ENTERPRISE EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS CASE VAASA

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ENTERPRISE EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS CASE VAASA

• ICELAND , JUNE 2009
• JOUKO HAVUNEN
• UNIVERSITY OF VAASA
• FINLAND

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ENTERPRISE EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS- CASE VAASA,
FINLAND

• BACKGROUND
• PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT
• RESULTS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION
• CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS
• THE STEPS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION

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BACKGROU ND

• What is enterprise education
• Integrating entrepreneurship in the education
  system
• -internal entrepreneurship related to a set
  of personal attributes like creativity,
  flexibility, courage, initiative, risk
  management, self-directiveness, co- operation
  skills, and achievement motivation a way of
  thinking and acting as in an enterprising
  employee
• -external entrepreneurship related to the
  production of goods and services setting up
  and running ones business

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• Why and how we started it in Vaasa
• -recession and unemployment situation in
  Finland at early 1990-
• -the old centralised curricula planning and
  class-room pedagogy were under change
• -entrepreneurship education was included as
  one of the goals in the national education
  development plan for the years 1991-1996
• -the regional entrepreneurs association gave a
  memorandum for promoting enterprise education in
  1992

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• initiatives taken by some schools/teachers and
  directors in the City of Vaasa and some experts
  in University of Vaasa for launching the
  entrepreneurship education to schools
• Experts from University of Vaasa wrote series of
  articles about promoting entrepreneurship via
  local newspaper 1993
• The Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE) sended the
  articles in the interview form via radio
• Agreement about the special Entrepreneurship
  Education Project was agreed between City of
  Vaasa, local Universities and the National Board
  of Education in 1994

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• University of Vaasa offers the entrepreneurship
  education training programme (6 days) for
  teachers representing all the levels of education
  (100 participants)
• The idea was to get a lead teacher in
  entrepreneurship education to all the communities
  in the Province of Vaasa
• International benchmarking, information
  seminars for all teachers in the City of Vaasa

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• The first integrated curriculum for
  entrepreneurship education in the City of Vaasas
  schools (starting 1995) including objectives,
  content and quidelines for implementation in
• -pre-primary and beginner grades of primary
  education (grades 0-3)
• -grades 4-6 in primary education
• -grades 7-9 in lower secondary education
• -grades 10-12 in upper secondary schools and
  vocational institutes

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• Principles for implementation
• -both internal and external aspects should be
  included
• -the whole education chain from grade 0-12 should
  be included
• -at earlier education levels the focus is on
  internal entrepreneurship and include activities
  which strenghten enterprising attributes

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• -external entrepreneurship aspects would cover
  start-up processes, entrepreneurship and
  management skills and entrepreneurship and
  business activities and be introduced at the
  upper secondary level
• -no special entrepreneurship subject
  entrepreneurship education as an integrated
  model
• -more method than content

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• Attitudes-----------------------------------------
  ------gt
• Knowledge----------------------gt
• Skills------gt
• Grades 0-3 Grades 4-9 Grades 10-

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Methods that support internal entrepreneurship

• -Personality strengthening -Learning
  motivation -Teaching environment -Learning
  situation

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PERSONALITY STRENGHTENING

• encouraging
• giving responsibility and challenges
• trusting and listening and giving feedback
• accepting different views
• using teaching methods that support creativity

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LEARNING MOTIVATION

• -involvement in planning-freedom of
  choice-challenges and feedback-cooperation with
  parents-timing of taks according to childrens
  readiness

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TEACHING ENVIRONMENT AND LEARNING SITUATION

• -seucure both physically and mentally-stimulatin
  g and versatile-all everyday events are
  learning situations-excurisons,
  visits/visitors-acting, drama, parties

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PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT

• In Vaasa and regionally
• -many kinds of experiments in schools (projects,
• friendship-companies, student-companies,
  happenings )
• -seminars and continuing education for teachers
• (2008 a program for City of Vaasa teachers
  enterprising
• pedagogy, networks for schools, school as an
  enterprising
• organisation)
• -from class-rooms to co-operation with the
• business and society
• -visitors from Finland and abroad
• -research, material , data bases and training
  methods
• -new regional coordination project 2009-

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• In Finland
• coordinated national effort to advance
  entrepreneurship in Finland Decade of
  Entrepreneurship 1995-2005
• -further strengthening of positive
  attitudes towards entrepreneurship
• -promoting the intensification and
  diversification of entrepreneurship and
  enterprise education and training
• -advancing a more encouraging line of
  action in the society towards
  entrepreneurship and enterprise
• -bringing up a more active and
  enterprising generation

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• many kinds of experiments in different regions
  and schools (projects, student-companies,
  happenings, fairs, etc)
• support from the key persons
• -President Martti Ahtisaari Finland needs a
  new entrepreneurial generation
• -CEO of Nokia, Jorma Ollila In the future
  everyone is her/his own employer independently
  of if she/he is an entrepreneur or working as an
  employee
• -seminars, books, training material, research

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• Internationally
• different kinds of experiments
• transnational entrepreneurship education projects
  in Europe
• EU-Canada entrepreneurship education project
• GEBP-project (Sweden, UK, Ireland etc)
• contacts to Japan
• research, seminars and congresses

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RESULTS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION

• Report by the National Board of Education
• -An integrated entrepreneurship education
  curriculum is especially important in helping the
  learner to construct a comprehensive picture of
  entrepreneurship

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• -The most important thing is that the learner
  changes and develops a positive attitude towards
  entrepreneurship. The effects of this change will
  later be seen in all sectors of society.
• Results in schools
• -cultural outcomes
• -image outcomes
• -resource outcomes

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• Cultural outcomes
• raising of staff and student motivation
• removal of resistance to change
• idea generation as the norm
• Image outcomes
• -external image of school
• -increase in links outside
• -increased involvement of parents
• Resource outcomes
• -extra finance for improvements and for new ideas

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School-industry cooperation

• Benefits for the school
• -positive publicity
• -extra resource
• -development forum for teachers
• -development partner for school organisation

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• Benefits for teachers
• -understanding the business reality
• -new knowledge and skills
• -ideas for own work
• -personal development
• -cases to the class room
• -development of teaching methods
• -increase in motivation

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• Benefits for the students
• -understanding the work and working life
• -understanding the business proceses
• -testing her/his own skills
• -financial support
• Benefits for the company
• -positive image (even for future recruiting
  purposes)
• -partnership possibilities (customer, labour,
• professional development)

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• Results in the society (macro level)
• -entrepreneurship education now involved in the
  National Curriculum Quidelines
• -optional subject in basic teacher education
• -entrepreneurship education is mentioned and
  used as one of the measures for regional
  development
• -promotion of entrepreneurship and the
  development of entrepreneurship education go now
  hand-in-hand

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CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS

• business/community/school /home partnerships
• entrepreneurship education champions or lead
  teachers in every school
• involvement of teachers enterprising school
• entrepreneurship education for teachers
• teacher support and exchange/communication
  opportunities
• external evaluation feedback (in the future)

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Critical success factors

• resource materials
• budget allocations for development of
  entrepreneurship education initiatives
• promotion of entrepreneurship/enteprise within
  the society/community in general
• entrepreneurship included in National Curriculum
  quidelines
• research and databases

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ENTERPRISE EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL

• AN ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
• AN ENTREPRENEURIAL ORGANISATION
• CREATING ENTREPRENEURIAL WEALTH

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The steps of enterprise education