Title: FEDERAL LAND MANAGERS CLASS I AIR QUALITY ANALYSES
1FEDERAL LAND MANAGERS CLASS I AIR QUALITY ANALYSES
2TOPICS
- Major Source Permits
- Permitting Issues
- CALMET Issues
- CALPUFF
- POSTUTIL
- CALPOST
- Visibility Calculations
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4Coal Fired Power plants
- Latest count is gt100 coal fired power plant
applications nationwide - NPS has gt 17 applications in house
- Most near 4 Corners area and SHEN
- FWS has 4 applications in house
- USFS numbers similar NPS
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7NEW COAL POWER PLANTSNEAR NPS/FWS AREAS
- KY 4-current
- GA 1-current
- IL 1-near future 1-recent past
- WV-1 current 2-recent past
- PA-3 current
- NV 2-near future
- ND 2-current
- WY 1-current
- UT 1-current 2 near future 2 recent past
- MT 2 near future
- NM-2 current
- CO-2/3 current
8Other Projects
- 4 CORNERS CUMULATIVE ANALYSIS
- BRENTON ISLAND SO2 STUDY
- FLORIDA CLASS I SO2 STUDY
9PROCEDURES/LEGAL
- See attachment
- 40 CFR 51.307
- Sec. 51.307 New source review.
- (a) For purposes of new source review of any
new major stationary source or major modification
that would be constructed in an area that is
designated attainment or unclassified under
section 107(d)(1)(D) or (E) of the Clean Air Act,
the State plan must, in any review under Sec.
51.24 with respect to visibility protection and
analyses, provide for - (1) Written notification of all affected
Federal Land Managers of any proposed new major
stationary source or major modification that may
affect visibility in any Federal Class I area.
Such notification must be made in writing and
include a copy of all information relevant to the
permit application within 30 days of receipt of
and at least 60 days prior to public hearing by
the State on the application for permit to
construct. Such notification must include an
analysis of the anticipated impacts on visibility
in any Federal Class I area, - (2) Where the State requires or receives
advance notification (e.g. early consultation
with the source prior to submission of the
application or notification of intent to monitor
under Sec. 51.24) of a permit application of a
source that may affect visibility the State must
notify all affected Federal Land Managers within
30 days of such advance notification, and.
1040 CFR 51.307Sec. 51.307 New source review
- FLMs need Relevant Information 60 days before
public hearing - Permit application
- Draft Permit with emission limits both short and
long term limits - Staff analyses BACT, Modeling
- Copy of Public Notice
11CALMET METEOROLOGICAL DATA
- How many years of MM data
- 1 year is no longer allowed
- 3 years with MM data is acceptable
- 5 years with MM data in the future
- CALMET/MM prognostic data (MM4-1990, MM5-1992,
MM5-1996)-available from NPS/FWS - MM5 for 2002 available from VISTAS CENRAP-not
CALMET ready - FWS creating MM5 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997
- 3636km CALMET ready
- Consistent with same data sets generated with
same method - FWS will create MM5 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997
- 1212km CALMET ready
- Consistent with same data sets generated with
same method
12METEOROLOGICAL DATA
- If MM5 is used then
- The need to determine if CALMET wind field is
representative. - Compare to NWS maps and data wind rose
- Use software (i.e.) (METEVAL)-PC or LAKES VIEW
Product or PAVE-UNIX - Refined CALPUFF should not use just MM data alone
(NOOBS) - not in lieu of no SFC or UA data
- cannot use MM data precip field alone
13New years of MM5 or RUC-2
- RPOs are evaluating the performance of new MM5
years with statistical programs (i.e.) - METSTAT
- Rapid Update Cycle (RUC-2)
- FLMs concern is RUC is a diagnostic analysis tool
needs performance evaluation against
observations MM5 - Parameters- Ws, Wd, RH, Precip, Vertical
profile - Been applied in very limited situations (4)
-usually when MMx data was not available or
appropriate - Older RUC 4040km
- New RUC 2020km Earth Tech and Wind Logic
- WRF (to replace MM5) is now just a
prognostic/forecast tool with no nudging with
observations like current MM5 unknown when it
will be ready for dispersion modeling
14CALPUFF
- Guidance in IWAQM 2 FLAG
- FIXED CLASS I Receptor Grids for all 156 areas
- CALMET grid (4km-1.5 1.0 km)
- CALMET CALPUFF settings must stay fixed for the
different years - CALPUFF must be executed for run length----- not
monthly - For short term increments and visible haze, need
to model short term w/State emission limits. - Pounds per hour or Pounds per MMBtu, etc
- Annual increments and acid deposition can use
annual TPY emission limits - Annual deposition for total Sulfur Nitrogen
- CALPUFFlt50 km if flow is complex
15PM SPECIATION for VISIBILITY IMPACTS
- PM-coarse
- PM-fine
- Elemental Carbon
- Secondary Organic Aerosols
- Sulfuric Acid Mist
- Pulverized Coal boilers
- Circulating Fluidized Bed boilers
- Natural Gas Turbines
- Oil Fired Turbines
- http//www2.nature.nps.gov/air/Permits/emissions_C
ontrolTech.htm
16EMISSION SOURCES
- New Sources- same emissions for new facility as
Class II analysis (usually not fugitives) - Cumulative Class I increment analysis for
pollutant averaging time gt EPA Class I SIL - All major/large sources up to 300 km from Class I
area - Minor sources lt 50km from Class I area-not same
minor source inventory as Class II - EmissionsStates permit limit for averaging
time--usually short term limits
17Ammonia Limiting
- NH3 affects NO3 concentrations
- SO4 affects NH3 concentrations
- i.e. NH3 preferentially reacts with SO4
- NH3 DOES NOT affect SO4 concentrations
- SO4 assumed to be (NH4)2SO4
- Could be NH4HSO4, H2SO4, or (NH4)3H(SO4)2
- NH3 HNO3 ? NH4NO3
- NH4NO3 ? f(RH,T)
18POSTUTIL
- CALPUFF may overestimate the amount of NH4(NO3)
formed due to overlapping puffs - Recommended to run to properly apportion the
available background ammonia to the number of
puffs in each grid cell. This post processing
was also done so as not overestimate the amount
of ammonium nitrate particles formed. The
adjusted binary concentration output files are
then applied in the CALPOST model to derive the
visibility impacts. - Set MNITRATE 1
19 Effects on Visibility
- CALPOST-----INPUT GROUP 2
- Extinction Efficiency (1/Mm per ug/m3)
- ----------------------------------------
- MODELED particulate species
- PM COARSE (EEPMC) --
Default 0.6 ! EEPMC 0.6 ! - PM FINE (EEPMF) --
Default 1.0 ! EEPMF 1.0 ! - BACKGROUND particulate species
- PM COARSE (EEPMCBK) --
Default 0.6 ! EEPMCBK 0.6 ! - Other species
- AMMONIUM SULFATE (EESO4) --
Default 3.0 ! EESO4 3.0 ! - AMMONIUM NITRATE (EENO3) --
Default 3.0 ! EENO3 3.0 ! - ORGANIC CARBON (EEOC) -- Default 4.0
! EEOC 4.0 - SOIL
(EESOIL)-- Default 1.0 ! EESOIL 1.0 ! - ELEMENTAL CARBON (EEEC) --
Default 10. ! EEEC 10.0 !
20Background Extinction Computation ----------------
----------------- Method used for background
light extinction
(MVISBK) -- Default 6 ! MVISBK 2 !
1 Supply single light extinction and
hygroscopic fraction - IWAQM (1993) RH adjustment
applied to hygroscopic background
and modeled sulfate and nitrate 2
Compute extinction from speciated PM measurements
(A) - Hourly RH adjustment applied
to observed and modeled sulfate
and nitrate - RH factor is capped
at RHMAX 3 Compute extinction from
speciated PM measurements (B) - Hourly RH
adjustment applied to observed
and modeled sulfate and nitrate - Receptor-hour
excluded if RHgtRHMAX - Receptor-day
excluded if fewer than 6 valid receptor-hours
4 Read hourly transmissometer background
extinction measurements - Hourly RH adjustment
applied to modeled sulfate and
nitrate - Hour excluded if measurement invalid
(missing, interference, or large RH)
- Receptor-hour excluded if RHgtRHMAX
- Receptor-day excluded if fewer than 6 valid
receptor-hours 5 Read hourly
nephelometer background extinction measurements -
Rayleigh extinction value
(BEXTRAY) added to measurement - Hourly RH
adjustment applied to modeled sulfate and
nitrate - Hour excluded if
measurement invalid (missing, interference, or
large RH) - Receptor-hour excluded
if RHgtRHMAX - Receptor-day excluded if fewer than
6 valid receptor-hours 6 Compute
extinction from speciated PM measurements
- FLAG RH adjustment factor applied to
observed and modeled sulfate and
nitrate 7 Compute extinction from
speciated PM measurements as in 2
for 'unobstructed' conditions replace with
extinction from observed visual range for
fog/precipitation conditions -
Hourly RH adjustment applied to observed and
modeled sulfate and nitrate - RH factor is
capped at RHMAX - When fog/precip is
observed, replace computed Bext with Bext(1/Mm)
3912/VR(km)
21FLM INFORMATION AVAILABLE AT
- http//www.nature.nps.gov/ard/
- http//www.nature.nps.gov/ard/fws/fwsaqb. html
- http//www.aqd.nps.gov/ard/flagfree/
- http//www.epa.gov/ttn/nsr/techinfo.html
- http//www2.nature.nps.gov/air/Permits/emissions_C
ontrolTech.htm - http//www2.nature.nps.gov/air/maps/Receptors/inde
x.htm - http//www.epa.gov/scram001/t29.html