Toward a sustainable aquaculture development in Mediterranean: challenges and responsesby the Genera

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Toward a sustainable aquaculture development in
Mediterranean challenges and responses by the
General Fisheries Commission for the
Mediterranean - Committee on Aquaculture
(GFCM/CAQ).

• F.RENE CAC/CGPM 1er vice president

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World aquaculture challenges to serve the human
society

• Humanity food supply
• Aquaculture assumes increasingly important role
• From the vanishing over-exploited fisheries,
  the last neolithic exploitation of wild space, to
  the sustainable aquaculture development

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Evolution catch for of 3 fish speciesHake,Whitin
g and Cod
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The Seafood Deficit
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1b. AQUACULTURE Méditerranean key data
Annual growth rate 1990 -2000 7,1
( 25,7 for fishes)
Riparian population 133 Millions
(1985) 200 Millions (prévisions
2025) Tourisme 1 World océans 30 World
tourist (Ière région) 180 Millions (1985)
340 Millions ( prévisions 2025)
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1c. Sea bass and Sea bream production from 1984
to 2002
1988
1992
1996
2002
1984
FAO 2003
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FAO Projections

• Projected world supply and demand for food
• and feed fish at constant relative prices

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 Mare nostrum an share space between EU and
southern riparian contries

• GFCM/CAQ A commun plateform to agree on
  nescessairly commun standarts and rules in
  aquaculture developement in a  de facto  unique
  market
• Since 2007 the mediterranean aquaculture
  production (1 .1 million tons) have overpass
  mediterranean fisheries landings ( 1 million
  tons)!

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The context a zone of conflict between space
users

• An apparent free space
• Under a more and more acute human pressure
• Conflicting social and legal legitimities
• -Fisheries
• -Aquaculture
• -Touristic activites
• -Environementalist pressure
• -Individualism evolution NIMBY phenomena

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The Market segmentation aquaculture products
image facing wild capture
P. Paquotte - OFIMER
From P. Paquotte
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Facing our responsabilities

• Competing image between wild and cultivated
  products
• Between a mythic, healthy, free of charge
  production of the holy garden The wild open sea
  product,
• And the fruits of man labour fired out of the
  paradise The aquaculture products

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For aquaculture sustainable development 5 major
bottlenecks

• World shortage of fish oil in short term and fish
  meal in medium term,
• Access to fresh space and water
• Sanitary safety and zoonose psychosis,
• Rise of energy cost,
• Depreciated image of aquaculture products
  compared to products from the wild

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Facing our responsabilities

• Three phasis of the aquaculture development
• Initially Mastery of life cycle control
• the biologist is the key person
• The second phase rationalisation and production
  development, the manager/producer is the key
  person
• The actual phase access to site and market,
• the Society Acceptation is the keyfactor.

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Sustainable aquaculture development
RESPONSiBiLiLITY
Biosphere
Human Sphere
economics
Aqua culture
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Sustainable feed nutrition . Research on MARINE
MICRO ALGUAL-CULTURE A NEW OPPORTUNITY FOR
FISH NUTRITION
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Numbers of potential canditates
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In 1992 CAC/GFCM created 4 Networks on

• Socio-Economic and Legal Aspects of Aquaculture
  in the Mediterranean (SELAM)
• Technical Aspects for Promotion of Aquaculture in
  the Mediterranean (TECAM)
• Environment and Aquaculture in the Mediterranean
  (EAM)
• Information system for the promotion of
  aquaculture in the Mediterranean (SIPAM)
• Since 2000,execpt the SIPAM network only few
  activities were undertaken.

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CAC/GFCM 2006 evolution

• The evolution of aquaculture lead CAC/GFCM to
  move toward more operational actions.
• From permanents networks tools dealing with
  specific aquaculture  discipline ,
• to ad-hoc non permanent expert group meeting set
  up at the request and focusing on specific and
  up to date urgent problematic issue
• From the most urgent issues to analysis
  conducting to specific actions and tools!

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Coordinating Meeting of the Working Groups (CMWG)

• During the last GFCM Committee on Aquaculture
  (CAQ) session held in Santiago de Compostela
  (Spain) last June,
• the Committee established the Coordinating
  Meeting of the Working Groups (CMWG) as a
  subsidiary body,

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CMWG Mandate

• Propose and/or up-date elements of the work plan
  for the activities of CAQ.
• Promote the participation of suitable expertise
  in the activities of ad hoc Working Groups.
• Identify data and information needs that can be
  handled by SIPAM.
• Appraise the reports of the ad hoc Working
  Groups.
• Function as editing committee for the selection
  of scientific and technical documents (to be
  published in the GFCM Studies and Reviews
  series).
• Conduct any other task specifically requested by
  the Commission or CAQ or approved by consensus by
  the members of CMSC.

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Three ad hoc working groups

• Working Modalities Ad Hoc working groups
  composed by experts appointed by a steering
  committee (nominated by the CAQ). One kick off
  meeting, then communication and interaction
  through the web,
• Instead of EAM, TECAM, SELAM, the CAC/GFCM is now
  establishing
• Three ad hoc working groups, to address the most
  urgent issues in the short term.

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Ad Hoc Working Group on Siting and Carrying
Capacity

• The main issues to be considered by this Working
  Group include
• Integration of aquaculture with other coastal
  management issues.
• Carrying capacity assessment.
• Interaction with current national legal
• frameworks.
• Propose harmonized regional guidelines for
  aquaculture site allocation and management.

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Ad Hoc Working Group on Sustainability

• The main issues to be considered by this
  Working Group include
• Ecosystem (holistic) approach.
• Definition and usage of appropriate indicators
  and monitoring measures.
• Interaction between aquaculture and the
  environment and other activities (e.g. fisheries,
  industry, tourism, transport, nature protection).
• Aquatic animal health and welfare through best
  available practices.
• Bio-security concepts.

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Ad Hoc Working Group on Marketing

• The main issues to be considered by this Working
  Group include
• Fish transportation, commercialization and
  relation between producers - distributors.
• Image of aquaculture as sector and the image of
  aquaculture products as such.
• Market synergies with wild capture fish.

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Synergy with existing projects

• Active participation in the ad hoc working groups
  and formal meetings of the GFCM and CAQ
  (IUCN/FEAP and EVAD project)
• No duplication of efforts!!!!
• Findings of the joint IUCN-FEAP project on
  guidelines and the EU funded (Consensus)
• EVAD project will contribute to the outputs
  expected from the ad hoc working groups.

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Marine aquaculture proposed sustainability
criteras
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Exploitations diagnosis (1/4)Larges entreprises

• Optimisation of pratices and good
  transmissibility
• Poor economic viability,links with market
  dependency.

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Exploitations diagnosis (2/4)Small entreprises

• Non optimised practices.
• Usages conflicts links to the exploitation
  nescessary extention.
• Poor economic viability link with market
  evolution.

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Exploitations diagnosis (3/4)Small entreprises
targeting a niche market

• An economic viability links with a specific
  product well recognise by specific clients.
• Differents objectives between different farmers.

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Exploitations diagnosis (3/4)Small entreprises
targeting a niche label

• Optimum in sustainability?
• The bio label
• A label well adapted to small production
  produced in protected aeras.
• An exemple the 1.6 produceur.