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Title: NEW CHAPTER


1
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Ecosystems and Biomes
Matter and energy together support life within an
environment.
12.1
Ecosystems support life.
12.2
Matter cycles through ecosystems.
12.3
Energy flows through ecosystems.
12.4
Biomes contain many ecosystems.
2
Ecosystems support life.
12.1
Ecosystems are made up of living things (biotic)
and nonliving things (abiotic).
ecology
ecosystem
Biotic
biotic factor
abiotic factor
Abiotic
CHAPTER RESOURCES
SECTION OUTLINE
3
ecology
12.1
Ecosystems support life.
ecology
ecosystem
biotic factor
The scientific study of how living things
interact with each other and their environment.
abiotic factor
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
4
ecosystem
12.1
Ecosystems support life.
ecology
ecosystem
biotic factor
All the living and nonliving things that interact
in a particular environment an ecosystem can be
as small as a meadow or a swamp, or as large as a
forest or a desert.
abiotic factor
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
5
biotic factor
12.1
Ecosystems support life.
ecology
ecosystem
biotic factor
The living things in an ecosystem.
abiotic factor
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
6
abiotic factor
12.1
Ecosystems support life.
ecology
ecosystem
biotic factor
The nonliving physical and chemical parts of an
ecosystem.
abiotic factor
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
7
Matter cycles through ecosystems.
12.2
Water, carbon, and nitrogen are materials that
are necessary for life. They move through
ecosystems in continuous cycles.
cycle
water cycle
carbon cycle
nitrogen cycle
CHAPTER RESOURCES
SECTION OUTLINE
8
cycle
12.2
Matter cycles through ecosystems.
cycle
water cycle
carbon cycle
n. A series of events or actions that repeat
regularly a continual physical and/or chemical
process in which one material continually changes
locations and/or forms, for example, the water
cycle, the carbon cycle, and the rock cycle.
nitrogen cycle
v. To move through a repeating series of events
or actions.
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
9
water cycle
12.2
Matter cycles through ecosystems.
cycle
water cycle
carbon cycle
The continuous movement of water through Earth,
its atmosphere, and the living things on Earth.
nitrogen cycle
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
10
carbon cycle
12.2
Matter cycles through ecosystems.
cycle
water cycle
carbon cycle
The continuous movement of carbon through Earth,
its atmosphere, and the living things on Earth.
nitrogen cycle
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
11
nitrogen cycle
12.2
Matter cycles through ecosystems.
cycle
water cycle
carbon cycle
The continuous movement of nitrogen through
Earth, its atmosphere, and the living things on
Earth.
nitrogen cycle
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
12
Energy flows through ecosystems.
12.3
Producers are the basis of feeding relationships
in ecosystems.
producer
consumer
decomposer
food chain
food web
energy pyramid
CHAPTER RESOURCES
Food chains and food webs help show how energy
moves through living things.
SECTION OUTLINE
13
producer
12.3
Energy flows through ecosystems.
producer
consumer
decomposer
An organism in a food chain that captures light
or chemical energy from the environment and
stores it as chemical energy in food producers
are also called autotrophs.
food chain
food web
energy pyramid
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
14
consumer
12.3
Energy flows through ecosystems.
producer
consumer
decomposer
A living thing that gets its energy by eating
other living things in a food chain consumers
are also called heterotrophs.
food chain
food web
energy pyramid
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15
decomposer
12.3
Energy flows through ecosystems.
producer
consumer
decomposer
A living thing that gets its energy by breaking
down the remains of living things that have died
examples include bacteria and fungi.
food chain
food web
energy pyramid
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
16
food chain
12.3
Energy flows through ecosystems.
producer
consumer
decomposer
A model used to show the feeding relationship
between a single producer and a chain of
consumers in an ecosystem in a typical food
chain, a plant is the producer that is eaten by a
consumer such as an insect, then the insect is
eaten by a second consumer such as a bird.
food chain
food web
energy pyramid
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
17
food web
12.3
Energy flows through ecosystems.
producer
consumer
decomposer
A model used to show a feeding relationship in
which many food chains overlap in an ecosystem.
food chain
food web
energy pyramid
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
18
energy pyramid
12.3
Energy flows through ecosystems.
producer
consumer
decomposer
A model used to show the amount of energy
available to living things in an ecosystem.
food chain
food web
energy pyramid
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
19
Biomes contain many ecosystems.
12.4
Ecosystems of land biomes
biome
  • are affected by climate

coniferous
  • are affected by conditions of the soil

deciduous
  • are characterized by types of plants

estuary
CHAPTER RESOURCES
SECTION OUTLINE
20
Biomes contain many ecosystems.
12.4
Ecosystems of water biomes
biome
  • can be freshwater or saltwater

coniferous
  • are affected by landscape if freshwater

deciduous
  • are affected by depth if marine

estuary
CHAPTER RESOURCES
SECTION OUTLINE
21
biome
12.4
Biomes contain many ecosystems.
biome
coniferous
deciduous
A region of Earth that has a particular climate
and certain types of plants examples are tundra,
taiga, desert, grassland, temperate and tropical
forests.
estuary
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
22
coniferous
12.4
Biomes contain many ecosystems.
biome
coniferous
deciduous
A term used to describe cone-bearing trees and
shrubs that usually keep their leaves or needles
during all year examples are pine, fir, and
spruce trees.
estuary
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
23
deciduous
12.4
Biomes contain many ecosystems.
biome
coniferous
deciduous
A term used to describe trees and shrubs that
drop their leaves when winter comes examples are
maple, oak, and birch trees.
estuary
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
24
estuary
12.4
Biomes contain many ecosystems.
biome
coniferous
deciduous
The lower end of a river where it meets the ocean
and fresh and salt waters mix.
estuary
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
25
12.1
Ecosystems support life.
I. Ecosystems support life.
ecology
A. Living things depend on the environment.
ecosystem
B. Biotic factors interact with an ecosystem.
biotic factor
C. Many abiotic factors affect ecosystems.
abiotic factor
1. Temperature
2. Light
3. Soil
4. Water
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
26
12.2
Matter cycles through ecosystems.
II. Matter cycles through ecosystems.
cycle
A. All ecosystems need certain materials.
water cycle
B. Water cycles through ecosystems.
carbon cycle
C. Carbon cycles through ecosystems.
nitrogen cycle
D. Nitrogen cycles through ecosystems.
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
27
12.3
Energy flows through ecosystems.
III. Energy flows through ecosystems.
producer
A. Living things capture and release energy.
consumer
1. Producers
decomposer
2. Consumers
food chain
3. Decomposers
food web
B. Models help explain feeding relationships.
energy pyramid
1. Food Chain
2. Food Web
C. Available energy decreases as it moves through
an ecosystem.
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
28
12.4
Biomes contain many ecosystems.
IV. Biomes contain many ecosystems.
biome
A. Regions of Earth are classified into biomes.
coniferous
1. Taiga and Tundra
deciduous
2. Desert and Grassland
estuary
3. Temperate Forest and Tropical Forest
B. Water covers most of Earths surface.
1. Freshwater Biomes
2. Marine Biomes
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
29
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30
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