Telecommunications and Networks

1
Telecommunications and Networks

• Chapter 6
• CST 332
• Dr. Roger G. Clery

2
Principles and Learning Objectives

• Effective communication is essential to
  organizational success.
• Define the terms communication and
  telecommunications and describe the components of
  a telecommunications system.

3
Principles and Learning Objectives

• An unmistakable trend of communications
  technology is that more people are able to send
  and receive all forms of information over greater
  distances at a faster rate.
• Identify three basic types of communications
  media and discuss the basic characteristics of
  each.
• Identify several types of telecommunications
  hardware devices and discuss the role that each
  plays.
• Identify the benefits associated with a
  telecommunications network.
• Name three distributed processing alternatives
  and discuss their basic features.
• Define the term network topology and identify
  five alternatives.

4
Principles and Learning Objectives

• The effective use of telecommunications and
  networks can turn a company into an agile,
  powerful, and creative organization, giving it a
  long-term competitive advantage.
• Identify and briefly discuss several
  telecommunications applications.

5
Overview of Telecommunications Systems
6
Communications
7
Communications
8
Telecommunications
9
Telecommunications Media
10
Basic Communications Channel Characteristics

• Simplex channel one way only
• Half-duplex two ways but only one way at a time
• Full-duplex channel two way, bi-directional

11
Channels

• Simplex radio and TV broadcast
• Half- duplex CB radio
• Full duplex telephone

12
Bandwidth

• The absolute difference of the highest frequency
  minus the lowest frequency.
• The amount of space that an electronic signal
  occupies on a given transmission medium.
• BW Hf Lf
• Bigger is better!

13
Broadband

• Telecommunications in which a wide band of
  frequencies is available to transmit information,
  allowing more information to be transmitted in a
  given amount of time.
• Technically, an analog circuit capable of many
  channels like cable TV

14
Shannons Fundamental Law of Information Theory

• The information carrying capacity of a channel is
  directly proportional to its bandwidth - the
  broader the bandwidth, the more information that
  can be carried.
• BPS BW log2(1signal/noise)

15
Types of Media

• Twisted-Pair
• Coaxial Cable
• Fiber-Optic Cable
• Radio
• VHF, UHF, etc.
• Microwave Transmission
• Infrared (like your TV remote control)

16
Twisted-Pair Wire Cable
17
Coaxial Cable
18
Fiber Optic Cable
19
Microwave Transmission
20
Satellite Transmission
21
Cellular Transmission
22
Telecommunications Devices
23
Devices

• Modems
• Analog
• Digital
• Special-purpose modems
• Multiplexers
• Front-end processors

24
Modems
25
Multiplexers
26
Front-End Processors
27
Carriers and Services
28
Carriers and Services

• Common carriers
• Value-added carriers
• Switched and dedicated lines
• Private branch exchange (PBX)
• Wide-area telecommunications service (WATS)
• Phone and dialing services
• Digital subscriber line (DSL)
• T1 Carrier

29
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
30
Carriers and Services
31
Networks Distributed Processing
32
Basic Processing Strategies

• Centralized processing mainframe computer
• Decentralized processing LAN peer-to-peer
• Distributed processing - LAN client server

33
Network Concepts and Considerations

• Network topology
• Ring network
• Bus network
• Hierarchical
• Star network
• Hybrid network
• Network types
• Local Area Networks
• Wide Area Networks
• International networks
• Home and small business networks

34
Network Topology
35
Network Topology
36
Network Topology
37
Local Area Networks
38
Wide Area Networks
39
Home and Small Business Networks
40
Terminal-to-Host
41
File Server
42
Client/Server
43
Communications Software and Protocols
44
Communications Software

• Network operating systems (NOS)
• Network management software

45
Communications Protocols

• Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  (TCP/IP)
• Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
• Ethernet
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (TM)
• Bluetooth

46
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
47
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
48
Network Interconnectivity Technology
49
Interconnectivity

• HUB no brains level 1 (but fast)
• SWITCH some brains level 2
• ROUTER smart level 3 (transport)
• GATEWAY genius all 7 layers

50
Bridge, Routers, and Gateways
51
Telecommunications and Applications
52
Telecommunications and Applications

• Voice mail
• WWW web browsing shopping
• Electronic software distribution (upgrades)
• Telecommuting
• Videoconferencing
• Electronic data interchange (EDI)

53
Videoconferencing
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Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
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EDI Electronic Data Interchange

• Standard format
• Legally enforceable
• Often automatically generated
• Requirement in auto industry and grocery industry

56
Public Network Services
57
Protocols for the net

• HTML for web pages
• lttitlegt Protocols for the net lt/titlegt
• XML for identifying data to legacy back-end
  processors/databases
• ltfirstnamegt Roger lt/firstnamegt

58
Summary

• Communications - any process that permits
  information to pass from a sender to one or more
  receivers
• Telecommunications media - twisted-pair wire
  cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable
• Modems - convert signals from digital to analog
  for transmission, then back to digital
• Ethernet - the most widely installed local area
  network (LAN) technology

59
End

• Do you not the terms??
• Can you describe how it works?
• Can you describe how it fits together with other
  parts to make a working system?