Switzerland's PPP Initiative to Ensure a Sustainable Real Estate Market

1
Switzerland's PPP Initiative to Ensure a
Sustainable Real Estate Market
Marc Nicodet Federal Directorate of Cadastral
Surveying
Jürg Kaufmann KAUFMANN CONSULTING
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Table of Content

• The Cadastral System of Switzerland
• Organisational framework
• Cadastre 2014
• The FIG Vision
• The initiative of the private sector IGS-Working
  Group
• The role of the public sector
• The Swiss Cadastral System of the Future

3
Legal basis until now and objectives
Objectives from the legislator
4
Actual situation in Switzerland

• Over 4 million parcels

Mortgages secured from the Swiss cadastral system
5
Organisations involved in cadastral system
Government
Federal Parliament
Dept. for Defence, Civil Protection and Sports
Department of Justice- and Police


7 Federal Departments
Federal Level
Federal Office for Topography


COSIG
Federal Office for Justice
Office for Land Registry and Real Estate Law
Directorate of Cad. Surveying


Licensing Commission for Cadastral Surveying


Cantonal Level
Community Level
6
Organisation of Cadastral Surveying
Level
Organisation
Tasks
Confederation
Supervision,strategic management

Canton
Operative management
Community
Execution

• Confederation - Cantons - Communities
• Administration Private economy (PPP)

7
Digital data description AV93 (since 1993)
TRANSFER Data_Catalogue MODEL Basic_Data_Set
DOMAIN LKoord COORD2 480000.000 70000.000
840000.000 300000.000
HKoord COORD3 480000.000 70000.000
0.000 840000.000 300000.000
5000.000 Height DIM1 0.000 5000.000
Precision 0 .. 300 Reliability (yes,
no) LetterOrientation GRADS 0.0 400.0
Status (planned, valid) TOPIC Control_Points
......... END Control_Points TOPIC
Land_Cover ......... END Land_Cover TOPIC
Ownership DOMAIN Monumentation
(border_stone, plastic_peg, cross,
not_monumented) OwnershipType (parcel,
distinct_right,
construction_right, water_source_
right) TABLE LimitPoint OSKey OPTIONAL
-gt OwnershipMaintenance Identifier
OPTIONAL TEXT12 Geometry LKoord
PositionPrecision Precision
PositionReliability Reliability Origin
OPTIONAL TEXT30 SymbolOrientation
OPTIONAL LetterOrientation !! Default 0.0
IDENT Geometry END LimitPoint END
Ownership. END Basic_Data_Set.
8 Information Layers (Possibility to realise the
layers separately)
Data Model (UML) (Entity-Relationship-Diagram)
Data Description Language INTERLIS (system
independent)
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Principal elements of the actual Swiss Cadastral
System (1)
Stipulates only the part of rights, obligations
and charges on parcels under private law

• Register (land registry) andmaps (cadastral
  surveying)

• Clear legal bases, high legal guarantee
• Federal licence for surveyors
• Responsibility lies with the Cantons

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Principal elements of the actualSwiss Cadastral
System (2)

• Partnership Confederation - Canton (-
  Communities)
• Public Private Partnership (PPP)
• Decentralized structure
• Free market, tendering

• Costs are borne mainly by Confederation

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Background and Development of"Cadastre 2014"

• Working Group 1994-1998 of FIG-Commission 7
  chaired by Jürg Kaufmann and Daniel Steudler,
  Secretary
• Objective was the development of visions for
  future cadastral systems (How do cadastral
  systems look like in 20 years? 1994 20
  2014!)
• Two questionnaires on systems, strengths
• and weaknesses, trends, cost recovery

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The 6 statements of "Cadastre 2014"

• The future cadastre will include rights,
  restrictions, and responsibilities generated by
  public-law not only private-right property
  information

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Today's handling of public-law arrangements
Private-law property rights and encumbrances
Public-law arrangements
transparent
not transparent
very high
weak
positive
negative
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The 6 statements of "Cadastre 2014"

• The future cadastre will include rights,
  restrictions, and responsibilities generated by
  public-law not only private-right property
  information

• Maps" (cadastral surveying) and "Registers"
  (land registry) will be integrated not
  necessarily the responsible organisations, but
  data and information

3. Data will be defined by conceptual data models
not by drawing standards anymore
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The 6 statements of "Cadastre 2014"

• "Paper and Pencil"-Cadastre will be overcome
  only digital information
• Public and private sectors will work closely
  together in Switzerland since decades proven
  practice
• Future cadastres will be cost recovering or at
  least have developed a better cost consciousness.

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IGS-Working Group "Cadastre 2014"
Deficiencies of the present-day cadastral system

• Separation of land register/cadastral surveying
• Only properties/parcels are included
• Unsystematic documentation of space-related
  arrangements generated by public-law
• No public data access to information about
  encumbrances
• Legally certified extracts from cadastral survey
  are not available

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IGS-Working Group "Cadastre 2014"
Laws generating public-law restrictions
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IGS-Working Group "Cadastre 2014"
Requirements for an information layer to be
included in Cadastre 2014

• legal relevance of data
• public nature of information
• systematic and complete
• complete coverage over a defined territory
• localized in a defined geodetic reference system
• defined by a clear and non-ambiguous data model
• kept up-to-date through well-defined procedures
  (notification process or periodic updating)

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IGS-Working Group "Cadastre 2014"
Technical concept basic principles

• Independent from any specific GIS or software
  systems
• Modification of legislation shall not result in
  large efforts for system adaptation
• Support of the federalist circumstances
• Federal-, cantonal, communal laws
• Services of C2014 must be expandable
• further laws and aspects to be included easily

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Proposal for future cadastral extract (textual)
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Proposal for future extract of cadastral map
(spatial)
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Motion for register on public law restrictions

• Submitted by Kantonsrat Kurt Bosshard, Uster, 19
  Jan. 1998
• The government is invited to introduce by law a
  register containing
• all public law restrictions of the property
  rights caused by
• land use planning,
• building permissions,
• land consolidation,
• possibly concessions, etc,
• as well as all property relevant matters
  concerning old hazardous waste, decreed
  redevelopment measures, inventories such as
  patrimonial and nature protection areas, energy
  indices, etc.

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State of the project

• Status of the works

• New constitutional article is in discussion in
  the Federal Parliament
• Task Force has been established in cooperation
  with the "Federal Office for Land Registry and
  Real Estate Law"
• First applications (pilot) available

• Principle decisions

• The need for the cadastre to be developed towards
  "Cadastre 2014" is uncontested
• The Swiss Cadastral System is well-suited to
  accommodate further information layers

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Role of the cadastre in the Land Business Process
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Swiss Cadastral System of the future
A possible future structure
Data maintenance and distribution
Data owner (stakeholder)
Data acquisition
Information topic
Legal validity of approved documents
Other topics
Other
Cable TV Telecom
Private firms
private firms
enterprise
not available
Electric power supply
enterprise
licensed surveyor
Power company
yes, available
Land use planning Forestry
Canton Communities
yes, available
engineer
licensed surveyor
Corporations, Communities,
Fresh water Waste water
enterprise
enterprise
not available
Communities
licensed surveyor
Noise protection
engineer
yes, available
Confederation, Canton, Communities
licensed surveyors
licensed surveyors
AV93
yes, available
Two pre-requisites have to be satisfied
1) Same geodetic framework 2) Same way of data
description
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Trend in spatial-related cadastral data
official
Increasing content of Cadastral System
cadastre
Public law (C2014)
official cadastre private law
1912 Introduction OS with ZGB
2002 Preparation art. 75a BV
2008 Full coverage
20XX
1993 Digital Standard AV93
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Vision

• Development of a comprehensive information
  system, based on the data of the Cadastral
  Surveying, across departments embedded in the
  context of E-Government (decentralized data
  maintenance, central data access) and NSDI
  (National Spatial Data Infrastructure).