Impact of Two Methods of Listening to Music During Exercise on Perceived Exertion and Overall Physic

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Impact of Two Methods of Listening to Music
During Exercise on Perceived Exertion and Overall
Physical Activity
Uha Reddy, M.D.
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Exercise, Exercise, Exercise

• Benefits
• Improved Cardiovascular Health
• Glycemic Control
• Cancer prevention and treatment (breast,
  prostate)
• Smoking cessation
• Decreased risk of symptomatic gallstones
• Psychological well-being

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Exercise Guidelines

• For healthy adults under age 65
• At least 30 minutes of exercise most days of the
  week
• How many people in the U.S meet this goal?
• Less than 50

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Why?

• Common reasons given for not exercising
• Lack of time
• Boring or monotonous nature of exercise routine
• Discomfort associated with exercise (fatigue,
  muscle aches, etc. . .)

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Music

• How music helps?
• Reduces sensations of fatigue
• Improves mood state
• Influences psychomotor arousal
• Encourages synchronization

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Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

• RPE is a rating of how heavy or strenuous an
  activity feels
• Ranges from 6 20
• 6 is no exertion at all
• 20 is maximal exertion
• Listening to music while exercising reduces the
  RPE

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Synchronization

• Moving in synchrony to the beat of the music
  (stepping, pedaling, etc. . .)
• Beats per minute (BPM) of the song
• For example
• Power walking (115-139 BPM)
• Jogging/running (147-160 BPM)
• Stair climbing (124-128 BPM)

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Synchronous vs. Asynchronous

• Asynchronous exercising while passively
  listening to music, not moving to the beat
• Very few studies have been done comparing
  synchronous to asynchronous exercise

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Our study

• Goal
• to evaluate the effect of synchronous vs.
  asynchronous exercise on RPE and overall physical
  activity in adults who participate in regular
  exercise (over a 6 week course)

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Hypotheses

• Synchronous exercise with music will reduce the
  RPE and improve affect compared with asynchronous
  exercise with music
• Instruction in synchronous exercise with music
  motivates the participant to exercise more
  frequently than with asynchronous exercise

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Inclusion Criteria

• Plan to enroll 46 participants
• Adult employees of Georgetown University (20-55
  years of age)
• Engage in regular physical activity of at least 2
  exercise sessions per week (80 mins per week) of
  light to moderate exercise
• Listen to music while exercising

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Exclusion Criteria

• Major medical condition which prevents regular
  exercise
• Use of Beta Blocker medication
• Participation in varsity sports

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Study Set-Up

• 6 week study
• Testing/Monitoring
• Exercise stress test (Georgetown Cardiology
  department)
• Supervised exercise sessions weekly (on
  elliptical machine for a 50-55 minute session
  each week)
• Heart rate monitor
• RPE at 15, 30 and 45 minutes
• Post-session questionnaires

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Study Set-Up

• Kenz Lifecorder Plus Accelerometer (advanced
  pedometer)
• Records steps, when there is an increase in
  activity, activity time and calories
• Post-Session Questionnaires
• Physical Activity Affect Scale (PAAS)
• Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI)

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Control Group

• Introductory lecture (60 mins)
• Encourage patients to exercise as frequently as
  they would like with a minimum of once per week
• Exercise diary
• Duration, RPE during the last 10 mins

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Intervention Group

• Introductory lecture and instruction on
  synchronous exercise
• MP3 music player
• 28 playlists with a variety of songs (45-55 mins
  duration)
• Laminated cards of each playlist with
  instructions (BPM, location of the beat drum,
  guitar)

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Intervention Group

• Encourage patients to exercise as frequently as
  they would like with a minimum of once per week
• Exercise diary
• Duration, RPE during the last 10 mins

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Primary and Secondary Outcomes

• Primary
• Change in RPE from baseline at 6 weeks
• Comparison between groups
• Secondary
• Difference in total activity time between groups
• Difference in heart rate
• Difference in affect, interest/enjoyment

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Stay Tuned

• Kick-off September 2008 (rolling admissions)
• Last group of participants will likely complete
  study in November/December 2008
• Then, Data Analysis. . .

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Thank you!

• Stephen Clement, MD
• Eileen M. Pelayo, RN

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References

• Anshel MH, Marisi DQ. Effect of music and rhythm
  on physical performance. Research Quarterly.
  49109-113, 1978.
• Bernardi L, Porta C, Sleight P. Cardiovascular ,
  cerebrovascular and respiratory changes induced
  by different types of music in musicians and
  nonmusicians the importance of silence. Heart.
  92445-452, 2006.
• Karageorghis C, Terry P. The psychological
  effects of music in sport and exercise A review.
  J Sport Behavior. 20 54-64, 1997.
• Manini Y, Everhart JE, Patel KV et al. Daily
  activity energy expenditure and mortality in
  older adults. JAMA 296171-179, 2006.

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References

• Physical activity guidelines for healthy adults
  under age 65. http//www.acsm.org/AM/Template.cfm?
  SectionHome_PageTEMPLATE/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfmCON
  TENTID7764 (accessed 25 Aug 2008).
• Smoll FL, Schultz RW. Accuracy of rhythmic motor
  behavior in response to preferred and
  nonpreferred tempos. J Human Movement Studies. 8
  123-130, 1982.
• Szmedra L, Bacharach DW. Effect of music in
  perceived exertion, plasma lactate,
  norepinephrine and cardiovascular hemodynamics
  during treadmill running. Int J Sport Med.
  1932-37, 1998.
• Peterson, DM. Overview of the benefits and risks
  of exercise. http//www.uptodate.com (accessed 25
  Aug 2008).

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Any Questions?