Interstate Pipeline Gas Quality Primer - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Interstate Pipeline Gas Quality Primer

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Each system developed criteria for specific safety and market requirements ... Understanding the context of quality information is critical for its use ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Interstate Pipeline Gas Quality Primer


1
Interstate Pipeline Gas Quality Primer
  • Business Practices Subcommittee
  • June 15-16, 2004
  • PIPELINE SEGMENT
  • Wholesale Gas Quadrant
  • North American Energy Standards Board

2
OVERVIEW
  • Basis for Gas Quality Specifications
  • Development
  • Criteria
  • Trade-offs
  • Gas Quality Data
  • Collection
  • Availability
  • Usage
  • Gas Quality Specifications/Applicability
  • Components
  • Understanding
  • Conclusions

3
Basis for Gas Quality Specifications
  • Industry Development
  • First pipelines (1920s 1930s) were regional
  • Few pipe-to-pipe deliveries
  • Specific supplies delivered to specific markets
  • Little concern about variations in supply mix
  • Each system developed criteria for specific
    safety and market requirements
  • End-use equipment designed and installed based on
    specific supply availability
  • Subsequent development of pipeline grid
    (1970s-1980s)
  • Additional quality criteria applied to specific
    systems
  • Additional pipe-to-pipe deliveries
  • Minimum coordination of quality specifications at
    interconnects

4
Basis for Gas Quality Specifications
  • Gas quality specifications have been developed
    based on
  • Operational Safety
  • Operational Efficiency
  • Supply availability
  • Market requirements
  • Processing responsibilities
  • Deliberate trade-offs between economics and
    requirements of production, transportation and
    end-use parameters

5
Basis for Gas Quality Specifications
  • Operational Safety
  • Limitations on harmful components
  • H2S highly poisonous
  • Sulfur by-products during combustion
  • Specifications to control damaging properties
  • Water/water vapor content corrosion
  • Oxygen corrosion
  • Carbon Dioxide - corrosion

6
Basis for Gas Quality Specifications
  • Operational Efficiency
  • Btu parameters
  • Throughput capacity
  • Specific Gravity
  • Gas flow efficiency
  • Hydrocarbon Liquefiables
  • Capacity restrictions
  • Inerts
  • Btu impact
  • Emissions concerns

7
Basis for Gas Quality Specifications
  • Gas Quality Trade-offs
  • After assuring safety, other quality criteria
    often established to optimize availability of
    supplies, market requirements and economics

8
Gas Quality Data
  • Gas Quality Data Collection
  • Electronic evaluation (Chromatograph and other
    instrumentation)
  • Relatively expensive
  • Often telemetered
  • May not be operationally feasible (power/radio)
  • Sampling physical evaluation
  • Continuous sample
  • Gas stream tested for a specified period
  • Spot sample
  • Gas stream tested at a point in time
  • Other Sample
  • Random sample/sample period
  • Equipment in place is pertinent to pipeline and
    customer requirements
  • Data requirements may be contract driven

9
Gas Quality Data
  • Data availability
  • Location
  • Electronic measurement (EMS) vs. charts
  • Size of meter
  • Frequency of flow
  • Support for installation (power, transmission)
  • SCADA
  • Operational data
  • Not billing quality information
  • Timing
  • Measurement parameters
  • Data availability
  • Reporting frequency
  • Adjustments
  • Operational vs. Billing Quality
  • Not all data is available and/or monitored daily

10
Gas Quality Data
  • Quality Data Usage
  • Real Time vs. Periodic Reporting
  • Electronic reporting
  • Sampling frequency
  • Proprietary Issues
  • Operator-to-operator specific performance issues
  • Within Tariff tolerance is criteria for other
    performance
  • Receipt-to-delivery relationships
  • Blending
  • Timing of quality readings (transients)
  • Delivered quality
  • Specific supply quality may not be an issue

11
Gas Quality Specifications/Applicability
  • Typical Pipeline Gas Quality Components
  • Btu Content (Minimum/Maximum limits)
  • Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
  • Total Sulfur (S)
  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
  • Oxygen (O2)
  • Water and/or Water Vapor
  • Hydrocarbon Liquefiables
  • Temperature
  • Total Inerts
  • Dust, Gum, Dirt
  • Other
  • Burnability (HHV, HV, Input Factor, Wobbe)
  • Mercaptans
  • Not all applicable to all pipelines

12
Gas Quality Specifications/Applicability
  • Context of Gas Quality Data
  • Transient information
  • Upstream information may not be a predictor of
    delivery quality
  • Level of data availability/presentation
  • Pooling/Blending
  • Reticulated systems (variable direction flows)
  • Downstream blended data may be more indicative of
    gas quality performance

13
Conclusions
  • Understanding the context of quality information
    is critical for its use
  • Not all gas quality information is captured at
    all points
  • Gas quality at any point is a mix of input
    qualities/quantities and existing line pack
  • Real-time information is probably not feasible
    for posting
  • Daily data (if electronic) may be best available
    information
  • Blended information (24 hours)
  • May not be reflective of future flows
  • May not be available at all locations
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