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The Black Death. Life, Death and Changes in the Middle Ages. 1300 - 1450 ... The Grim Reaper. The Plague was did not discriminate in killing. Young. Old. Healthy ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The%20Black%20Death


1
The Black Death
  • Life, Death and Changes in the Middle Ages
  • 1300 - 1450

2
Time Traveler Could you blend in?
  • What would you change about your appearance?

3
So, what was life like?
4
Housing Life in the Castle
  • Smokey, Smelly and filthy!
  • Lack of privacy.
  • But safe usually!

5
Life in the Castles
  • Castles were not for comfort.
  • Safety first and foremost!
  • The noble, his family and loyal knights who could
    fight.
  • Food and livestock
  • Wealth.
  • Peasants IF there was any room left.
  • Not often!

6
Life for the Peasants
  • Smokey, smelly and filthy.
  • A lack of color in life.
  • Very little safety!
  • Had to defend themselves.
  • Had to do whatever the nobles wanted them to do.

7
Life of the Church
  • Middle Ages the Church was Catholic.
  • The great monasteries were being built.
  • Places of wealth, learning, sometimes hospitality
    for travelers and the sick.

8
Statistics of the 1300s (before the Plague)
  • Average Life Expectancy
  • 30
  • Average Pregnancy Rate for Women
  • 17, with 50 chance of dying in childbirth.
  • Infant Mortality Rate
  • 70

9
Health and Diet
  • If a noble
  • starlings, vultures, gulls, herons, cormorants,
    swans, cranes, peacocks, capons, chickens,
    dogfish, porpoises, seals, whale, haddock,
    hedgehogs, cod, salmon, sardines, lamprey eels,
    crayfish and oysters. Turnips, parsnips, carrots,
    peas and fava beans were common vegetables, and
    use of onions and garlic was common.
  • LOTS of wine and ale.
  • 2 meals a day

10
Health and Diet for Peasants?
  • 2 - 3 pounds of bread, 8 ounces of meat or fish
    and 2 -3 pints of ale per day. The bread was
    usually mean of rye, oats, or barley.
  • Meat was expensive and usually only available on
    special occasions. Often eggs, butter, or cheese
    were substituted for meat.

11
Health and Diet for Peasants
  • Vegetables such as onions, leeks, cabbage,
    garlic, turnips, parsnips, peas and beans were
    staples. Fruits were available in season.
  • 2 meals a day.

12
Health
  • No antibiotics.
  • No understanding of sanitation.
  • A belief that illness was Gods punishment for
    something you have done.
  • Pilgrimages and penance would make you well.

13
Life was pretty much the same from 900 - 1300
  • You couldve traveled throughout Europe and not
    found many differences.
  • Most people didnt travel more than seven miles
    from their homes.
  • Exceptions Crusaders, Pilgrimages, Wars, and
    Entertainers.

14
So, What Changed?
  • Trade, The Hundred Year War, and the Black Death

15
Two Big Changes in the 1300s
  • A merchant class was just beginning.
  • Traveling to bring back goods from the Middle
    East and Asia.

16
The Silk Road
  • 5000 miles.
  • Average Travel Time for a person to leave Europe,
    travel to China or India and return?
  • 7 10 years.

17
The Silk Road
18
What was so valuable to bring back?
  • silk, satins, musks, rubies, diamonds, pearls,
    ivory, gold, glass, porcelain, exotic animals and
    plants.
  • Spices!
  • PEPPER!
  • Salts
  • Rhubarb??

19
Marco Polo
  • With his father and uncle he made the entire
    trip.
  • Gone 24 years.
  • Brought back pasta, rubies, silks, a compass, and
    incredible stories.
  • The Book of Wonders

20
Life was changing because of trade!
  • Europe was getting a taste for the goods from
    Asia and the Middle East.

21
The Second Big Change in the 1300s
  • The Hundred Years War.
  • How long did the Hundred Years War last???
  • 117 years!
  • 1336 1453 (off and on)
  • 81 years of actual fighting

22
BRIEFLY What was this war about?
  • Who should be the king of France?
  • The Kings of England thought they should.
  • The French didnt like the idea of English kings
    over them.

23
For MOST of those years, England kicked French
butt!
24
The English Longbow
25
With a War going on
  • There was a great deal of travel happening across
    Northern Europe.
  • War has a habit of destroying the food supplies
    for the poor weakening them.

26
There MIGHT have been another problem happening
as well
  • A mini-ice age?
  • Global Cooling?

27
Famine 1319
28
Was this weird weather in 1319 caused by a lack
of sunspots?
29
1346
  • What conditions made the population ripe for a
    plaque to hit?

30
1347 The Arrival of the Black Death
  • Remember the path of the Silk Road?

31
The Path of the Plague
32
1347 The Arrival in Europe
  • Reports of Plague in Asia.
  • Disregarded that was as remote as Mars is to
    us.
  • That is, until the first ship arrived in Italy
    with the Black Death

33
The Plague arrives in Europe
  • October 1347, a fleet of Genoese trading ships
    fleeing Caffa reached the port of Messina in
    Sicily. By the time the fleet reached Messina,
    all the crew members were either infected or
    dead. Some ships were found grounded on
    shorelines, with no one aboard remaining alive.

34
The Plague Spreads
  • The men who boarded the ships and took the
    merchandise off, carried the plague back to
    Europe.

35
Description of the Black Death
  • "They died by the hundreds, both day and night,
    and all were thrown in ditches and covered with
    earth. And as soon as those ditches were filled,
    more were dug. And I, Agnolo di Tura buried my
    five children with my own hands And so many
    died that all believed it was the end of the
    world."30

36
What was the Black Death?
  • Bubonic Plague
  • 1347 1352 killed 25 million people in Europe.
  • 200 million killed globally.
  • 40 of the population.
  • ONLY the American Continent appears to have been
    unaffected.

37
Symptoms
  • He dined with us at noon and dined with his
    ancestors by night.

38
Symptoms
  • It started with a headache. Then chills and
    fever, which left him exhausted and prostrate.
    Maybe he experienced nausea, vomiting, back pain,
    soreness in his arms and legs. Perhaps bright
    light was too bright to stand.

39
Symptoms
  • Within a day or two, the swellings appeared. They
    were hard, painful, burning lumps on his neck,
    under his arms, on his inner thighs. Soon they
    turned black, split open, and began to ooze pus
    and blood. They may have grown to the size of an
    orange.

40
Symptoms
  • Maybe he recovered. It was possible to recover.
    But more than likely, death would come quickly.
    Yet... perhaps not quickly enough. Because after
    the lumps appeared he would start to bleed
    internally. There would be blood in his urine,
    blood in his stool, and blood puddling under his
    skin, resulting in black boils and spots all over
    his body.

41
Symptoms
  • Everything that came out of his body smelled
    utterly revolting. He would suffer great pain
    before he breathed his last. And he would die
    barely a week after he first contracted the
    disease.

42
How did the Black Death spread?
  • Way 1 Bites from infected rodent fleas

43
The First Type of Bubonic Plague
  • How did the way people lived allow this kind of
    plague to spread?
  • If someone was strong, it would take a week to
    die.

44
The Grim Reaper
  • The Plague was did not discriminate in killing.
  • Young
  • Old
  • Healthy
  • Rich
  • Poor

45
The Plague took another turn
  • The second way to get infected
  • Pneumonic Plague spread from person to person
    through breathing the same air and inhaling
    airborne droplets from the infected.

46
This Plague was particularly deadly
  • The infected often were dead within 24 48 hours
    of the onset of symptoms.

47
The Third Way the Plague Spread
  • Attacking the blood stream in victims.
  • Also very, very deadly.

48
Images of the Black Death
  • Some people took to wearing these masks to try to
    protect themselves.
  • Nose stuffed with burned sage to filter the air.
  • Face cover and goggles to keep from exposing your
    face to the black death.

49
Images of the Black Death
  • Many thought it was the end of the world.

50
What would you do?
  • If you were surrounded by so much death and
    couldnt explain why it was happening, what would
    you do?
  • Remember what the people at that time thought
    about illness!

51
How People Reacted
  • Turned to the Church for protection.
  • Thought if they lived more holy lives
  • made pilgrimages to show their faith
  • touched and kept holy relics theyd be safe
    from the Black Death.

52
How People Reacted
  • Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we will
    die.
  • Live for the moment.
  • Did some cruel things because they didnt think
    there was any worse punishment that could happen
    to them.

53
How People Reacted
  • Tried to find causes for the Plague.
  • Blamed things that were different and tried to
    destroy them, thinking that would make God
    forgive them or get rid of the Black Death.

54
How People Reacted
  • Massacres
  • Jews
  • Lepers
  • Many burnings of witches
  • Sought out any HERESY in belief.

55
How People Reacted
  • The people of Paris, France thought the plague
    was caused by cats.
  • The Great Cat Massacre.
  • The Plague was worse in France!

56
The Breakdown of Social Order
  • One citizen avoided another, hardly any neighbour
    troubled about others, relatives never or hardly
    ever visited each other. Moreover, such terror
    was struck into the hearts of men and women by
    this calamity, that brother abandoned brother,
    and the uncle his nephew, and the sister her
    brother, and very often the wife her husband.

57
The Breakdown of Social Order
  • What is even worse and nearly incredible is that
    fathers and mothers refused to see and tend their
    children, as if they had not been theirs.

58
The Breakdown of Social Order
  • "The plight of the lower and most of the middle
    classes was even more pitiful to behold. Most of
    them remained in their houses, either through
    poverty or in hopes of safety, and fell sick by
    thousands. Since they received no care and
    attention, almost all of them died. Many ended
    their lives in the streets both at night and
    during the day

59
The Breakdown of Social Order
  • and many others who died in their houses were
    only known to be dead because the neighbours
    smelled their decaying bodies. Dead bodies filled
    every corner.

60
Descriptions
  • The Italian writer Giovanni Boccaccio lived
    through the plague as it ravaged the city of
    Florence in 1348. The experience inspired him to
    write The Decameron, a story of seven men and
    three women who escape the disease by fleeing to
    a villa outside the city.

61
By 1352 The Plague had died out
  • Even though there were outbreaks until 1669, it
    was never again quite as bad.

62
How do you think the Black Death would change how
people looked at the world?
  • Those who survived the Black Death believed that
    there was something special about them almost
    as if God had protected them.
  • Therefore, they took the opportunity offered by
    the disease to improve their lifestyle.
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