The principle of unit loads

1
The principle of unit loads
Goods should be kept together in form of a
transport unit adapted to all present vehicles
and handling equipment. The unit should be formed
as early as possible and be broken as late as
possible in the material flow. Preferably should
be formed at the consignor s, ad broken at the
consignee s.
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Unit loads

• Unit loads are parts of a shipment that can be
  treated as a single unit during cargo handling
  and transportation.
• The size or dimensions of the unit load can vary
  according to requirements and to the means of
  transport and packaging container available.
• To optimize the cargo handling, transport and
  storage processes, standardization of unit loads
  is desirable.
• The most common unit loads are pallets and
  components with bases that resemble pallets, such
  as pallet, etc.
• The most important properties of a unit load are
  that it can be loaded to ensure a tight fit, its
  modularity and its stability, the last of which
  ensures that it can be stowed safely and will not
  be damaged by load securing measures.

3
Characteristics of an unit load

• Large as possible
• Formed as early as possible
• Broken as late as possible
• Be stable and rough
• Be able to be handled by all equipment in the
  transport chain

4
Benefits of using unit loads

• Simpler, faster and cheaper trans-shipments
  between transport modes
• Reduced terminal times for vehicles leading to
  better resource utilisation
• Less goods damage and costs for wrapping
• Easier to choose load unit type
• Easier document handling

5
Costs of using unit loads

• Need for technical adaptation
• Need for larger and more costly transhipment
  equipment
• Economies of scale cause less flexibility
• Extra costs for unit loads and empty positioning

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Recommended maximum weights for manual handling
7
Handling costs with differenthandling methods
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Attività della movimentazione
9
Full loads, part loads, general cargo and parcels
simple operations low entry barrier more
difficult operations often with general
cargo consolidation in terminals requires a
network large economies of scale speed is
essential
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Unit loads
Container Container capacities are stated in
terms of twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU). Swap
body Semi-trailer Roll-on frame
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The module of 600x400 mm
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The modular design of the pallet system
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Moving floor to allow external sequence loading
(Moving deck)
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Container variants
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ISOcontainer