Title: The Reproductive and Genetic Revolution: THE ETHICS OF
1The Reproductive and Genetic RevolutionTHE
ETHICS OF A TECHNOPOLY
2 Religion Art Family
TECHNOPOLY
TOTALITARIAN TECHNOCRACY
Politics History Truth
Privacy Intelligence
3DEHUMANIZED
BRAVE NEW WORLD
UTOPIA
4Humanity has reached a turning point in dealing
with the results of the alienation of the
product from its producer at personal and social
levels.
5narcissistic sense of freedom
TECHNOPOLY-DICTATED CULTURAL MOVEMENTS
Deist or Nietzchean View of God
6- Human Cloning
- Genetic Engineering
- Ectogenesis
- Artificial Sperm
- Ovarian Banking and Transplant
7Part One Human Cloning
8Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
ASEXUAL
AGAMIC
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24ALL HUMAN CLONING IS REPRODUCTIVE
- NO HUMAN CLONING IS THERAPEUTIC
25PARTHENOGENESIS
- Unfertilized, immature oocytes are placed in a
mix of chemicals known to prompt cell division - Chemicals and elements in the cytoplasm of the
egg join up to mimic the fertilizing action of a
normal sperm - The inner cell mass cells are isolated from the
trophoblast tissue and are subject to culturing
process to form pluripotent stem cell lines - Tissue transplants
26The Ethics of SCNT Parthenogenesis
27The life of innocent human beings is inviolable.
28Every human being is an individual with a
concomitant right to his or her own unique
genotype, identity and a life never before lived.
29Every human being is an end to be loved not a
means to be used for anothers end.
30Every human being is of equal value to every
other human.
31Every human being is sexual by nature and the
capacity to reproduce sexually is a basic human
need and is integral to human dignity.
32Every human being has the right to be conceived,
gestated, and brought up within marriage, that
is, within a family.
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34The vocation of biomedical technologists and
researchers is to serve the needs of man and of
human society.
35Debate on the issue of therapeutic cloning and
whether it ought to be legalized, if it is going
to be ethical debate, ought to be honest and
transparent.
36Part Two Genetic Engineering
37Somatic Gene Therapy
- Effective in treating single- gene defects
- Some progress in cancer treatments, growth of
new blood vessels, and in treating SCID
38BONE MARROW
GENE-BEARING VIRUS
GENETICALLY ALTERED STEM CELLS
STEM CELLS ISOLATED
39Ethics of Somatic Cell Genetic Therapy
- If it could be safely executed in utero, the
technology could be moral. - If somatic cell therapy is done post-natally, as
in the SCID therapies, and uses non-embryonic
stem cells, it is also ethical research and it
also fulfills the true goal of biomedical
research - Somatic cell genetic enhancement could be unjust
if it would require large amounts of health care
resources for non-therapeutic enhancement
40Germline Genetic Engineering
- Like vaccinations
- Dont stop with the patient
- Involves the direct manipulation of genetic
material in germline cells - Altered genome will be inherited by all
succeeding generations
41Ethics of Germline Genetic Engineering
- Assaults human dignity, moral health of society
- Directly attacks human life
- Commodifies the human being
- Pressures parents to design their children
- Easily driven by eugenics
- Deprives the patient of giving his or her consent
- Risks unknown debilitating factors
- Co-opts the creation of human lifeGods work
- Misconceives the nature of science and research
42Part Three Ectogenesis
43Ectogenesis
- Endometrial biopsy
- Disassociate cells
- Seed cells
- Add insulin, growth
- factors and hormones
- Co-culture embryos
Hung-Ching Liu, PhD Center for Reproductive Medici
ne and Infertility Cornell University
44Ethics of External Wombs
- Not intrinsically evil
- If used before it was proven safe or to study the
mechanisms of human implantation, it would be
immoral - If used as an incubator, it could be moral
45Ethics of External Wombs
- If used to replace in vivo gestation, or to avoid
stretch marks, it would be immoral - If it encourages and extends the externalization
and commodification of conception, gestation, and
birth, it has the propensity for immoral use - If this research produced endometrial tissue
transplants that did not involve co-cultured
human embryos, ESCs or cloning, it could be moral.
46Part Four Artificial Sperm
47ARTIFICIAL
48Artificial Sperm
- Take female somatic cells from one woman
- Submit them, in vitro, to artificial
haploidization - Haploid (or artificial sperm) fertilizes a mature
human oocyte
49Ethics of Artificial Sperm
- Every human being is sexual and to reproduce
sexually is a basic human good - Every new human being is a gift
- Purpose of science serve the individual and
common good
50Part Five Ovarian Banking and Transplant
51OVARIAN BANKING AND TRANSPLANT
52Ovarian Banking and Transplant
- Freezing the whole organ
- One group of rats received frozen/thawed ovaries
another group fresh ovarian transplants - 10 weeks post-transplant, blood tested for FSH
and estradiol-17B - Ovaries prepared for histology to assess ovarian
follicle reserves
53The lab rats which had been transplanted with
frozen/thawed ovaries had normal numbers of
ovarian follicles including graafian stages.,
54One of 7 animals which received frozen/thawed
ovaries was pregnant with two healthy fetuses
implanted on either side of the uterine
anastomosis
55Ethics of Ovarian Banking Transplantation
- Not immoral in and of itself
- For woman undergoing sterilizing chemo, it is
morally good - For woman with gene for premature menopause,
could be morally good - For woman who would have her ovaries removed and
banked for a rainy day, it would be immoral.
56The Reproductive and Genetic RevolutionTHE
ETHICS OF A TECHNOPOLY
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