Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor

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Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor

• Mary Renwick, Winrock International
• World Water Forum, Session 2.4.1
• Istanbul, Turkey
• March 2009
• Funding provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates
  Foundation
• Collaborators IRC and IWMI

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Global MUS Assessment
Study Goal inform prospective water sector
investments assess the potential of multiple-use
water services to sustainably meet the water
needs of the poor
Key Findings Strategic investments in
multiple-use services can cost-effectively
maximize poverty impacts of water services while
enhancing sustainability Potential clients over
1 billion people Where rural South Asia and
sub-Saharan Africa How New domestic multiple
use services Upgrading service levels within
existing domestic and irrigation systems
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Multiple Use Services Background
Small-scale Enterprises
Home Gardens
Livestock
Photo Credit IRC
Photo credit Ronald Rospigliosi
Photo credit Charles Batchelor
Domestic uses of Irrigation Systems
Photo credit Menno Houtstra
Photo credit Kande Matungulu
Photo Credit Ronald Loeve
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Research Goal, Questions, and Methods
Methods
Study Goal to help inform prospective
investments in the water sector by assessing the
potential of multiple-use water services to
sustainably meet the water needs of the poor.
Develop a framework for multiple use
servicesdefining service levels

Assess incremental costs, benefits and poverty
impacts
Question 1 What are the incremental costs
and benefits of multiple-use approaches over
single-use approaches?
Evaluate the potential market for multiple use
water services
Question 2 Where do multiple-use
approaches apply and who are the main
beneficiaries?
Identify potential opportunity areas
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Water Service Levels Defined
Highest-level multiple use services
most domestic and productive needs
Level 4
Intermediate-level multiple use services
many domestic and productive needs
Level 3
Basic-level multiple use services
limited domestic and productive needs
Level 2
cc
Basic domestic / basic irrigation
single use either domestic and irrigation
Level 1
No services
Level 0
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Water Service Levels Required to Support
Multiple Uses
Increasing water quantity to support productive
uses
Improving water quality to support domestic uses
Making water availability more reliable to
support non-irrigation uses
Reducing distance between water source and
homestead to support productive uses
Reducing distance to homestead, improving
physical access to canals
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Income Benefits by Service Level Domestic
Average additional per capita annual income
benefits
The largest incremental gains in income are
achieved at the intermediate service level.
Highest level MUS
10
Intermediate level MUS
36
25
For a family of 5, an additional 125-350/year
Basic Domestic
No services
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Poverty Impacts Non Financial Benefits

• Health
• Food security and nutrition
• Diversifying livelihoods and reduced
  vulnerability
• Social equity and empowerment

Photo credit Umgeni Water
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Poverty Impacts Key Findings

• Most rural poor have assets necessary to benefit
  to some extent
• Improved water services enhances productivity of
  these assets
• Communities with higher water service levels have
  more home gardens, livestock and small-scale
  enterprises

Photo credit IRC
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Costs and Benefits New Domestic Services
Highest level MUS
Cost BCR

• Per capita investment costs include software and
  hardware
• Benefit-cost ratios include
• Full Investment costs
• Re-current annual costs (OM, source protection
  and capital maintenance fund)

Intermediate level MUS
Cost BCR
Cost BCR
Basic Domestic
Cost BCR
No services
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Costs and Benefits Upgrading Services
Highest level MUS
Intermediate level MUS
Basic Domestic
No services
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Where Mapping the potential market for
multiple use services
Assess Economic Feasibility of Multiple Use
Services
Assess Potential Client Base Size, Location
Characteristics
Incremental Costs Benefits By Service Level
Technology
Opportunity action areas
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Estimated Rural Populations by Water Service
Levels South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
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Example Mapping Market for New Piped
Domestic Multiple Use Services

Sources JMP, 2004. CIESIN, 2004.

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Example Mapping Market for Upgrading
Irrigation Systems to Support
Multiple Use Services

Sources IWMI, GIAM, 2006. CIESIN,
2004.
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Potential for Multiple Uses Systems across
livelihood zones
44 million households 220 millionpeople 52 of
rural population 3.3 billion USD 4 of total
water investment potential
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Study conclusions

• Multiple use services cost more but generate
  greater income and poverty impacts and offer
  greater potential for sustainability
• Income generation Above 20 lpcd, each
  additional lpcd generates .5-1 per year of
  income.
• Improving services from 20 to 100 lpcd
  translates into an additional 200-400 for
  household of 5
• The potential market for multiple use approaches
  is substantial (gt1 billion)

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Conclusion
THANK YOU!

Report on the internet Multiple Use Water
Services for the Poor Assessing the State of
Knowledge www.winrockwater.org
Interested in more information Mary Renwick
(mrenwick_at_winrock.org)