Room Relationships

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Room Relationships Sizes

• Nansemond River High School
• Career Technical Education
• Architectural Drawing Design
• Dawn Rountree, Instructor

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Introduction

• Architecture has more amateur experts than any
  other field.
• Many people feel that they can draw their own
  floor plans because they have been in many homes
  and know what they like.
• You HAVE to have more knowledge in order to
  design for the needs of a family.

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The Floor Plan
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The Floor Plan

• First drawing of a home
• Must be designed to blend the site and the needs
  of the inhabitants

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The Design Process

• Initial Contact
• Preliminary Design Studies
• Bubble diagrams
• Preliminary sketches
• Room Planning
• Initial Working Drawing
• Final Design Considerations
• Completion on Working Drawings
• Permit Procedures
• Job Supervision

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Initial Contact

• Discussion includes
• Design fees
• Schedules
• Personal compatibility
• Once an agreement has been reached
• A preliminary contract is signed to begin design
  work
• Ideas are exchanged

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The Client

• Usually have pictures they have collected over
  the years
• Helpful in planning for the needs and lifestyle
  of the family
• Usually complete a questionnaire or survey for
  the designer
• Helpful in planning for the wants of the family

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Important Design Considerations

• Number of people living in the house
• Ages and sex of children
• Future plans to add onto dwelling
• List of family activities to be done in home
• Entertainment habits

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Important Design Considerations

• Desired number of bedrooms bathrooms
• Kitchen appliances desired
• How long are they planning to live in house
• Any residents or potential guests with
  disabilities
• Budget requirements for home
• The style of the home

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Client List

• Minimum number of rooms
• Usually list what types of rooms are desired
• Minimum size of each room
• Minimum room sizes are more helpful than terms
  like big
• Expected furnishing for each room
• Helps the designer when planning the layout and
  size of rooms so that the room will be
  proportionate to the furniture needs
• Wish list item
• Items that they family would like to have if the
  budget allows, but could be eliminated if the
  budget requires

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Bubble Diagrams

• Freehand sketches used to help determine room
  location and relationships
• Help to integrate the living, sleeping and
  service area and movement between the areas

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The Living Area
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What is it?

• Rooms where family and friends will spend most of
  their leisure time
• Rooms considered are
• Living Room
• Dining Room
• Family Rooms (den)
• Should be clustered together near entries to
  allow easy access for guest

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Types of Living Area Plans

• Open Plan
• Walls do not totally divide rooms of an area
• Living Room, Dining Room and Foyer/Entrance
• Can use rugs, furniture, folding doors or glass
  walls to separate rooms

• Closed Plan
• Rooms are completely seperated from other rooms
  by the use of walls
• Can gain access through doors, arches or small
  openings in a partition
• Found in older homes

• Combined Plan
• uses both open and closed plan features to create
  a unique floor plan

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Entries

• Transition point between areas of the home
• Should have at least 2 points of entry
• Main entry-to welcome guests to the home
• Service entry-used by family for access to
  garage, yard or service areas

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Main Entry

• Provides outside focal point to draw attention to
  the front door and as a hub for traffic to living
  areas
• Raised ceilings are the most common way of
  accenting the front door
• Should be proportional to the entire structure
• Should be made of compatible materials

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Main Entry

• Size is determined by the number of doors and
  their size
• Usually at least 3 wide and 68 tall
• Can be wider and taller
• Must provide protection from the weather
• Direct sunlight, rain, snow, wind, etc
• Usually provide a covered access to home

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Foyer

• Create a warm, inviting feeling
• Enhance traffic control
• Main entry should open into a foyer rather than
  directly into a living area
• Should provide access to
• coat closet
• Each area of the home
• Hallways, stairways, doorways
• Sizes
• Small home 48 wide
• Medium home 6x6still rather small
• Larger home 8x12
• Height should be proporinate to width

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Service Entry

• Links the garage, kitchen, utility room,
  bathrooms, patios and decks
• Usually guest only use the main entry and the
  family uses the service entry
• If room allows, the service entry may be a mudroom

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Living Room

• The center of the living area
• Points to consider in designing
• Function
• Location
• Decoration
• Size and shape of furniture
• Shape of the room
• Number of people
• Money available for the project

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Living Room

• Should be placed near the entry so that guests do
  not have to walk through the entire house to get
  to LR.
• Should be accessible from all of the other rooms
  in the house without having to pass through the
  LR.

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Living Room-Size

• Rectangular rooms are easier to plan furniture
  placement.
• Minimum size 12 x 14
• Common size 13 x 18
• Plan for a 9 diameter primary seating area that
  will have a good view or focal point.

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Family Room

• Most used area of the entire house.
• Watching TV
• Entertaining
• Playing games
• Eating, etc

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Family Room

• Should be separate from the LR but close for easy
  access to LR and Dining Room (DR).
• Should be placed near the Kitchen (K)

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Family Room-Size

• Points to consider
• Type of entertainment
• Type/size of furniture
• Family wants needs
• Minimum size 13x 16

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Dining Room

• Should be placed near the kitchen for ease of
  serving
• You should have no DIRECT view to work areas of
  the kitchen.
• Usually placed between the LR and K or on a
  corner between the two.

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Dining Room-Size

• Small 9 x 11 (if it opens to another area)
• Seats 4-6 people
• Small storage hutch
• Formal 11 x 14
• Seats 8-12 people
• Hutch or china cabinet

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Dining Room

• You must have a minimum of 32 inches from the
  edge of the table to any wall or furniture.
• You must have a minimum of 42 inches to allow
  room to walk around the table when a chair is
  occupied.

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Nook

• It is the breakfast/eating area that a family can
  use.
• It is usually located in or near the kitchen.

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Den/Study/Office

• A room for quiet study or reading.
• It could be a spare bedroom.
• The size depends on the use of the space.
• If the office is a real office, there should be
  a separate entry from the exterior of the home.

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Home Theaters

• Custom-designed rooms that allow a family to
  entertain themselves and guest while watching
  movies in a high quality atmosphere.
• Must consider
• Type/size of screen media
• Number of viewers (usually 8-12)
• Type of seating
• Snack/food facilities

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Sleeping Areas
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Sleeping Areas-Introduction

• How to decide how many bedrooms
• Age of children
• Sex of children
• Number of children
• It is ideal to have 1 bedroom per child
• Rooms for sleep, relaxation, study, storage and
  dressing
• Place bedrooms away from the LR and Service Areas
  of a house and out of normal traffic flow.
• Minimum of 2 bedrooms per house (more increased
  the value of a home)
• Common3 or 4 bedrooms (one can be a guest room)

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Bedroom Placement

• Together all of the bedrooms are placed at one
  end/side of the home.
• Kids/Adults the kids bedrooms are placed on
  one end/side and the adults
• bedrooms are placed on the other.
• Must have access to hallway for privacy, needs to
  be near a bathroom

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Bedrooms

• Southeast or Northern side placement
• In 2 level homes, BR are usually on the 2nd
  floor.
• All bedrooms must have an emergency egress.
• Plan to have 2 walls that could be used for bed
  placement.

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Bedroom-Sizes

• Size varies depending on age of person and type
  of furniture used
• IRC requires 70 sq. ft.
• FHA loans require 100 sq. ft.
• Should have minimum room for
• Single bed
• Bedside table
• Dresser

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Bedrooms

• You should have 24 inches on each side of the bed
  for walking space.
• You should have 36 inches of space between a
  dresser and any other obstacle.
• Remember the dresser drawers must open
• Common size is 12 x 14 plus additional space
  for a closet.

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Master Bedroom

• Provides space for sleeping, sitting and a
  bathroom.
• Minimum space for
• Queen/King sized bed
• Sitting Area
• Minimum 12 x 14 (plus closet space)
• Spacious 13 x 16 (plus sitting area)

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Closets

• Building codes do NOT require closets.
• FHA recommends
• Minimum 48 inches for males
• Minimum 72 inches for females
• 6 feet is a practical minimal for resale value.
• Depth minimum 24 inches

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Service Areas
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Service Areas

• Bathroom
• Kitchen
• Utility Rooms
• Garage
• Try to keep them as close together as possible
  because of plumbing use/cost

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Bathrooms

• If there is only 1, if should be easily accessed
  from the living and sleeping areas.
• You should not have to pass through a living or
  sleeping area to get to the bathroom.
• Windows around a bathtub must be tempered glass.

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Bathrooms

• Half-Bath
• Sink and Toilet
• Three-Quarter Bath
• Sink, Toilet and Shower
• Full Bath
• Sink, Toilet, Shower/Tub Combination
• Suite
• All of the full bath features, but a separate tub
  and shower

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Bathrooms

• The style of the house affects the number of
  bathrooms.
• 1 story house 1 full bathroom for Master Bedroom
  and 1 full bathroom for the rest of the house.
• 2 story house 2 full bathrooms upstairs and a
  minimum of a half-bath downstairs.
• Multi-level house full bathroom on each level
  with a bedroom and a minimum of a half bath of
  all floors with living areas.

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Kitchen

• Used for meal preparation, eating, working and
  laundry service
• Needs to be close to the Dining Room, Family
  Room, Utility Room, Garage or Carport.
• Do not place it on the southwest corner of the
  house because it may cause it to be too hot.
• Usually provide a window and placement for a view
  of outdoor play areas.

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Kitchen Work Areas

• The greatest challenge for kitchens is an
  effective, efficient layout.
• Storage Areas
• Preparation Areas
• Cleaning Areas

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Storage Area

• Refrigerator
• Freezer (can be in the laundry room or garage)
• Cabinets for food and utensil storage
• Base Cabinets/Pantry unit minimum 24wide
• Upper Cabinets minimum 12 deep
• Counter Space beside refrigerator minimum 18

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Preparation Areas

• Clear Countertop Space
• Counter should be near the storage area, sink and
  cooking area with a minimum of 48 of space at
  least 18 wide (deep).

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Preparation Areas

• Cooking Units
• Stove
• Microwave
• Minimum of 18 on each side of the stove to
  prevent burns and provide storage.

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Cleaning Center

• Sink (should be centrally located with the
  cabinets)
• Use a double sink vs. a single sink
• 32 x 21- standard size
• Garbage Disposal
• Can only be used if connected to a public sewer
  to help get rid of wet garbage
• Can not use with private septic tank
• Dishwasher
• Can be on either side of the sink
• Minimum counter space of 36 for dirty dish
  storage
• Minimum counter space of 24-30 for clean dish
  storage

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The Work Triangle

• It outlines the space between work areas.
• Guidelines for efficient design
• Always place work space between each work station
  of the triangle.
• No side of the triangle should be less than 4 or
  more than 7.
• The sum of all sides must be at least 15 but no
  more than 22.
• Arrange the room around the kitchen do that
  traffic does not pass through the kitchen to get
  to other areas.

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Straight Kitchen

• Ideal for a very small space.
• Usually in a small apartment, in-law unit or
  recreation room
• Very limited counter and cabinet space
• You can increase storage/counter space by using a
  mobile cart

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Corridor/Galley Kitchen

• All of the cabinets are on 2 parallel walls.
• Offers convenient storage and ample counterspace
  in a small area.
• Ideal in small home, but not large because of
  traffic flow restrictions.
• Usually placed between 2 living areas.
• Minimizes walking distance between areas.
• Minimum 48 between counter faces.
• Usually 54-64 works so 2 people can work at
  once.

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L-Shape Kitchen

• Can be used in small and large kitchens
• Can lose its efficiency if it gets too big.
• Cabinets are placed on 2 adjacent walls with 2
  workstations on one wall and the 3rd station on
  the other wall.
• Helps with traffic flow and is well suited to use
  with great rooms.

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U-Shape Kitchens

• Efficient layout with easy access between work
  stations.
• Helps with traffic flow, unless a door is on a
  wall.
• Ideal for a large kitchen, but corner cabinets
  can make it difficult for storage (to solve use a
  lazy susan)
• Minimum 60 between cabinet faces as it increases
  the available space for an island or peninsula.

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Peninsula Kitchens

• Ample cabinet and workspace by adding a leg to a
  L-Shape or U-Shape kitchen
• This space can be used for a desk, work center,
  food bar, etc.

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Island Kitchen

• Can be added to any kitchen style
• Provides additional work/counter space
• Could have the range or cooktop on it
• Minimum 42 between island and countertops
• Minimum 48 if a range is used

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Counter Cabinet Sizes

• Standard height 36
• Can be customized for physical needs of the
  family
• Remember not to vary too much because of resale
  value
• Standard width 12-18

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Flow Between Interior Exterior

• Courtyard exterior space that is grade level
  and is enclosed on three of more sides by walls
  or a building.
• Patio ground-level exterior area made of
  concrete, stone, brick or treated wood.
• Deck elevated exterior floor that is supported
  on at least 2 opposing sides by a structure or
  post.
• Balcony above-ground deck that projects from a
  wall or building with no additional supports.

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Universal Accessibility

• Americans with Disabilities Act (1997)
• Exterior Access
• Level site for parking
• Paved walkway from parking to main entry
• Interior Access
• Doors should have 32 clear opening
• Hallways should have 42 but 48 would be better
• Area 60 square will allow a 360 degree turn in a
  wheelchair