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The Reproductive and Genetic Revolution: THE ETHICS OF

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Title: The Reproductive and Genetic Revolution: THE ETHICS OF


1
The Reproductive and Genetic RevolutionTHE
ETHICS OF A TECHNOPOLY
2
Religion Art Family
TECHNOPOLY
TOTALITARIAN TECHNOCRACY
Politics History Truth
Privacy Intelligence
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DEHUMANIZED
BRAVE NEW WORLD
UTOPIA
4
Humanity has reached a turning point in dealing
with the results of the alienation of the
product from its producer at personal and social
levels.
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narcissistic sense of freedom
TECHNOPOLY-DICTATED CULTURAL MOVEMENTS
Deist or Nietzchean View of God
6
  • Human Cloning
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Ectogenesis
  • Artificial Sperm
  • Ovarian Banking and Transplant

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Part One Human Cloning
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Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
ASEXUAL
AGAMIC
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ALL HUMAN CLONING IS REPRODUCTIVE
  • NO HUMAN CLONING IS THERAPEUTIC

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PARTHENOGENESIS
  • Unfertilized, immature oocytes are placed in a
    mix of chemicals known to prompt cell division
  • Chemicals and elements in the cytoplasm of the
    egg join up to mimic the fertilizing action of a
    normal sperm
  • The inner cell mass cells are isolated from the
    trophoblast tissue and are subject to culturing
    process to form pluripotent stem cell lines
  • Tissue transplants

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The Ethics of SCNT Parthenogenesis
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The life of innocent human beings is inviolable.
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Every human being is an individual with a
concomitant right to his or her own unique
genotype, identity and a life never before lived.
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Every human being is an end to be loved not a
means to be used for anothers end.
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Every human being is of equal value to every
other human.
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Every human being is sexual by nature and the
capacity to reproduce sexually is a basic human
need and is integral to human dignity.
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Every human being has the right to be conceived,
gestated, and brought up within marriage, that
is, within a family.
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The vocation of biomedical technologists and
researchers is to serve the needs of man and of
human society.
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Debate on the issue of therapeutic cloning and
whether it ought to be legalized, if it is going
to be ethical debate, ought to be honest and
transparent.
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Part Two Genetic Engineering
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Somatic Gene Therapy
  • Effective in treating single- gene defects
  • Some progress in cancer treatments, growth of
    new blood vessels, and in treating SCID

38
BONE MARROW
GENE-BEARING VIRUS
GENETICALLY ALTERED STEM CELLS
STEM CELLS ISOLATED
39
Ethics of Somatic Cell Genetic Therapy
  • If it could be safely executed in utero, the
    technology could be moral.
  • If somatic cell therapy is done post-natally, as
    in the SCID therapies, and uses non-embryonic
    stem cells, it is also ethical research and it
    also fulfills the true goal of biomedical
    research
  • Somatic cell genetic enhancement could be unjust
    if it would require large amounts of health care
    resources for non-therapeutic enhancement

40
Germline Genetic Engineering
  • Like vaccinations
  • Dont stop with the patient
  • Involves the direct manipulation of genetic
    material in germline cells
  • Altered genome will be inherited by all
    succeeding generations

41
Ethics of Germline Genetic Engineering
  • Assaults human dignity, moral health of society
  • Directly attacks human life
  • Commodifies the human being
  • Pressures parents to design their children
  • Easily driven by eugenics
  • Deprives the patient of giving his or her consent
  • Risks unknown debilitating factors
  • Co-opts the creation of human lifeGods work
  • Misconceives the nature of science and research

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Part Three Ectogenesis
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Ectogenesis
  • Endometrial biopsy
  • Disassociate cells
  • Seed cells
  • Add insulin, growth
  • factors and hormones
  • Co-culture embryos

Hung-Ching Liu, PhD Center for Reproductive Medici
ne and Infertility Cornell University
44
Ethics of External Wombs
  • Not intrinsically evil
  • If used before it was proven safe or to study the
    mechanisms of human implantation, it would be
    immoral
  • If used as an incubator, it could be moral

45
Ethics of External Wombs
  • If used to replace in vivo gestation, or to avoid
    stretch marks, it would be immoral
  • If it encourages and extends the externalization
    and commodification of conception, gestation, and
    birth, it has the propensity for immoral use
  • If this research produced endometrial tissue
    transplants that did not involve co-cultured
    human embryos, ESCs or cloning, it could be moral.

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Part Four Artificial Sperm
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ARTIFICIAL
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Artificial Sperm
  • Take female somatic cells from one woman
  • Submit them, in vitro, to artificial
    haploidization
  • Haploid (or artificial sperm) fertilizes a mature
    human oocyte

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Ethics of Artificial Sperm
  • Every human being is sexual and to reproduce
    sexually is a basic human good
  • Every new human being is a gift
  • Purpose of science serve the individual and
    common good

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Part Five Ovarian Banking and Transplant
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OVARIAN BANKING AND TRANSPLANT
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Ovarian Banking and Transplant
  • Freezing the whole organ
  • One group of rats received frozen/thawed ovaries
    another group fresh ovarian transplants
  • 10 weeks post-transplant, blood tested for FSH
    and estradiol-17B
  • Ovaries prepared for histology to assess ovarian
    follicle reserves

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The lab rats which had been transplanted with
frozen/thawed ovaries had normal numbers of
ovarian follicles including graafian stages.,
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One of 7 animals which received frozen/thawed
ovaries was pregnant with two healthy fetuses
implanted on either side of the uterine
anastomosis
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Ethics of Ovarian Banking Transplantation
  • Not immoral in and of itself
  • For woman undergoing sterilizing chemo, it is
    morally good
  • For woman with gene for premature menopause,
    could be morally good
  • For woman who would have her ovaries removed and
    banked for a rainy day, it would be immoral.

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The Reproductive and Genetic RevolutionTHE
ETHICS OF A TECHNOPOLY
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