Title: You will not be responsible for Specialized transduction in the textbook, but will be responsible fo
1Bacterial Genetics You will not be responsible
for Specialized transduction in the textbook,
but will be responsible for the basics steps of
Genetic Engineering from the textbook. The
Bacterial Chromosome Basic structure DNA
double helix Replication Plasmids
DNA replication
2 How do bacteria obtain new traits? Spontaneous
mutation -- or experimentally induced From
other cells Genetic recombination How is
knowledge of bacterial mutation and recombination
important? Evolution Antibiotic
resistance Genetic engineering
Transduction
3Genetic mutation Genetic mutations are changes
to the genetic code Examples of
mutations base substitution chemical
alterations deletions -- cause shift in
reading frame Causes of mutations mutagens
chemicals UV light ionizing radiation
4Mutations and evolution of bacteria Do all
mutations lead to beneficial changes? No! Do
mutations create beneficial changes in response
to specific environment stresses? No! Will a
beneficial mutation always spread through a
population? No! so then why do bacteria
evolve new traits so quickly?
5Bacterial Genetic Recombination Processes by
which bacterial genes from other
organisms Three recombinational
processes 1) Transformation 2)
Conjugation 3) Transduction
6Transformation Griffith Avery Studies Gene
sources Competent cells
Transformation-1
Transformation-2
7Transduction Transfer mediated By virus Not
responsible for Specialized transduction
Transduction
8Conjugation Genes carried on a F-plasmid
Process of conjugation Loss of F
phenotype Plasmids can carry other
genes R-plasmids Virulence plasmids Other
nonessential traits
Conjugation
9Hfr mediated conjugation High frequency of
recombination Plasmid integration Consequences
Hfr Conjugation
10Bacteria in Biotechnology You will be
responsible for the steps of Genetic Engineering
from the textbook Role of plasmids Cloning
of useful genes Bacterial drug
factories Bio-engineering of other organisms
Gene Cloning