bisexual woman).

32
Conclusions
  • Sexuality is inescapably historical.
  • Sexuality is a key topic in current scholarship
    in the history of the self, gender, power,
    ethics, and modernity in the humanities.
  • Students are inherently curious and cautious
    about sexuality.
  • Sexuality is key to major schools of
    psychological thought Darwinian functionalism,
    psychoanalysis, behaviorism, social
    constructionism.
  • CHIP is the obvious area to address the neglect
    of serious discourse about sexuality in the
    psychology curriculum.
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