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Reproductive Anatomy

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Title: Reproductive Anatomy


1
Reproductive Anatomy
  • D. Gamble SI 2008
  • All photos courtesy of Anthonys Textbook of
    Anatomy Physiology - 17th Edition

2
Male Reproductive System
  • In conjunction with the female reproductive
    system, ensures the survival and propagation of
    the species.
  • Consists of organs whose functions are to
    produce, transfer, and ultimately introduce sperm
    into the female reproductive tract.
  • Secretes male sex hormones (androgens)

3
Male Reproductive Organs
4
Male reproductive organs
  • Are classified as
  • Essential Organs
  • - Gonads, produce gametes/sex cells (sperm)
  • Accessory Organs
  • - genital ducts, glands, and supporting
    structures

5
Male Gonads gtgt Testes
  • Small, flattened, oval shaped glands.
  • 4-5 cm long, weigh about 10-15 grams.
  • Left testis hangs about 1cm lower in scrotal sac
    than the right.
  • Suspended in scrotum.
  • 2 main functions
  • - spermatogenesis
  • - secretion of hormones

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7
Spermatogenesis
  • The production of sperm.
  • Produced in the seminiferous tubules. (unraveled
    are about 2 feet long)
  • Meiosis

8
Secretion of Hormones
  • Main hormone is testosterone which is an androgen
    or masculinizing hormone.
  • Testosterone serves the following functions
  • Promotes maleness and adult male sexual
    behavior.
  • Regulates metabolism.
  • The anabolic hormone
  • - skeletal muscle building and bone growth.

9
Structure of Sperm
10
Reproductive (Genital) Ducts
  • Epididymis
  • - Single tightly-coiled tube measuring 20 feet
    in length!
  • - Contributes to maturation of sperm (1 to 3
    weeks).
  • - Secretes a small amount of seminal fluid
    (semen).
  • Vas Deferens -
  • - Connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory
    duct.
  • - Sperm remains in the vas deferens for varying
    amounts of time based on sexual activity.
  • Ejaculatory Duct -
  • - Short tubes connecting vas deferens to
    urethra.
  • Urethra -
  • - Serves as both a duct for reproductive AND
    urinary systems.

11
Accessory Reproductive Glands
  • Seminal Vesicles -
  • - Small pouches between the bladder/prostate and
    the rectum.
  • - Secrete an alkaline fluid that makes up about
    60 of semen volume.
  • - Acidity? Sugar?
  • Prostate Gland -
  • - Doughnut shaped gland just below the bladder,
    encircles urethra.
  • - Secretes watery, milky-looking fluid making up
    30 of semen volume
  • Cowpers Glands -
  • - Resemble peas in size and shape.
  • - Secrete a small amount of alkaline fluid that
    helps counteract the
  • acidity of the end of the urethra and the
    vagina.
  • - Mucus secreted also helps lubricate the
    urethra to prevent friction
  • damage to sperm during ejaculation.

12
Supporting Structures
  • Scrotum - Skin covered pouch holding testes
    outside of the warm body.
  • Penis - Comprised of Corpus Cavernosum, Corpus
    Spongiosum, and a covering of skin. End is the
    Glans Penis.
  • Spermatic Chords - Cylindrical protein casings
    containing blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves,
    and the vas deferens.

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17
Female Reproductive System
  • In conjunction with the male reproductive system,
    ensures the survival and propagation of the
    species.
  • Female reproductive system also provides
    protection and nutrition to the developing
    offspring.
  • Secretes female sex hormones (estrogens)

18
Female Reproductive Organs
19
Female reproductive organs
  • Are classified as
  • Essential Organs
  • - Gonads, produce gametes/sex cells (sperm)
  • Testes in men, Ovaries in women.
  • Accessory Organs
  • - uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and
    mammary glands

20
Female Gonads gtgt Ovaries
  • Produce the female gametes (ova).
  • Secrete female hormones estrogen and
    progesterone.
  • Each one located on one side of the uterus (about
    3 gms).

21
Stages of Ovarian Follicle Development
22
The Uterus
  • In a woman who has never been pregnant is
    pear-shaped, 3 inches long, 2 inches wide and
    about an inch thick.
  • 2 main parts the body and the cervix

23
Functions of the Uterus
  • Part of the reproductive tract allowing sperm to
    ascend to the uterine (fallopian) tubes.
  • After conception, developing offspring implants
    in inner wall (endometrium) and continues to
    develop during term of pregnancy.
  • Creates labor contractions.
  • If no conception or implantation, menstruation.

24
Normal and abnormal positions of the uterus.
25
Uterine Tubes
  • Also called Fallopian tubes or oviducts.
  • Extensions of the uterus that loosely
    communicate with the ovaries.
  • Ovum carried through Fallopian tubes to uterus
    via cilia (tiny hair-like projections).
  • Fertilization occurs here.

26
Vagina
  • Tubular organ in front of rectum and behind the
    bladder urethra.
  • During sexual intercourse, the lining lubricates
    and stimulates the glans penis triggering
    ejaculation.
  • Serves as a receptacle for semen.
  • Lower portion of birth canal.
  • Transports blood and tissues during menstruation.

27
VULVA External Female Genitalia
28
The vulva is comprised of
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Vestibular glands
  • - Bartholins Skenes
  • Vestibule
  • Clitoris
  • Urethral opening
  • Vaginal orifice

29
The Female Breast
30
Female Breasts
  • Lie over pectoral muscles.
  • Development controlled by estrogen and
    progesterone.
  • Breast size determined by amount of fat
    surrounding glandular tissue so function is NOT
    related to size.
  • Main function is lactation for nourishment of
    newborn infants.
  • Lactation is important for
  • - nutrients
  • - antibodies
  • - bonding
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