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Survey of Intelligent Vehicle Applications Worldwide

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Long term R&D in Advanced Driver Assistance & Automated Driving ongoing ... cooperative driving using 5.8 GHz DSRC intervehicle communication, DGPS, machine ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Survey of Intelligent Vehicle Applications Worldwide


1
Survey of Intelligent Vehicle Applications
Worldwide
  • Presentation to IV2000
  • October 3, 2000
  • Richard Bishop
  • Richard Bishop Consulting
  • www.ivsource.net

2
IV Activity is Ramping Up
  • Telematics is exploding
  • Information Layer -- in-vehicle information
  • Driver Assistance systems entering market
  • Control Layer -- helps driver drive more
    safely, productively, efficiently
  • Long term RD in Advanced Driver Assistance
    Automated Driving ongoing
  • Results from significant activity in trucks,
    buses, special vehicles can flow to the passcar
    platform

3
IV Activity Worldwide The Players
  • Automotive / truck OEMs and suppliers worldwide
  • Publicly-funded programs in Asia, Europe, North
    America

4
IV Players Worldwide Americas
  • USDOT Intelligent Vehicle Initiative
  • Federal Transit Administration Bus Rapid Transit
    program
  • USDOD autonomous military vehicles
  • University research California PATH, U. of
    Minnesota, Ohio State University
  • Advanced transit concepts in Mexico, Brazil

5
IV Players Worldwide Asia
  • Japan
  • Ministries of Construction, Transportation,
    International Trade Industry
  • Advanced Cruise-Assist Research Association
    (AHSRA)
  • Korea Korea Highway Corporation and Korea
    University
  • Singapore -- advanced transit concepts
  • Industrial automation in Australia

6
IV Players Worldwide Europe
  • Europe
  • European Commission projects
  • 5th Framework Research Program
  • Projects include public and private sector
    participants from major countries
  • National level programs in France, Germany,
    Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, UK

7
Driver Assistance Systems
  • Night Vision
  • Adaptive Cruise Control
  • Collision Warning
  • Collision Avoidance
  • Driver Impairment Monitoring
  • Advanced Driver Assistance
  • Cooperative Infrastructure
  • Automated Driving

8
Driver Assistance SystemsNight Vision
9
Driver Assistance Systems Adaptive Cruise
Control
  • ACC Foot-free driving
  • Now on the market for 1500-2000
  • Trucks US (2000)
  • Cars Japan (1997), Europe (1999), US (2000)
  • Arizona considering opening HOV lanes to
    Intelligent Vehicles, to incentivize public to
    adopt systems

10
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11
Driver Assistance Systems Adaptive Cruise
Control
  • Next generation
  • stop-n-go traffic operation
  • intelligent infrastructure
  • sensing external factors and communicating to
    vehicle ACC
  • now beginning international standards process

12
Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Heavy Trucks
  • Heavy trucks are where the market action is
  • Roughly 50,000 heavy trucks equipped with
    Eaton-Vorad radar-based system
  • covers forward zone and right blind spot
  • selling thousands per year
  • accident reductions of 50 or greater reported
    for some fleets
  • Lane departure warning entered heavy truck market
    in 1999
  • based on image processing
  • first on Mercedes trucks (Europe), followed by
    Freightliner (Iteris system)
  • now a factory option from Kenworth (SafeTRAC)
  • suitable for automotive aftermarket

13
Assistwares Lane Departure Warning System
14
Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Transit Buses
  • Performance Specs in Development
  • Forward Collision Warning
  • San Mateo (Ca.) transit system with Calif. PATH
  • Rear Impact CW
  • Ann Arbor Transit with Veridian
  • Lane Change / Merge CW
  • Pittsburgh Transit (100 buses) with Carnegie
    Mellon
  • also initial research in Pedestrian Detection /
    Avoidance

15
Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Automotive (1)
  • Adaptive Cruise Control systems are edging in
    this direction
  • Ford signed agreement with Iteris for Lane
    Departure Warning Systems for MY2003
  • Japan SmartCruise systems
  • CW for forward obstacles/vehicles, road/lane
    departure, intersections, crossing paths,
    pedestrians, road condition
  • Systems also take control if driver does not heed
    warning
  • Major demo Nov 28 - Dec 1 near Tokyo

16
Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Automotive (2)
  • USDOT-Industry Joint Pre-competitive Enabling
    Research agreement in the works
  • Ford, GM, DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, Toyota
    Navigation Technologies
  • Key focus areas
  • Enhanced digital maps to augment collision
    warning systems
  • Develop driver workload performance metrics
  • Additional work in test methodologies for CW

17
Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Specialty Vehicles
  • Magnetic lane marking enables snowplow operations
    in zero visibility (Ca, Az, Mn)
  • Will car/truck products emerge to use
    magnet-marked roads?
  • Magnetic lane marking tape and vehicle system
    recently commercialized by 3M (Lane Awareness
    System)

18
Lane Awareness System Sensor Bar on Snowplow
19
Driver Assistance Systems Collision Avoidance
  • Activity in forward CA, vehicle dynamics control,
    lane departure prevention, ACC w/brake actuation
  • US Infrastructure Consortium looking at
    intersection collision avoidance techniques
  • NHTSA-GM 35M cost-shared project ACAS
  • using radar, vision for forward sensing
  • extensive algorithm development, vehicle
    integration, human factors (warnings), data
    collection, evaluation
  • naturalistic test with ten Buick LeSabres starts
    in 2002
  • Major benefits in congestion relief
  • most of non-recurring congestion due to
    fender-benders

20
Driver Assistance SystemsImpairment Monitoring
  • Technology exists to monitor driving performance
    physiological factors
  • Technology Approaches
  • Ocular measures -- image processing,
    eye-tracking
  • Doppler radar illumination of face/body
  • Head movement monitoring using capacitor plates
  • Stereo image processing of eyes/face/head
  • Lane-keeping steering input patterns

21
HeadtrakProximity Array Sensing System
22
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
  • Co-Pilot functions will continue to emerge
  • Stop-n-go ACC for congested traffic (2003)
  • Lane keeping on freeways (2004)
  • The Killer App Low Speed Automation!
  • Automated throttle, brakes, steering in tedious
    stop-n-go traffic
  • being developed in Europe, Japan
  • availability as early as 2005 overseas, 2007 in
    U.S.??

23
Automated Driving Simply a Matter of Time
  • Hands-off, feet-off driving customers want it
  • Demonstrated in 1997 by National Automated
    Highway System Consortium
  • Basic system capability exists
  • machine intelligence machine perception now
    being refined by researchers (California PATH,
    Ohio State U., France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
    Korea)
  • must transform into an affordable, trustworthy
    product
  • Bishop prediction available in 2010
  • Revolutionary changes in societyltgttravel

24
Automated DrivingPassenger Cars (1)
  • California PATH work continuing since Demo 97 to
    refine algorithms, hardware for both cars and
    heavy trucks
  • Mechanical Engineering Lab (Japan)
  • cooperative driving using 5.8 GHz DSRC
    intervehicle communication, DGPS, machine vision,
    radar, laser
  • Public demo announced for Nov. 22-27 near Tokyo
  • LIVIC La Route Automatisée program
  • French research labs INRIA, INRETS, LCPC and OEM
    partners
  • focusing on sensor fusion in CARSENSE
  • scenarios and deployment paths defined for rural,
    intercity, and commuter scenarios

25
Automated DrivingPassenger Cars (2)
  • Korea University KAV-5 relies on four cameras
    to follow road, vehicles
  • University of Parma (Italy) ARGO vision-based
    autonomous vehicle
  • successfully completed 2000 km tour of Italian
    roads
  • Arizona conducted a planning study for
    automated lanes in median of Interstate 10
    (Phoenix-Tucson)

26
Automated Driving Heavy Trucks
  • CHAUFFEUR program in Europe demonstrated
    electronic tow-bar in 1999
  • Lead truck closely followed by fully automated
    second truck
  • Using vehicle-vehicle communication, image
    processing, active infrared, radar
  • CHAUFFEUR II implementing multiple trucks in
    platoons and improved image processing
  • Led by DaimlerChrysler with Renault VI, Iveco,
    Bosch, others as partners
  • Study group of State DOTs is forming to consider
    adding automated truck lanes to Interstate 10,
    coast-to-coast

27
Automated DrivingTransit Buses
  • Bus Rapid Transit concept seeks to combine
    rail-like capacity with flexibility of buses
  • Exclusive lane operation in urban areas sometimes
    requires narrow lanes and lateral guidance
  • Guided bus systems being implemented in France,
    Netherlands, UK, USA
  • Toyota Intelligent Multimodal Transit System
  • fully automated, using platooning techniques
  • Expect advanced electronically guided bus systems
    in operation by 2002
  • People-movers free ranging systems open up new
    possibilities for parking shuttles, urban centers

28
Automated DrivingDemo 2002
  • California DOT taking a lead role to stimulate
    the implementation of automated vehicles -- key
    to congestion relief
  • sees trucks / buses as precursor to cars
  • Caltrans sponsoring Demo 2002
  • Trucks in electronic towbar convoys
  • Bus trains
  • California PATH leading development

29
Automated VehiclesMilitary / Industrial
  • USDOD sponsoring 50 Demo III project
  • autonomous unmanned scout vehicles
  • off-road operation at 20 mph
  • on-road operation at 40 mph
  • using extensive sensor suite MMW radar, foliage
    penetrating radar, laser scanner, FLIR,
    monochrome and color vision, stereo vision
  • Four vehicle undergoing rugged testing with the
    troops in October 2000

30
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31
Automated VehiclesMilitary / Industrial
  • Port automation automated freight container
    movement (Rotterdam)
  • Autonomous mining vehicles
  • Australian Centre for Field Robotics
  • strip mining
  • underground mining

32
Summary
  • Theres a lot going on! . A diverse array of
    activity for all vehicle types
  • Look for increasingly intelligent vehicles to
    move most rapidly into commercial vehicle markets
    -- business-centered systems where the
    intelligence enhances the bottom line
  • Look for consumers to become increasingly
    comfortable with driver aids and demand more
    relief from the tedium of driving .and look for
    the technology to deliver.

33
Resources / Events
  • ITS World Congress Intelligent Vehicle Exhibition
  • November 6-9, Turin, Italy
  • Japans Demo 2000 (www.ahsra.or.jp)
  • November 27 - December 1, Tsukuba City, Japan
  • ITS America (www.itsa.org)
  • www.IVsource.net -- Continued updates and
    reporting

34
  • Thank you.
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