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Management of Sows

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3.1.1 Objectives of feeding lactating sows. 1. High milk yield ... 3.1.4 Feed Ingredients for lactating sows. Same as for gestating sows. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Management of Sows


1
Management of Sows
2
Sow ManagementOutline
  • 1. Management of gilts
  • 2. Management of gestating sows
  • 3. Management of lactating sows
  • 4. Management from Weaning to breeding

3
1. Gilt Management
4
1.1 Number of gilts needed
  • Depends on sow culling rate
  • Usually around 20 first litter sows (18-25)
  • With 2.5 litters/sow/year 50 gilts/year
  • On 600 sow farm 300 gilts needed per year
  • If 75 of gilts are used 400 gilts should be
    purchased or produced

5
1.2 Gilts in Isolation
  • Gilts in Isolation every 10 weeks
  • Age should be between 3 and 5 month
  • After 8 weeks Move gilts to sow unit
  • Clean isolation between groups

6
1.3 Why have gilts in isolation
  • 1. Prevent disease introduction in herd
  • 2. Prepare gilts to enter farm
  • Vaccinations
  • Adaptation
  • 3. Control of health status
  • Bleeding

7
1.4 Feeding strategy for non-bred gilts
  • Feed ad lib until 70-80 kg
  • Use normal nursery/grower diet
  • Feed 75 of ad lib during rest of period
  • Use lactation diet or similar

8
1.5 Breeding the Gilts
  • Move gilts to breeding barn
  • Boar exposure
  • Feed ad libitum - add sex mixture
  • Move around
  • Spray with cold water 10 min/day
  • Breed in 2nd or 3rd estrus

9
2. Management of Gestating Sows
10
2. Gestation Management
  • 2.1. Feed and feed adjustments
  • 2.2. Reproductive checks
  • 2.3. Disease management
  • 2.4. Daily chores

11
2.1.1 Feeding gestating gilts and sows
  • 1 Day 1-21 Implantation
  • 2 Day 22-90 Body condition
  • 3 Day 91-112 Fetal growth
  • 4 Day 113-115 Prepare farrowing

12
2.1.2 Feeding curves in gestation(kg/day, 3.0 -
3.2 Mcal/kg)
Remember Adjustments for temp. if lower than 20oC
13
2.1.3 Feed Adjustments
  • On a weekly basis, all sows are checked for body
    condition and moved to different curve if
    necessary
  • Use diets that meet the nutritional requirement
    of gestating sows and gilts
  • Table 14 in SD NE Swine Nutrition Guide
  • If same diet used for gilts and sows, remember
    that gilts have higher aa requirements than sows.

14
2.1.4 Importance of right body condition
  • Fat sows and gilts
  • Diabetes
  • Difficulties farrowing their pigs
  • Reduced feed intake in lactation
  • Reduced milk yield in lactation
  • Shorter longevity

15
2.1.5 Water
  • Sows should have free access to water 24 h per
    day
  • Check water quality
  • Water from pump better than water from nipples
  • Give water several times per day

16
2.2. Reproductive Checks
17
2.2.1 Barn Management
  • Place sows after day of breeding
  • Keep breeding groups together
  • Move sows out if they return to heat
  • Use color scheme for each group

18
2.2.2 Reproduction Checkups
  • Check for heat every day
  • Concentrate on sows 3, 6,and 9 wks post breeding
    (same color)
  • Pregnancy check 4-5 wks post breeding
  • Ultra sound
  • Scanning

19
2.2.3 Efficiency of heat check
  • Important to spend all the time that is necessary
    for efficient heat check of gestating sows every
    day
  • The closer the average breeding to rebreeding
    interval is to 21 days, the better a job did you
    do heat checking gest. sows

20
2.3. Disease Management
21
2.3. Disease Management
  • Make sure vaccination program is followed
  • Many vaccinations 3 wks pre-partum
  • If diseases in farrowing unit, discuss medication
    of gestating sows with vet.
  • Look for urinary tract diseases in gest. unit
  • Keep high sanitation level in barn

22
2.4 Daily chores in gestation barn
23
2.4 Daily chores in gestation barn
  • Feeding
  • Check that all sows eat their ration
  • Check heat
  • Check for urinary tract diseases
  • Measure urinary pH
  • Check for other diseases and abnormalities
  • bad legs or feet

24
3. Management of Lactating Sows
25
3. Management of lactating sows
  • 3.1. Feeding
  • 3.2. Management around parturition
  • 3.3. Piglet management
  • 3.4 Daily chores

26
3.1.1 Objectives of feeding lactating sows
  • 1. High milk yield
  • More milk decreases preweaning mortality and
    increases weaning weight
  • 2. Prevent BW loss
  • Low weight loss improves the chances of the sow
    returning to heat right after weaning

27
3.1.2 Feeding strategy for lactating sows
  • Day 1-2 2 kg per day
  • Day 3-4 4 kg per day
  • Day 5- weaning Ad Libitum (semi ad.lib)
  • Check sows 30 min. after feeding
  • if feeder completely clean, give more feed next
    time
  • if feed left in feeder, give less feed next time
  • if crumples left in feeder, give same amount next
    time

28
3.1.3. How to get high feed intake
  • Make sure water is available all the time
  • Include fat in diet (Increases energy)
  • Barn temperature around 20oC
  • drip cooling if hot
  • Feed at least 2 times a day - 3 is better
  • Dont let feed sit in feeder

29
3.1.4 Feed Ingredients for lactating sows
  • Same as for gestating sows.
  • Keep fiber levels relatively low
  • OK to use synthetic AA
  • Fish meal may be included
  • Include oil or fat
  • Dont change ingredients from gestation to
    lactation

30
3.1.5 Nutrients in lactation diets
  • Table 14 in Swine Nutrition Guide
  • Nutrient requirement depend on milk yield and
    daily feed intake
  • If FI low, more concentrated diets are needed.
  • Vitamin fortification may need to be improved in
    high producing sows

31
3.1.6 Calculating the lysine need
32
3.1.7. Lysine concentration in diet
  • Week 3 74,1 g/day
  • Conc. if eating 9 kg/day 0,82
  • Conc. If eating 6 kg/day 1.24

33
3.2 Management Around Parturition
34
3.2.1 Management around parturitionObjectives
  • Avoid problems during parturition
  • Decrease number of still born pigs
  • Make sure live borns get colostrum and warm
    surrounding
  • Make sure sow is treated if she gets sick

35
3.2.2 General Points
  • Clean and disinfect barn
  • Low feed intake before and after
  • Plenty of water
  • Watch farrowings if possible
  • Assist sow in farrowing if needed

36
3.2.3. Inductions of Farrowings
  • Use prostaglandins or oxytocin
  • Induce no earlier than d 113
  • sows will farrow 24-30 h later
  • Only induce sows that look ready to farrow
  • Otherwise too many small piglets

37
3.3. Piglet Management
38
3.3.1. Litter Standardization
  • Move pigs around 24-48 h post partum
  • Give all sows 10-12 pigs
  • Make nurse sows if too many piglets
  • use older sows weaned at 14 d for this
  • Move all small pigs into same litter
  • use 2nd parity sow for these pigs

39
3.4 Daily chores in farrowing barn
40
3.4.1 Daily sow check-ups
  • Feed sows
  • Check sows for discharges and diseases
  • Treat sows that need it
  • Check temperature, vent., drip cooling etc.
  • Look for cull sows

41
3.4.2 Daily pig check-ups
  • Get all pigs up and running around
  • Look for bad joints and diarrhea
  • Treat sick piglets
  • Remove pigs that are getting behind
  • Give milk replacer to litters with small pigs
  • Give creep feed after day 8

42
4. Management from Weaning to Breeding
43
4.1 Weaning
  • Wean sows Wednesdays or Thursdays
  • Move sows to breeding barn
  • Give sows direct boar contact
  • Box sows individually in breeding barn
  • Turn light on at least 14 h per d

44
4.2 Feeding
  • Feed ad libitum w. lactation diet
  • give sex mixture
  • Water freely available

45
4.3 Breeding
  • Start heat checking d. 5 post weaning
  • Breed at least twice with 24 h intervals
  • Use AI or natural breeding
  • If natural breeding Hand breed
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