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U'S' Wide Area Augmentation System WAAS Update

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Evolution of IFR Navigation in the National Airspace ... Precision Approach Systems Account for Approximately 42 ... Puerto Vallarta Installed November 2005 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: U'S' Wide Area Augmentation System WAAS Update


1
U.S.Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)Update
  • Mitch Narins
  • Air Traffic Organization
  • Navigation Services
  • May 2006

2
Evolution of IFR Navigation in the National
Airspace
  • Gone
  • Gone

VOR, DME, Tacan
WAAS
Four-course range
Loran C
NDB
GPS
  • Research
  • Almost Gone

LAAS
Microwave Landing System
Instrument Landing System
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
3
FY 2004 Operations Maintenance Budget
Allocation for Navigation Systems
  • Precision Approach Systems Account for
    Approximately 42 of the Navigation Services
    Systems and almost 50 of the Annual OM Budget
    Allocation for Navigation Services.
  • ALS Approach Lighting System
  • GS Glide Slope
  • IM Inner Marker
  • LOC - Localizer
  • LOM Locator Outer Marker
  • MALS Medium Intensity ALS
  • MALSR MALS w/Runway Alignment
  • MM Middle Marker
  • OM Outer Marker
  • RVR Runway Visual Range
  • SSALR Simplified Short ALS
  • SSALS Simplified Short ALS

4
Intl Cooperation.. A Necessity
  • Approx. 77 million sq. km of total airspace
  • Largest area of all ANSPs (Australia 2nd at 47
    million sq. km)
  • 15.15 of earths surface

5
Moving To a Performance Based NAS
  • FAAs Goal Is To Design An Integrated,
    Performance Based National Airspace System That
    Can Meet The Needs Of Tomorrow And Satisfy ICAOs
    Vision Of A Safe, Secure, And Seamless
    International Air Transportation System

Presentation to Regional Airline Association
Flight Technology
Committee Name Phil LemanDate June 2, 2005
6
What Is Performance-Based Navigation?
  • An End-to-End Air Transportation System Based On
    Performance Standards Rather Than Specific
    Technologies Or Equipment
  • Area Navigation (RNAV)
  • Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
  • Recognizes The Ability Of Modern Aircraft To
    Operate Safely And Efficiently Using A Variety Of
    On-Board Systems and External Signals

7
GPS Background
  • Designed as a dual-use system
  • Military applications for US and Allied use
  • Civilian applications for worldwide use
  • Open signal specification available to industry
    and all users, both US and International
  • GPS not originally designed to do many of the
    civil applications being done today
  • Modernization program in progress
  • Consistent U.S. National Policy from both
    Executive and Legislative branches
  • U.S. Public Law - December 1997
  • U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and
    Timing Policy March 1996 updated December 2004

8
GPS User Range Error (URE) History
9
GPS Modernization Path
Block IIA/IIR
Block III
Block IIR-M, IIF
  • Basic GPS
  • Std Service (16-24m SEP)
  • Single frequency (L1)
  • Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation
  • Precise Service (16m SEP)
  • Y-Code (L1Y L2Y)
  • Y-Code navigation
  • Block IIIA
  • Increased anti-jam power
  • Increased security
  • Increased accuracy
  • Navigation surety
  • Backward compatibility
  • Assured availability
  • Controlled integrity
  • 4th civil signal (L1C)
  • IIR-M IIA/IIR capabilities plus
  • 2nd civil signal (L2C)
  • M-Code (L1M L2M)
  • IIF IIR-M capability plus
  • 3rd civil signal (L5)

10
GPS Modernized Signals
  • L1 C/A Available on all satellites
  • Backwards compatible for existing civil and
    military applications
  • L2C - First available with IIR-M launch 21 Sep 05
  • Configuration of signal determined via
    interagency process
  • Use for non-safety of flight applications, not in
    ARNS band
  • L5 - First available with first GPS IIF launch
    (2007)
  • Improved signal structure enhances performance
  • WRC-2000 added signal component to protected
    aeronautical band
  • Interoperable with Galileo L1
  • L1C - First available with first GPS III launch
    (2013)
  • Data-less signal component improves tracking
    performance
  • Interoperable with Galileo L1

11
New U.S. Policy
  • U.S. Space-based Positioning, Navigation, and
    Timing (PNT) Policy
  • Released by the President - December 15, 2004
  • Replaced the 1996 U.S. GPS Policy
  • Provide updated, comprehensive, and responsive
    guidance
  • Improved management processes for all space-based
    PNT issues

12
WAAS
  • Operational System Commissioned July 2003
  • Enhances Navigation In All Phases Of Flight
  • Enroute, Arrival, and Departure
  • Provides 100 Availability Of GNSS For Even The
    Most Critical RNP or RNAV Operations
  • Provides Coverage At All Altitudes From 100,000
    Feet To The Surface
  • Provides Navigation Services To Users That Are
    Not Currently Served
  • Approach
  • Enhances Safety By Providing Vertical Guidance To
    Every Runway End In The Coverage Area
  • No Ground Hardware Required At Airport to Acquire
    Signal
  • Allows IFR Operations To All Qualified Airports

13
WAAS Operations
  • FAA Technical Center continuously monitors the
    WAAS system Performance
  • 99 coverage over CONUS
  • There have been no HMIs since system inception
  • WAAS has experienced a number of outages since
    commissioning
  • Omits short outages due to GUS switchovers and
    minor ionospheric disturbances
  • Equates to 99.87 availability
  • Outages are classified into 4 categories
  • Total SIS outage (AOR-W, POR, or both)
  • Major IONO storm (loss of service over all or
    most of CONUS)
  • Minor IONO storm (loss of service over a portion
    of CONUS
  • GUS switchovers
  • Many have occurred since commissioning. Adverse
    effect when there is not dual GEO coverage
  • User can lose LPV WAAS service for up to 5
    minutes
  • WAAS has experienced several outages as of late
    during the upgrade process

14
WAAS Architecture
15
WAAS LPV Availability
16
WAAS Schedule
  • WAAS Commissioned
  • Full LPV Performance
  • 13 additional reference stations
  • Improved software efficiency
  • System improvements will be brought online
    incrementally
  • End state performance will result in greater
    availability of approach with vertical guidance
    (LPV - 250 foot minimums)
  • 99 CONUS
  • 95 in most of Alaska
  • Two GEOs in view to all users over all CONUS and
    Alaska
  • GLS Development
  • L5 frequency (block IIF GPS III)
  • Better interference mitigation
  • Procedure Development 300/yr
  • 2003
  • 2003 2008
  • 2007
  • 2015
  • 2004 2028

17
Development Activities LPV
  • Hardware
  • 13 Additional Wide Area Reference Stations To
    Improve Availability And Coverage
  • 4 Alaska
  • 5 Mexico
  • 4 Canada
  • Equipment Upgrade Using Commercial Off The Shelf
    Hardware When Feasible
  • Communications
  • Enhancing The Terrestrial Communications Network
  • Software
  • More Efficient Integrity Monitor Algorithms
  • Enhanced OM Efficiency
  • Prime Contractor - Raytheon

18
Predicted Availability Gains
WAAS Commissioning - 2003
Full Capability - 2008
  • Availability over the majority of CONUS improves
    from 99.5 to 99.9
  • Alaskan availability improves from less than 75
    to 99 99.9
  • Significant availability gains in northeast and
    southern California, Texas, and Florida

19
Regional Cooperation
  • USA, Canada, and Mexico Are Working Through The
    North American Aviation Trilateral (NAAT) To
    Cooperate On The Implementation of GNSS In The
    North American Region
  • Canada And Mexico Will Host Additional WAAS
    Reference Stations
  • 5 Mexico
  • Mexico City Installed August 2005
  • Merida Installed October 2005
  • Puerto Vallarta Installed November 2005
  • La Paz Surveyed in December, Installation
    Scheduled for August 2006
  • Tapachula Surveyed in December, Installation
    Scheduled for August 2006
  • 4 Canada
  • Gander Installed June 2005
  • Goose Bay Installed September 2005
  • Iqaluit Site Survey Completed August 2004,
    Installation Scheduled for August 2006
  • Winnipeg Site Survey Completed October 2004,
    Installation Scheduled for August 2006
  • Provides WAAS Coverage In Canada And Mexico,
    Improves Availability For U.S.
  • Expect Operational In 2006 And 2007 Respectively

20
GEO Satellite Improvements
  • Commissioned system utilizes two Inmarsat
    satellites
  • Main problem is single coverage over the majority
    of the United States
  • Contract Awarded to Lockheed Martin to provide
  • Leased payloads on up to 3 satellites
  • Ground infrastructure to support signal in space
  • Currently acquiring two satellite links
  • Provides dual coverage over entire United States
  • PanAmSat Launched October 13th
  • Telesat Launched September 9th
  • Preliminary acceptance testing for both
    satellites expected to be complete Spring 2006
  • Expect operational by first quarter FY 07

Original AOR/W Position 54W
New AOR/W Position 142W
POR 178E
21
WAAS GLS Development
  • Will Commence In 2008
  • In USA, GLS Capability Will Require Modernized
    GPS Constellation
  • Addition Of Second Frequency, L5
  • Availability Of L5 For Operational Use By
    Aviation Expected By 2013
  • FAA Ground Upgrade Complete In 2013
  • Hardware
  • Upgrade of Reference Station Receivers To Receive
    L5
  • Software
  • Broadcast Of WAAS Message On L5
  • Will Eliminate Loss Of Vertical Guidance Caused
    By Ionospheric Storms
  • Full GLS Capability Throughout Coverage Area
  • System Will Be Capable Of Augmenting Other
    Satellite Navigation System Constellations

22
Summary
  • GPS
  • System is robust and operating above
    specifications
  • Modernized system will meet all aviation needs
  • WAAS
  • Commissioned For IFR Use On July 10, 2003,
    Incrementally Improving to Add Capability
  • Benefits All Classes Of Aviation Users, Enhancing
    Navigation In All Phases Of Flight
  • Supports RNP And Performance Based NAS
  • Aviation Receivers Available Today, More Coming
    To Market Over Next Three Years
  • FAA POC
  • Leo Eldredge, GNSS Program Manager
  • ATO-W, Navigation Services
  • 800 Independence Avenue, S.W.
  • Washington, D.C. 20591
  • leo.eldredge_at_faa.gov
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