Title: Integrative Medicine Good medicine
1Integrative Medicine Good medicine
- Kathi J. Kemper, MD, MPH
- Caryl J Guth Chair for Holistic and Integrative
Medicine - Professor of Pediatrics, Public Health Sciences,
Family and Community Medicine - Wake Forest University Health Sciences
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3CAM US History
- 1970s American Holistic Medical Association
- 1980s popular books Our Bodies, Our Selves
- 1991 US Congress establishes Office of
Alternative Medicine at NIH (2 million) - 1993 Eisenbergs article in NEJM on common CAM
use in US (34 of US adults) - 1996 publication of The Holistic Pediatrician
- 2000 CAHCIM
- 2002 White House Commission on CAM report
- 2005 Institute of Medicine report on CAM
- 2005 AAP CHIM
4CAM Clinical History US
- 1970s and 80s scattered MD clinics, eg Norm
Shealy, Chris Northrup, Andy Weil, Hugh Riordan,
Jim Gordon, Bob Anderson - 1990s stand-alone multidisciplinary clinics
financially issues growth of CAM in medical
schools and CME 2000s integration into
existing clinics integration into hospital care
mind/body, massage, acupuncture, nutrition,
hospital formulary policies start of CAM
education in residency education - Financing initially with philanthropy, wealthy
self-pay moving toward advocacy for insurance
coverage (See John Weeks) - Evidence-base
5Growth of CAM Research
MEDLINE Citations Under Alternative Medicine 196
6-2005
6Old Model CAM Therapies
Alternative
Mainstream biomedicine
Complementary
7Concerns about CAM
- Sylvia Millecam death from breast cancer
following treatment with acupuncture, faith,
psychic healers - Unfounded treatments (NOT evidence-based)
- Poor oversight (poor coordination)
- NOT complementary
BMJ, 28 Feb 2004
8Patient/Consumer Interest
- Use is high most use combinations
- 42 of Americans reported using (1997)
- Consumers self-paid 27 billion this exceeds out
of pocket expenses for hospital care - Out of pocket payments highest for herbs and
supplements, massage, acupuncture, fitness
training
9Licensed Health Professionals in US (selected)
10Popularity leads toeResources
- US Presidential Commission on CAM, chaired by
James Gordon, MD http//www.whccamp.hhs.gov/ - Institute of Medicine report on CAM in the US,
chaired by Professor Stuart Bondurant, MD
http//www.nap.edu/books/0309092701/html/
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11eResource NIH NCCAM
- Patient information sheets in English and Spanish
- Ongoing research projects/clinical trials
- Education and Training opportunities
- http//nccam.nih.gov
NCCAM Clearinghouse (US) 1-888-644-6226
12eResource NCI OCCAM
- Health information for patients
- http//www.cancer.gov/cam/health_understanding.htm
l - Clinical trial information
- Grant funding for research projects
13Highest CAM Users
- Well educated
- Upper income
- Women
- Chronically ill (pain fatigue, anxiety,
depression)
14Why use CAM?
- Consistent with patient values (ecological,
spiritual, political) - Person-centered
- Gentler
- Empowering
- Esthetic
- Less drug dependent
- Less technology dependent
- Meaning causes, what one can do
- Lifestyle emphasis
- Failures of medicine (antibiotic resistance side
effects, costs medical errors limited access)
poor success with chronic illnesses
15Resource
- Founded in 2000
- 38 academic health centers (Harvard, Yale, Duke,
Stanford, UAz, WFUSM, UMi, UMn, UNM, U Alberta,
etc) - International Research Conference
- Collaborative research
- Developing best practices clinical models
- Education (residency and undergrad)
- http//www.imconsortium.org/cahcim/about/home.html
16Definition Integrative Medicine
- Integrative Medicine is the practice of medicine
that reaffirms the importance of the relationship
between practitioner and patient, focuses on the
whole person, is informed by evidence, and makes
use of all appropriate therapeutic approaches,
healthcare professionals and disciplines to
achieve optimal health and healing. - Consortium of Academic Health Centers for
Integrative Medicine, 5/05
17Integrative Medicine Good Medicine
Sustainable, Healing Environment
Holistic Patient- Centered Care
Comprehensive Therapeutic Options
Wellness Orientation
18Patient-centered care holistic
- Caring for whole person - body, mind, emotions,
spirit, relationships -- in the context of
family, culture and community - Biopsychosocial model
- Culturally sensitive care
- Can a surgeon be holistic? YES
19US Institute of Medicines Rules for the
Twenty-First Century Health Care System
- Current Approach
- Care based primarily on visits
- Professional autonomy drives variability
- Professionals control care
- Information is a record
- Decision making is based on training and
experience
- New Rule
- Care is based on continuous healing relationships
- Care is customized according to patient needs and
values - The patient is the source of control
- Knowledge is shared and information flows freely
- Decision making is evidence- based
20Institute of Medicines Simple Rules for the
Twenty-First Century Health Care System
- New Rule
- Safety is a system property
- Needs are anticipated
- Waste is continuously decreased
- Cooperation among clinicians is a priority
- Current Approach
- Do no harm is an individual responsibility
- The system reacts to needs
- Cost reduction is sought
- Preference is given to professional roles over
the system.
21CAM is a SUBSET of tools within Integrative
Medicine
- Integrative Medicine emphasizes
- wellness and healing of the whole person,
- with special emphasis on patient participation,
- and attention to mental and spiritual health
- Communication, empowerment, cultural awareness
- The knowledge and use of Complementary and
Alternative Medicine (CAM) is an important aspect
of Integrative Medicine. - Section on Integrative Medicine, Internal
Medicine, UNM
22Integrative Approach
Bioenergetic therapies Acupuncture/Acupressure,
Healing/Therapeutic Touch, Prayer, Homeopathy
Biomechanical Therapies Surgery, Osteopathic/
Chiropractic Bodywork/Massage
Patient-centered, compassionate care
Biochemical Therapies Medications, Herbs,
vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements
Lifestyle Therapies
Mind-body Environment Exercise/Rest
Diet/Smoking/Drinking
23eEducation about herbs / dietary supplements
- https//northwestahec.wfubmc.edu/learn/herbs_ce/in
dex.cfm
24What kinds of services do NC MDs want to provide
in hospital?
- Nutrition services 84
- Fitness services 80
- Stress management services 75
Kemper K. BMC CAM 2007
25Mind-Body Therapies
- Hypnosis
- Guided imagery
- Meditation
- Autogenic training
- Biofeedback
- Journaling
- Social Support
- Psychological counseling
- Peer support
26Is it ETHICAL to integrate CAM therapies into
conventional practice?
- Principles of ethics
- Beneficence / Do no harm
- Autonomy
- Justice
- Common Sense
- Balance risks and benefits
27Ethical framework
Cohen M. Pediatrics, 2005
28Effective? Safe?
- What therapy?
- For whom?
- For what condition? (cancer, colds)
- Under what circumstances?
- For what desired outcome?
- When? immediate versus long-term
- Kemper. Arch Dis Child, 2001
29What Kind of Integrative Services Do NC MDs Want?
- Pain management (84)
- Weight/Obesity management (80)
- Diabetes-Lifestyle (73)
- Stress management (73)
- Heart healthy lifestyle (71)
- Back pain (66)
- Headache (63)
- Cancer support (62)
- Stroke recovery (51)
Kemper, et al. BMC CAM, 2007 75
30Service Models
CAM Center
31Sustainability
- Consistent with cultural values, e.g.,
evidence-based, compassionate, comprehensive,
common sense, cost-effective strengthens and
restores the heart and soul of medicine - Insurance coverage
- Collaborative with public health, community of
health care providers, patient advocacy groups - Integrated, not marginalized
32THANK YOU!
33WHO 2000 ranking
- Netherlands is 17 for quality of health services
(US is 37) - Problems
- Waiting times
- Labor shortages
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36Prevention Gap
Burden of disease, preventability, and research
and translation gaps. Ockene, et al. Am J Prev
Med, 2007 32(3) 244
37 Social-ecologic framework levels of influence
on behavior. (From the Institute of Medicine,
2002.7)
38Payment for Health Services - US
- Public (26)
- Medicare (gt65 14)
- Medicaid (poor, disabled 12 )
- Private variety, diverse coverage usually
employer-based (58 of Americans) - Uninsured (16 of Americans)
39Burden of Disease 2020 Expected in Developed
Countries
- Ischemic heart disease
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Unipolar major depression
- Trachea, bronchi, lung cancers
- Road traffic injuries
- Alcohol misuse
- Osteoarthritis
- Dementia and related.
Murray CJL. Lancet, 1997
40Pharma Promises