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Influenza

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1976 Swine Influenza. 1977 Russian Flu. 1997 Avian Flu. Influenza In Today's Society ... http://www.americanheritage.com/assets/images/articles/web/20051012-flu.jpg ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Influenza


1
Influenza
  • Amanda Lewis and Emily Dengler

2
Influenza Virus
  • 3 types A, B, and C
  • A and B types seasonal epidemics of disease
    annually
  • 2 subtypes of A based on proteins on surface of
    virus (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase)
  • No subtypes of B, but can be divided into
    different strains
  • Vaccines dont protect against C
  • Mutates rapidly
  • Antigenic drift small changes that continually
    happen over time that results in a new strain of
    virus
  • Antigenic shift abrupt major change in
    influenza A virus that result in new subtype of
    virus
  • Type A is zoonotic disease

3
History of InfluenzaPandemic of 1918
  • Spanish Flu or La Grippe
  • 20 and 40 million people killed, infected 1/5 of
    world population
  • Most devastating epidemic in recorded world
    history
  • Most deadly for people ages 20 to 40

4
History of InfluenzaPandemic of 1918
  • Thought to have originated in China
  • Estimated that 675,000 Americans died during
    pandemic 10x as many as WWI
  • Spread globally through trade routes, war
    movements
  • First appeared in Kansas in Spring 1918, but not
    noticed
  • Shortage of nurses, healthcare workers and
    facilities
  • Insufficient disposal of bodies

5
History of InfluenzaOther Epidemics
  • 1957 Asian Influenza
  • 1968 Hong Kong Influenza
  • 1976 Swine Influenza
  • 1977 Russian Flu
  • 1997 Avian Flu

6
Influenza In Todays Society
  • 5-20 of population gets the flu
  • Only 36,000 people die
  • Vaccines
  • injection of inactivated vaccine containing
    killed virus
  • Used for people of all ages
  • Nasal spray live, attenuated flu virus
  • Used for people 2 to 49 years old
  • Not immunocompromised
  • Can be vaccinated in September into December

7
Influenza In Todays Society
  • Who should not be vaccinated
  • Severe allergies to chicken eggs or previous flu
    vaccine
  • People who develop Guillain-Barré syndrome within
    6 weeks of previous flu vaccine
  • Children under the age of 6 months
  • Preventative measures
  • Education

8
Current Public Health Initiatives
  • Surveillance techniques
  • Viral surveillance
  • Outpatient illness surveillance
  • Mortality surveillance
  • Hospitalization surveillance
  • Summary of geographic spread
  • All surveillance is voluntary by the state and
    healthcare providers

9
Current Public Health Initiatives
  • Particularly concerned about avian flu as
    pandemic in future
  • Virulent, spread through migratory birds,
    transmitted across species, continues to evolve
  • Humans low infection risk, but most deadly of
    influenzas when infected
  • Little or no human immune protection
  • Usually results from contact with infected
    poultry, contaminated surfaces
  • Outbreaks in Asia, Europe, Africa more than ½
    infected have died

10
Current Public Health Initiatives State Level
  • South Carolina
  • Planning with US Department of Health and Human
    Services since March 2006
  • Emergency operations, mass casualties
    preparations
  • Receive federal funding annually
  • DHEC website surveillance by county, pandemic
    phase, educational information

11
Current Public Health Initiatives National
  • American Public Health Association
  • Get Ready campaign
  • General Public
  • Facts about the flu, vaccinations, preventing the
    spread while traveling, general education
  • Plans of action at state, national, international
  • Healthcare professionals
  • Education for patients and themselves about
    differences between types of flu

12
Current Public Health Initiatives National
  • US government plans for avian and pandemic flu
  • Reports nations with confirmed cases of avian flu
    both animal and human
  • Working with WHO
  • Education
  • State and national planning and preparation

13
Current Public Health Initiatives International
  • WHO
  • Global influenza preparedness plan for possible
    pandemic
  • Report international cases of avian flu
  • Global surveillance network
  • Vaccine promotion and education
  • Archives of cases from previous years
  • Major benefits from preparations
  • Improve infrastructure, more coordination among
    national agencies

14
Sources
  • http//www.cdc.gov/flu/
  • http//www.scdhec.gov/health/disease/acute/flu.htm
  • http//virus.stanford.edu/uda/
  • http//www.apha.org/programs/fluresources
  • http//www.pandemicflu.gov
  • http//www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/en/
  • Pictures
  • http//www.dailygalaxy.com/photos/uncategorized/20
    08/02/19/1918_pandfemic.jpg
  • http//www.americanheritage.com/assets/images/arti
    cles/web/20051012-flu.jpg
  • http//www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/flugallery/20
    08-09/nivw.htm
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