The Role of Technology in Reducing Motor Vehicle Crashes and Their Aftermath

1
The Role of Technology in Reducing Motor Vehicle
Crashes and Their Aftermath

• Drew Dawson, Director
• NHTSA Office of EMS

2
Motor Vehicle InjuriesThe leading cause of
injury, world wide!
3
Haddon Matrix
Human
Vehicle
Environment
Pre-Crash
Crash
Comprehensive Approach to Highway Safety
4
Technology

• The Vehicle

5
History

• 1901 - Speedometers - Oldsmobiles are the first
  to feature speedometers.
• 1906 - Closed body Cadillac. Cadillac offered a
  closed body car.
• 1908 - Headlight - General Motors introduces the
  first electric headlamp.

6
History

• 1912 - Self Starter - Cadillac introduced the 1st
  successful electric self starter.
• 1912 - All Steel Body

7
History

• 1924 - Two Filament Headlamps
  improving night time visibility
  distance.
• 1925 - Electric Wipers - wiper speed
  could be maintained regardless of
  engine speed.
• 1926 - Safety Glass- Safety Plate, shatter proof
  (laminated) glass is introduced to reduce the
  potential for flying glass during an accident.

8
History

• 1930 - Slanted Windshields - eliminate night time
  glare of headlamps from
  oncoming traffic.
• 1933 - Knee Action - Independent front wheel
  suspension, improves ride, car stability, and
  steering.
• 1939 - Automatic Shift
• 1939 - Turn Signals

9
History

• 1940 - Front/Rear Directional Signals -
  Buick is first to offer
  front/rear directional
  signaling with self canceling switch.
• 1945 - War Years

10
History

• 1952 - Power Steering
• 1953 - Power Brakes
• 1955 - Seat Belts
• 1954 - Electric Windows
• 1959 - 2 Speed Electric Wipers

11
History

• 1966 - Energy Absorbing Steering Column
• 1969 - Impact Testing
• 1969 -Side Guard Beam

12
History

• 1971 - Sealed Battery
• 1973 - Air Cushions
• 1974 - Catalytic Converter

13
History

• 1986 - Rear Seat lap/shoulder safety belts.

14
History

• 1990 - Anti-lock Brakes
• 1999 - In Vehicle Computers/MAYDAY

15
Evolution of Vehicle Safety
Crash Worthiness
Crash Avoidance
16
Vehicle Innovations
17
Back-up Aid

• Typical Application
• Back-up Aid is active anytime a vehicle is put
  into reverse gear. Its useful for parallel
  parking, backing in and out of parking spaces,
  and backing at higher speeds.

18
Adaptive Cruise Control

• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) greatly increases
  the value of cruise control, especially in
  congested traffic situations.
• Detects objects in the vehicles path.
• If the lane ahead is clear, the system will
  maintain the set speed.
• When slower traffic is detected, the system will
  maintain a driver-selected headway using
  throttle control and limited braking.

19
Night Vision
20
Night Vision
21
Night Vision
22
Stability Control
23
Fishhook Maneuver
24
Intervention Example2006 Porsche Boxster
ESC Disabled (Note occurrence of transient
oversteer)
25
Intervention Example2005 Nissan Titan
26
Intervention Example2005 Mitsubishi Montero
27
Tire Pressure Monitoring System
28
Still to come..
29
Rear-end Collision
30
Intersection Collision
31
Roadway Departure
32
Lane Change/Merge Collision
33
The Future Integration
34
Technology

• The Driver

35
Driver Monitoring
36
Ignition Interlocks
37
Visual and Ocular Measures of Driver Impairment

• Drowsiness
• PERCLOS (percent of eye closure) measured using
  cameras aimed at face
• Driver Distraction
• Machine vision analysis of glance directions
  shows tunnel vision of search and scan patterns
  or glances inside vehicle instead of on the
  roadway
• Alcohol Impairment
• Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
• Pupil response to light
• ???

38
Issues

• Accuracy
• Public acceptance
• Cost
• Low maintenance
• Installation and upkeep
• Funding
• Research and development

39
(No Transcript)
40
Technology

• Post Crash Care

41
(No Transcript)
42
Automatic Collision Notification
43
Data Shared

•      Provider Name/ID      Incident ID
•      Call Back Number      Event Verified
•      Date Stamp      Time Received
•      Latitude and Longitude      VIN
•      Datum      Device Event Type
•      Delta V, Direction of Force      Which
  airbags deployed
•      Vehicle Manufacturer, Make, Model, Year,
  Color
• Rollover information (if available and
  present)
• Multiple Impacts

44
Automatic Crash NotificationAdvanced Automatic
Crash Notification

• Revision of ACS Field Triage Protocol
• University of Michigan
• Other efforts to evaluate which data elements are
  clinically useful

45
EMS Technology Project

• Technology in EMS is important
• Assuring clinical efficacy of devices is critical
• Cooperative agreement with National Association
  of EMS Physicians
• Develop a process for medical review of EMS
  equipment

46
Next Generation 9-1-1
47
?

48
All telephones are not alike
Other devices can now act like telephones
49
Current and Future 9-1-1
50
Next Generation 9-1-1 - The Opportunities

• Leveraging convergence
• Provide better wireless Enhanced 9-1-1
• Allow simultaneous communications to multiple
  destinations
• Integration of data from multiple sources
• Voice
• Data
• Video
• Improved functionality
• Automatic Crash Notification
• Reverse 9-1-1
• Improved text and video
• Improved transfer to other PSAPs

51
Background

• 9-1-1 system capabilities have critical
  implications for public safety in general, and
  transportation safety, mobility, and security in
  particular.
• The convergence trend in telecommunications and
  information technology provides an opportunity to
  make integrated voice, data, and graphical
  communications for public safety practical.

52
DOT Vision for 9-1-1

• Establish the foundation for public emergency
  services in a wireless mobile society
• Pave the way for fundamental changes (who, what,
  where, how) in moving emergency information
• Enable E9-1-1 calls from most types of
  communication- or networked- devices

53
NG9-1-1 Program Plan

• Engage stakeholders. Leverage Wireless E9-1-1
  Initiative activities and relationships. Involve
  other stakeholders through RFI, technology forums
  and other outreach efforts.
• Establish the vision. Partner with public safety
  agencies and telecommunications industry to
  achieve consensus operational practices and user
  requirements for an Internet / multimedia-capable
  9-1-1 system
• Define the future. With 9-1-1 community
  partners, define the system architecture and
  develop a transition plan that considers
  responsibilities, costs, schedule, and benefits
  for deploying the NG9-1-1 System across
• the Nation.

54
Define the Future

• Define Next Generation 9-1-1 System
• Create government/industry partnership to define
  and document the system framework and a
  transition plan.
• Coordinate Standards
• Provide the bridge between this initiative and
  on-going IP-telephony standards development and
  related activities
• Evaluate NG9-1-1 Framework and Transition Plans
• Assess potential system performance, costs and
  benefits, and risks

55
Milestones

• National architecture and high-level design for
  NG9-1-1 System
• Transition plan for NG9-1-1 implementation

56
Additional Information - ESC

• NHTSAs ESC Docket
• http//dms.dot.gov/search/searchFormSimple.cfm
• Docket Number 19951
• VRTC ESC Website
• http//www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/vrtc/ca/esc.htm
• http//www.safercar.gov
• ESC installation information
• An excellent overall vehicle safety resource
• Email
• Garrick.Forkenbrock_at_dot.gov

57
(No Transcript)