Dane County

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Common Communicable Diseases In Schools and
Childcare Settings

• Dane County
• Division of Public Health

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Your Booklet

• Is a valuable resource
• Use it often to find answers to your questions

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LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS

• COLUMBIA COUNTY 608-742-9227
• DANE COUNTY 608-242-6520
• DODGE COUNTY 920-386-3670
• JEFFERSON COUNTY 920-674-7275
• SAUK COUNTY 608-355-4300
• City of Madison residents call Madison Dept. of
  Public Health 608-266-4821
• City of Watertown residents call Watertown Dept.
  of Public Health 920-262-8090

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Reporting Communicable Diseases (CD)

• How the System Works
• WI statutes require reporting
• Who is required to report? (p. 1 of booklet)
• Prompt Reporting
• Especially Shigella, E.coli, Hepatitis A

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3 Categories of disease
(Page 1 2 of your booklet)
Category I Urgent Health Importance! Call
Immediately!
Category II Send the Report within 72 Hours!
Category III HIV/AIDS Report sent to the State
within 72 Hours!

• In doubt? Call your local health department

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Why childcare settings are great places to pass
infections around

• Preschool-aged children
• Have immature immune systems that are ready to
  pick up infections and share them with other
  children, staff, or family
• Have these behaviors oral fixation, poor
  personal hygiene habits, and like to be close to
  each other
• May be diapered which presents a greater chance
  to spread infections
• Childcare Workers
• May lack training in safe food handling, and may
  be expected to prepare formula, or snacks soon
  after diaper changes or toileting children

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4 Ways that Infections are Spread

• 1. Fecal-Oral
• 2. Blood and Body Fluid
• 3. Airborne (Respiratory)
• 4. Contact (Direct or Indirect)
• Use STANDARD PRECAUTIONS think of how the
  infection is spread and what behaviors I will
  need to follow to prevent the spread of this
  infection to myself or another person

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Fecal-Oral Infections(Must eat the organism to
get the infection)

• Bacterial Infections
• Salmonella
• Shigella
• E. coli 0157H7
• Campylobacter
• Parasitic Infections
• Cryptosporidiosis
• Giardia

• Viral Infections
• Hepatitis A(vaccine available)
• Rotavirus
• Norwalk
• ?Other Infections
• pinworms

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How Fecal-Oral Infections are Spread

• Hand to mouth
• Contaminated objects (toys, furniture etc.)
• Contaminated food
• Contaminated water or drink

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Examples of How Fecal-Oral Infections are
Spread(Must eat the organism to get the
infection)

• Scenario 3
• Worker changes diaper
• Poor handwashing
• Touches objects
• (toys, bottles, etc.)
• Child mouths object
• Organism is eaten

• Scenario 1
• Child puts hand in dirty diaper
• Then touches toy
• Another child puts the same toy in his/her mouth
• Organism is eaten
• Scenario 2
• child touches manure on an animal, object, or
  ground
• hand to mouth or hand to food,
• organism eaten

• Scenario 4
• Organism stays on hands thru poor handwashing
• Hands to food/formula
• Organism is eaten

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HANDWASHINGIts Your Best Defense!
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Disinfecting-Surface Cleaning
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Guidelines for Food Handling Practices

• Partnership for Food Safety Education
  www.fightbac.org

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Do Pets Live in or Visit Your Childcare Setting?
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Pets Living in or Visiting Childcare Settings

• Wash hands after petting, touching, and handling
  pets. Our pets can have some of the same
  fecal-oral infections that humans get.
• Immediate cleanup of animal waste area and wash
  hands
• If a bite occurs, wash immediately with soap and
  water
• If a child is bitten, report this to your local
  health department

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Reptiles should not be pets in Childcare Settings
They carry Salmonella, a fecal-oral disease!

• Turtles
• Lizards
• Iguanas
• Chameleons
• Salamanders
• Snakes
• Frogs
• Toads

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What Might Happen to this Little Girl?
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Handwashing on Field TripsPetting zoos, Farms,
Orchards, Pumpkin Patches

• Wash hands
• After touching animals or their environment
• Before eating
• And on leaving the interaction area
• If handwashing facilities are not available
• Wipe loose dirt off hands first with a wipe
• Then apply sanitizing gel to the skin surface
• Wash hands with soap and water when available

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Water Table Guidelines(Fecal-Oral infections may
contaminate the water)

• After the end of each days use
• Drain the table scrub the table, and
  utensils/playthings with soap and water drain
• Wash the table with a bleach mixture allow
  utensils/playthings to soak in it for at least 2
  minutes drain
• Air dry table, utensils/playthings overnight
• Fill the table w/ water in the morning of the day
  you intend to use it

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Water Table Precautions

• Children should wash hands with soap before and
  after using
• Do not allow bubble blowing
• Children with open wounds, rashes, or band-aids
  on hands should not use the water table

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Wading Pool Guidelines/Precautions(Fecal-Oral
infections may contaminate the water)

• 1. Follow the water table directions for daily
  cleaning/disinfecting
• 2. Fresh water each day
• 3. No kids with diarrhea or diapers in the
  wading pool
• 4. Diagnosed cases of fecal-oral infection in
  your childcare setting- close the pool

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Blood and Body Fluid Infections

• Vaccine preventable
• Viral
• Hepatitis B

• Non-vaccine preventable
• Viral
• Hepatitis C
• HIV
• Herpes simplex
• Cytomegalovirus
• Rabies
• Other sexually transmitted infections
• Bacterial
• Other sexually transmitted infections
• Staph/strep infections

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How do you get Blood and Body Fluid Infections?

• The infection needs an entry into your body so it
  can get into your bloodstream It can enter
• Thru cuts or openings in the skin
• Thru mucous membranes that line body cavities,
  such as the mouth, nose, eye, or genital areas
• Or directly into the bloodstream, as with a needle

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Blood and Body Fluid Infection Prevention

• Use a barrier to prevent sharing of blood and
  body fluids
• Be prepared on field trips, have a fanny pack
  with a barrier, and gloves
• Good handwashing
• Be good to your skin which is an excellent
  barrier, use handcreams generously
• Teach kids to cover wounds with band-aids

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Airborne(Respiratory) Infections

• Vaccine Preventable
• Chickenpox
• Measles
• Mumps
• Rubella
• Pertussis
• Influenza
• Polio
• Bacterial meningitis (also in saliva)
• Hib
• Pneumococcal

• Non-Vaccine Preventable
• Colds
• RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
• Strep throat
• Mononucleosis
• Fifth disease
• Coxsackie virus (hand, foot mouth)
• Tuberculosis

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How do you getAirborne-Respiratory Infections?

• By breathing in the bacteria or virus
• By contact with airborne droplets or discharges
  from the nose and throat of an infected person.
  (A person touches these discharges and then
  touches his/her own mucous membranes, this allows
  entry into the body)
• Theyre hard to stop

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Airborne-Respiratory Infection Prevention(Simple
behaviors, Low tech, but Important!)

• Use a kleenex
• Throw tissues away
• Good handwashing
• Up-to-date immunizations

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Direct Contact Infections

• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Impetigo
• Ringworm
• Scabies
• Staph/Strep infections

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How do you get Direct Contact Infections?

• By direct contact with the infectious agent or
  indirect contact with contaminated items

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How can they be prevented?

• Excellent handwashing!!
• Teach children how to cover wounds

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HEAD LICE A nuisance, they do not cause
disease!

• It is not necessary to call the Health Department
• Its spread by direct contact with an infested
  person or objects used by them
• Treatment Medicated shampoos or olive oil
• Environment See Fact sheet
• Prevention Teach children not to share personal
  items. Dont let hats and coats touch each other
  when not being worn.

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Guidelines for the Exclusion of Children and
Staff From a Childcare Center
Refer to booklet pages 3-7
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HOW A CHILDCARE PROFESSIONAL STOPPED AN INFECTION
FROM SPREADING!

• PROMPT REPORTING-
• RESULTED IN EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF CASES-
• AND STOPPED THE SPREAD OF INFECTION!