Title: The%20Black%20Death
1The Black Death
- Life, Death and Changes in the Middle Ages
- 1300 - 1450
2Time Traveler Could you blend in?
- What would you change about your appearance?
3So, what was life like?
4Housing Life in the Castle
- Smokey, Smelly and filthy!
- Lack of privacy.
- But safe usually!
5Life in the Castles
- Castles were not for comfort.
- Safety first and foremost!
- The noble, his family and loyal knights who could
fight. - Food and livestock
- Wealth.
- Peasants IF there was any room left.
- Not often!
6Life for the Peasants
- Smokey, smelly and filthy.
- A lack of color in life.
- Very little safety!
- Had to defend themselves.
- Had to do whatever the nobles wanted them to do.
7Life of the Church
- Middle Ages the Church was Catholic.
- The great monasteries were being built.
- Places of wealth, learning, sometimes hospitality
for travelers and the sick.
8Statistics of the 1300s (before the Plague)
- Average Life Expectancy
- 30
- Average Pregnancy Rate for Women
- 17, with 50 chance of dying in childbirth.
- Infant Mortality Rate
- 70
9Health and Diet
- If a noble
- starlings, vultures, gulls, herons, cormorants,
swans, cranes, peacocks, capons, chickens,
dogfish, porpoises, seals, whale, haddock,
hedgehogs, cod, salmon, sardines, lamprey eels,
crayfish and oysters. Turnips, parsnips, carrots,
peas and fava beans were common vegetables, and
use of onions and garlic was common. - LOTS of wine and ale.
- 2 meals a day
10Health and Diet for Peasants?
- 2 - 3 pounds of bread, 8 ounces of meat or fish
and 2 -3 pints of ale per day. The bread was
usually mean of rye, oats, or barley. - Meat was expensive and usually only available on
special occasions. Often eggs, butter, or cheese
were substituted for meat.
11Health and Diet for Peasants
- Vegetables such as onions, leeks, cabbage,
garlic, turnips, parsnips, peas and beans were
staples. Fruits were available in season. - 2 meals a day.
12Health
- No antibiotics.
- No understanding of sanitation.
- A belief that illness was Gods punishment for
something you have done. - Pilgrimages and penance would make you well.
13Life was pretty much the same from 900 - 1300
- You couldve traveled throughout Europe and not
found many differences. - Most people didnt travel more than seven miles
from their homes. - Exceptions Crusaders, Pilgrimages, Wars, and
Entertainers.
14So, What Changed?
- Trade, The Hundred Year War, and the Black Death
15Two Big Changes in the 1300s
- A merchant class was just beginning.
- Traveling to bring back goods from the Middle
East and Asia.
16The Silk Road
- 5000 miles.
- Average Travel Time for a person to leave Europe,
travel to China or India and return? - 7 10 years.
17The Silk Road
18What was so valuable to bring back?
- silk, satins, musks, rubies, diamonds, pearls,
ivory, gold, glass, porcelain, exotic animals and
plants. - Spices!
- PEPPER!
- Salts
- Rhubarb??
19Marco Polo
- With his father and uncle he made the entire
trip. - Gone 24 years.
- Brought back pasta, rubies, silks, a compass, and
incredible stories. - The Book of Wonders
20Life was changing because of trade!
- Europe was getting a taste for the goods from
Asia and the Middle East.
21The Second Big Change in the 1300s
- The Hundred Years War.
- How long did the Hundred Years War last???
- 117 years!
- 1336 1453 (off and on)
- 81 years of actual fighting
22BRIEFLY What was this war about?
- Who should be the king of France?
- The Kings of England thought they should.
- The French didnt like the idea of English kings
over them.
23For MOST of those years, England kicked French
butt!
24The English Longbow
25With a War going on
- There was a great deal of travel happening across
Northern Europe. - War has a habit of destroying the food supplies
for the poor weakening them.
26There MIGHT have been another problem happening
as well
- A mini-ice age?
- Global Cooling?
27Famine 1319
28Was this weird weather in 1319 caused by a lack
of sunspots?
291346
- What conditions made the population ripe for a
plaque to hit?
301347 The Arrival of the Black Death
- Remember the path of the Silk Road?
31The Path of the Plague
321347 The Arrival in Europe
- Reports of Plague in Asia.
- Disregarded that was as remote as Mars is to
us. - That is, until the first ship arrived in Italy
with the Black Death
33The Plague arrives in Europe
- October 1347, a fleet of Genoese trading ships
fleeing Caffa reached the port of Messina in
Sicily. By the time the fleet reached Messina,
all the crew members were either infected or
dead. Some ships were found grounded on
shorelines, with no one aboard remaining alive.
34The Plague Spreads
- The men who boarded the ships and took the
merchandise off, carried the plague back to
Europe.
35Description of the Black Death
- "They died by the hundreds, both day and night,
and all were thrown in ditches and covered with
earth. And as soon as those ditches were filled,
more were dug. And I, Agnolo di Tura buried my
five children with my own hands And so many
died that all believed it was the end of the
world."30
36What was the Black Death?
- Bubonic Plague
- 1347 1352 killed 25 million people in Europe.
- 200 million killed globally.
- 40 of the population.
- ONLY the American Continent appears to have been
unaffected.
37Symptoms
- He dined with us at noon and dined with his
ancestors by night.
38Symptoms
- It started with a headache. Then chills and
fever, which left him exhausted and prostrate.
Maybe he experienced nausea, vomiting, back pain,
soreness in his arms and legs. Perhaps bright
light was too bright to stand.
39Symptoms
- Within a day or two, the swellings appeared. They
were hard, painful, burning lumps on his neck,
under his arms, on his inner thighs. Soon they
turned black, split open, and began to ooze pus
and blood. They may have grown to the size of an
orange.
40Symptoms
- Maybe he recovered. It was possible to recover.
But more than likely, death would come quickly.
Yet... perhaps not quickly enough. Because after
the lumps appeared he would start to bleed
internally. There would be blood in his urine,
blood in his stool, and blood puddling under his
skin, resulting in black boils and spots all over
his body.
41Symptoms
- Everything that came out of his body smelled
utterly revolting. He would suffer great pain
before he breathed his last. And he would die
barely a week after he first contracted the
disease.
42How did the Black Death spread?
- Way 1 Bites from infected rodent fleas
43The First Type of Bubonic Plague
- How did the way people lived allow this kind of
plague to spread? - If someone was strong, it would take a week to
die.
44The Grim Reaper
- The Plague was did not discriminate in killing.
- Young
- Old
- Healthy
- Rich
- Poor
45The Plague took another turn
- The second way to get infected
- Pneumonic Plague spread from person to person
through breathing the same air and inhaling
airborne droplets from the infected.
46This Plague was particularly deadly
- The infected often were dead within 24 48 hours
of the onset of symptoms.
47The Third Way the Plague Spread
- Attacking the blood stream in victims.
- Also very, very deadly.
48Images of the Black Death
- Some people took to wearing these masks to try to
protect themselves. - Nose stuffed with burned sage to filter the air.
- Face cover and goggles to keep from exposing your
face to the black death.
49Images of the Black Death
- Many thought it was the end of the world.
50What would you do?
- If you were surrounded by so much death and
couldnt explain why it was happening, what would
you do? - Remember what the people at that time thought
about illness!
51How People Reacted
- Turned to the Church for protection.
- Thought if they lived more holy lives
- made pilgrimages to show their faith
- touched and kept holy relics theyd be safe
from the Black Death.
52How People Reacted
- Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we will
die. - Live for the moment.
- Did some cruel things because they didnt think
there was any worse punishment that could happen
to them.
53How People Reacted
- Tried to find causes for the Plague.
- Blamed things that were different and tried to
destroy them, thinking that would make God
forgive them or get rid of the Black Death.
54How People Reacted
- Massacres
- Jews
- Lepers
- Many burnings of witches
- Sought out any HERESY in belief.
55How People Reacted
- The people of Paris, France thought the plague
was caused by cats. - The Great Cat Massacre.
- The Plague was worse in France!
56The Breakdown of Social Order
- One citizen avoided another, hardly any neighbour
troubled about others, relatives never or hardly
ever visited each other. Moreover, such terror
was struck into the hearts of men and women by
this calamity, that brother abandoned brother,
and the uncle his nephew, and the sister her
brother, and very often the wife her husband.
57The Breakdown of Social Order
- What is even worse and nearly incredible is that
fathers and mothers refused to see and tend their
children, as if they had not been theirs.
58The Breakdown of Social Order
- "The plight of the lower and most of the middle
classes was even more pitiful to behold. Most of
them remained in their houses, either through
poverty or in hopes of safety, and fell sick by
thousands. Since they received no care and
attention, almost all of them died. Many ended
their lives in the streets both at night and
during the day
59The Breakdown of Social Order
- and many others who died in their houses were
only known to be dead because the neighbours
smelled their decaying bodies. Dead bodies filled
every corner.
60Descriptions
- The Italian writer Giovanni Boccaccio lived
through the plague as it ravaged the city of
Florence in 1348. The experience inspired him to
write The Decameron, a story of seven men and
three women who escape the disease by fleeing to
a villa outside the city.
61By 1352 The Plague had died out
- Even though there were outbreaks until 1669, it
was never again quite as bad.
62How do you think the Black Death would change how
people looked at the world?
- Those who survived the Black Death believed that
there was something special about them almost
as if God had protected them. - Therefore, they took the opportunity offered by
the disease to improve their lifestyle.