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Title: Obesity Trends Among U'S' Adults between 1985 and 2006


1
Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and
2006
  • Definitions
  • Obesity Having a very high amount of body fat in
    relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass Index
    (BMI) of 30 or higher.
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) A measure of an adults
    weight in relation to his or her height,
    specifically the adults weight in kilograms
    divided by the square of his or her height in
    meters.
  • Adult BMI calculators are available free on the
    internet.

2
Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and
2006
  • Source of the data
  • The data shown in these maps were collected
    through CDCs Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
    System (BRFSS). Each year, state health
    departments use standard procedures to collect
    data through a series of monthly telephone
    interviews with U.S. adults.
  • Prevalence estimates generated for the maps may
    vary slightly from those generated for the states
    by BRFSS (http//aps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss) as
    slightly different analytic methods are used.

3
  • In 1990, among states participating in the
    Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 10
    states had a prevalence of obesity less than 10
    and no states had prevalence equal to or greater
    than 15.
  • By 1998, no state had prevalence less than 10,
    seven states had a prevalence of obesity between
    20-24, and no state had prevalence equal to or
    greater than 25.
  • In 2006, only four states had a prevalence of
    obesity less than 20. Twenty-two states had a
    prevalence equal or greater than 25 Two of
    these states (Mississippi and West Virginia) had
    a prevalence of obesity equal to or greater than
    30.

4
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990,
1998, 2006
(BMI ?30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 54
person)
1998
1990
2006
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 2529
30
5
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
6
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
7
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
8
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
9
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
10
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
11
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
12
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
13
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
14
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
15
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
16
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
17
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 20
18
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 20
19
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 20
20
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 20
21
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
22
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
23
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
24
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
25
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 2529
30
26
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2006
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 2529
30
27
Health Consequences
  • Overweight and obese individuals are at
    increased risk for many diseases and health
    conditions, including the following
  • Hypertension (high blood pressure)
  • Osteoarthritis (a degeneration of cartilage and
    its underlying bone within a joint)
  • Dyslipidemia (for example, high total cholesterol
    or high levels of triglycerides)
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Coronary heart disease
  • Stroke
  • Gallbladder disease
  • Sleep apnea and respiratory problems
  • Some cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon)

28
Economic Consequences
  • Overweight and obesity and their associated
    health problems have a significant economic
    impact on the U.S. health care system (USDHHS,
    2001). Medical costs associated with overweight
    and obesity may involve direct and indirect costs
    (Wolf and Colditz, 1998 Wolf, 1998). Direct
    medical costs may include preventive, diagnostic,
    and treatment services related to obesity.
    Indirect costs relate to morbidity and mortality
    costs. Morbidity costs are defined as the value
    of income lost from decreased productivity,
    restricted activity, absenteeism, and bed days.
    Mortality costs are the value of future income
    lost by premature death.

29
Economic Consequences
  • In 1995, the total (direct and indirect) costs
    attributable to obesity amounted to an estimated
    99 billion. In 2000, the total cost of obesity
    was estimated to be 117 billion (61 billion
    direct and 56 billion indirect). Most of the
    cost associated with obesity is due to type 2
    diabetes, coronary heart disease, and
    hypertension.

30
What are some suggestions for losing weight?
  • Most experts recommend that someone attempting to
    lose a large amount of weight consult with a
    personal physician or health care professional
    before beginning a weight-loss program. The
    Surgeon Generals Healthy Weight Advice for
    Consumers makes the following general
    recommendations
  • Aim for a healthy weight. People who need to lose
    weight should do so gradually, at a rate of
    one-half to two pounds per week.
  • Be active. The safest and most effective way to
    lose weight is to reduce calories and increase
    physical activity.
  • Eat well. Select sensible portion sizes and
    follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

31
How can physical activity help prevent overweight
and obesity?
  • Physical activity, along with a healthy diet,
    plays an important role in the prevention of
    overweight and obesity (USDHHS, 2001). In order
    to maintain a stable weight, a person needs to
    expend the same amount of calories as he or she
    consumes.
  • Although the body burns calories for everyday
    functions such as breathing, digestion, and
    routine daily activities, many people consume
    more calories than they need for these functions
    each day. A good way to burn off extra calories
    and prevent weight gain is to engage in regular
    physical activity beyond routine activities.

32
How can physical activity help prevent overweight
and obesity?
  • The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 offers
    the following example of the balance between
    consuming and using calories
  • If you eat 100 more food calories a day than you
    burn, youll gain about 1 pound in a month.
    Thats about 10 pounds in a year. The bottom line
    is that to lose weight, its important to reduce
    calories and increase physical activity.

33
For more information about losing weight, visit
  • Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005Department
    of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the
    Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  • Aim for a Healthy WeightNational Institutes of
    Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung, and Blood
    Institute (NHLBI)
  • Weight-control Information Network
    PublicationsNational Institutes of Health (NIH),
    National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
    Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Weight-control
    Information Network
  • The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent
    and Decrease Overweight and Obesity Surgeon
    Generals Healthy Weight Advice for Consumers

34
Citations
  • BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
    http //www.cdc.gov/brfss/
  • Mokdad AH, et al. The spread of the obesity
    epidemic in the United States, 19911998 JAMA
    1999 2821615191522.
  • Mokdad AH, et al. The continuing epidemics of
    obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA.
    2001 28610151922.
  • Mokdad AH, et al. Prevalence of obesity,
    diabetes, and obesity-related health risk
    factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 2891 7679
  • CDC. State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity Among
    Adults United States, 2005 MMWR 2006
    55(36)985988
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