The Ancient Israelites

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Chapter 3 The Ancient Israelites
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The Ancient Israelites
Chapter Introduction Section 1 The First
Israelites Section 2 The Kingdom of
Israel Section 3 The Growth of
Judaism Reading Review Chapter Assessment
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding
slides.
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The Ancient Israelites
Chapter Objectives

• Describe the Israelites beliefs and their early
  history. ?

• Discuss the history of the kingdom of Israel. ?

• Discuss Judaism during the period when Jews were
  ruled by other people.

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The Ancient Israelites
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(No Transcript)
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The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section discusses the early history of the
ancient Israelites, including their relationship
with God, their escape from slavery, and their
conflicts with the Canaanites over land.
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The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• The Israelites believed in one God who set down
  moral laws for his people. They recorded their
  history in the Bible. ?

• The Israelites had to fight the Canaanites to
  return to their promised land.

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The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places

• Canaan (KAYnuhn) ?

• Mount Sinai (SYNY) ?

Meeting People

• Abraham ?

• Deborah ?

• Jacob ?

• Phoenician (fihNEEshuhn)

• Moses ?

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The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary

• monotheism (MAHnuhtheeIHzuhm) ?

• tribe ?

• Torah (TOHRUH) ?

• covenant (KUHVnuhnt) ?
• alphabet

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The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Sequencing Information Create a sequence chart
to help trace the movement of the Israelites.
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The First Israelites
The Early Israelites

• The Israelites built a kingdom in Canaan, along
  the Mediterranean Sea in southwest Asia, in 1000
  B.C. ?

• Today, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan occupy the
  land that was once Canaan. ?

• Israelites believed in one God. ?

• The belief in one god is called monotheism.

(pages 8183)
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The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)

• The Israelite faith became the religion of
  Judaism. ?

• Judaism influenced Christianity and Islam and
  helped shape the beliefs of European and American
  societies. ?

• Israelites spoke Hebrew and wrote their history
  and beliefs in what later became the Hebrew
  Bible.

(pages 8183)
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The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)

• The Israelites believed they were descended from
  a man named Abraham. ?

• The Israelites believed God
  told Abraham to
  settle in Canaan
  
  and worship the
  one true God. ?

• Abrahams
  grandson, named
  Jacob, raised 12
  sons in
  Canaan.

(pages 8183)
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The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)

• Their families became the 12 tribes of Israel. ?

• After 100 years in Canaan, the Israelites
  suffered a long drought. ?

• To survive the Israelites went to Egypt. ?

• The Egyptian pharaoh enslaved the Israelites. ?

• To prevent the Israelites from rebelling, the
  pharaoh ordered all baby boys to be thrown into
  the Nile River.

(pages 8183)
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The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)

• The pharaohs daughter found a baby boy in a
  basket on the riverbank. ?

• She named the baby Moses. ?

• When Moses grew up, he herded sheep in the hills
  outside Egypt. ?

• In those hills, he saw a burning bush and heard a
  voice. ?

• He believed it was God telling him to lead the
  Israelites out of Egypt.

(pages 8183)
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The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)

• The Bible says that God sent 10 plagues to
  trouble Egypt. ?

• The last plague killed all the first-born
  children, except for those Israelites who marked
  their doors with lambs blood. ?

• The plague convinced the pharaoh to let the
  Israelites leave Egypt. ?

• After the Israelites left, the pharaoh changed
  his mind.

(pages 8183)
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The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)

• He sent soldiers after the Israelites. ?

• The Bible says that God parted the Red Sea, so
  the Israelites could pass. ?

• The water flowed back when the soldiers
  
  tried to
  cross,
  
  and they
  drowned.

(pages 8183)
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The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)

• On the way back to Canaan, Moses went to the top
  of Mount Sinai and received laws from God. ?

• These laws were known as the Torah, which became
  the first part of the Hebrew Bible. ?

• The Ten Commandmentswhat God believes to be
  right and wrongare the most important part of
  the Torah. ?

• The Ten Commandments helped form the basic moral
  laws of many nations.

(pages 8183)
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The First Israelites
What promise did god make in the covenant with
the Israelites?
God promised to return the Israelites to Canaan
if they followed the laws of the Torah.
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The First Israelites
The Promised Land

• It took the Israelites about 40 years to reach
  Canaan. ?

• Along the way, Moses died, and Joshua took over. ?

• When the Israelites reached Canaan, they found a
  group of people, the Canaanites, living there. ?

• The Israelites believed it was Gods will to
  conquer the Canaanites.

(pages 8485)
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The First Israelites
The Promised Land (cont.)

• Joshua led the Israelites into battle. ?

• They marched around the walls of the city of
  Jericho for six days. ?

• On the seventh day, the Israelites let out a
  great
  shout,
  and the
  
  wall of
  Jericho
  crumbled.

(pages 8485)
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The First Israelites
The Promised Land (cont.)

• Joshua led the Israelites in three more wars. ?

• The land they seized was divided among the 12
  tribes. ?

• After Joshuas death, the Israelites looked to
  judges for leadership. ?

• Judges were usually military leaders who led one
  or two tribes.

(pages 8485)
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The First Israelites
The Promised Land (cont.)

• Eventually, the Israelites won the hilly region
  of Canaan, and the Canaanites kept the coastal
  areas. ?

• The Israelites built walled towns to protect
  themselves. ?

• The Phoenicians were a group of Canaanites who
  developed and alphabet. ?

• An alphabet is a group of letters that stands for
  sounds.

(pages 8485)
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The First Israelites
How did the Phoenicians affect other cultures of
the world?
The Phoenicians passed on their alphabet to the
Greeks and Romans. This alphabet is the basis
for most Western alphabets of today.
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The First Israelites
Why was the religion of Israel unique in the
ancient world?
Unlike most other religions, it had only one God.
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The First Israelites
What it the Torah, and how did the Israelites
obtain it?
The Torah is the collection of laws which God
gave to Moses on top of Mount Sinai.
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The First Israelites
Analyze What was the importance of the
Phoenician alphabet?
It made writing simpler and helped in keeping
records.
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The First Israelites
Summarize What problems did the Israelites face
when they returned to Canaan?
The Israelites had to fight a number of wars to
get back part of the lands of Canaan from the
Canaanites who lived there.
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The First Israelites
Expository Writing Which one of the Ten
commandments do you think is most important
today? Write a short essay to explain your
selection.
Answers will vary.
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The Nile Valley
Explain the most important contribution made by
the Israelites.
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The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section focuses on the creation of the
kingdom of Israel its great kings Saul, David,
and Solomon and the challenges Israel faced.
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The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• The Israelites chose a king to unite them against
  their enemies. ?

• King David built an Israelite empire and made
  Jerusalem his capital city. ?

• The Israelites were conquered and forced to leave
  Israel and Judah.

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The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places

• Jerusalem (juhROOsuhluhm) ?

• Judah (JOOduh) ?

Meeting People

• Philistine (FIHluhSTEEN) ?

• David ?

• Solomon (SAHLuhmuhn) ?

• Saul (SAWL) ?

• Nebuchadnezzar (NEHbyuhkuhdNUHzuhr)

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The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary

• prophet (PRAHfuht) ?
• empire (EHMPYR) ?
• tribute (TRIHbyoot) ?
• proverb (PRAHVUHRB)

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The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Categorizing Information Complete a chart like
the one on page 86 of your textbook, identifying
characteristics of Israel and Judah.
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The Kingdom of Israel
The Israelites Choose a King

• The Philistines were the strongest people in
  Canaan around 1000 B.C. ?

• The Israelites feared the Philistines, so they
  copied their ways and worshiped their gods. ?

• To keep from quarreling among themselves and to
  save their religion, the 12 tribes asked Samuel,
  a prophet, to choose a king.

(page 87)
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The Kingdom of Israel
The Israelites Choose a King (cont.)

• A prophet is a person who claims to be instructed
  by God. ?

• Samuel warned the Israelites against a king and
  did not choose one. ?

• The Israelites named Saul king. ?

• King Saul displeased God, so God chose another
  king, David.

(page 87)
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The Kingdom of Israel
The Israelites Choose a King (cont.)

• God told Samuel to anoint David in secret.

(page 87)
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The Kingdom of Israel
Why did Samuel refuse to choose a king?
Samuel told the Israelites that a king would
enslave them and make them pay taxes.
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The Kingdom of Israel
David and Solomon

• David was a famous warrior. ?

• He killed a giant Philistine named Goliath with a
  slingshot and stones. ?

• King Saul put David in charge of the army but
  later grew envious of David and plotted to have
  him killed. ?

• David hid until Saul and his sons were killed. ?

• Then, David took the throne.

(pages 8990)
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The Kingdom of Israel
David and Solomon (cont.)

• David drove the Philistines out and conquered
  other countries, building his empire. ?

• The conquered people had to pay tribute to David.
  ?

• The Israelites also had to pay heavy taxes. ?

• David used the money to expand his capital,
  Jerusalem.

(pages 8990)
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The Kingdom of Israel
David and Solomon (cont.)

• Solomon was
  Davids son who
  took the throne
  
  after Davids
  death. ?

• Solomon built the
  stone temple in
  Jerusalem
  that
  David wanted to
  build.

(pages 8990)
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The Kingdom of Israel
David and Solomon (cont.)

• When Solomon died, the 12 tribes began fighting. ?

• Ten of the tribes moved to the north and called
  their nation the kingdom of Israel. ?

• The other two tribes moved to the south and
  called their kingdom Judah. ?

• The capital of Judah was Jerusalem, and the
  people of Jerusalem were called Jews.

(pages 8990)
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The Kingdom of Israel
Why did David want to build a temple in
Jerusalem?
David wanted the Israelites to have a permanent
place for their sacred religious objects.
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The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time

• After creating the kingdoms of Israel and Judah,
  many Israelites forgot their religion. ?

• The prophets told the Israelites to return to
  Gods laws to create a just society. ?

• The kingdoms of Israel and Judah felt threatened
  by the Assyrians and Chaldeans, who had powerful
  empires in southwest Asia.

(pages 9092)
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The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time (cont.)

• The Assyrians conquered Israel and dispersed the
  10 tribes throughout their empire. ?

• These Israelites lost their religion and were
  often called the lost tribes of Israel. ?

• The Assyrians settled around Samaria and were
  called Samaritans. ?

• The Samaritans thought God would be angry with
  them for taking the Israelites land.

(pages 9092)
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The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time (cont.)

• To appease God, they offered sacrifices and began
  following the Israelites religion. ?

• The people of Judah believed that God only
  accepted sacrifices from the temple at Jerusalem.
  ?

• They believed they were Gods only people. ?

• The Egyptians conquered the kingdom of Judah in
  620 B.C.

(pages 9092)
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The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time (cont.)

• The Chaldeans conquered Egypt in 605 B.C. ?

• The Jews joined forces with the Egyptians to
  conquer the Chaldeans. ?

• King Nebuchadnezzar and the Chaldeans captured
  Jerusalem and punished the Jews. ?

• He sent 10,000 Jews to Babylon and appointed a
  new Jewish king.

(pages 9092)
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The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time (cont.)

• In 586 B.C., the Jews revolted against the
  Chaldeans, and the Chaldean ruler crushed
  Jerusalem. ?

• The Chaldeans took the king and thousands of Jews
  to Babylon. ?

• This period is known as the Babylonian Captivity.

(pages 9092)
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The Kingdom of Israel
What message did the prophets bring to the
Israelites?
The prophets warned the Israelites that being
faithful to God was more than simply going to
temple to worship. It meant working for a just
society and dealing fairly with other people.
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The Kingdom of Israel
Why was David anointed king while Saul was still
in charge of the Israelites?
Saul displeased God by disobeying some of Gods
commands, so God chose another king.
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The Kingdom of Israel
Who were the prophets, and why were they
important to the Israelites?
Prophets were messengers who claimed to be
instructed by God and who taught the Israelites
how to live properly.
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The Kingdom of Israel
Summarize What happened to the Israelites after
the death of Solomon?
Fighting broke out among the Israelites, and they
formed two separate kingdoms.
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The Kingdom of Israel
Describe Who were the Samaritans, and what did
the people of Judah think of them?
Assyrian settlers who settled around Samaria the
people of Judah looked down on them
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The Kingdom of Israel
Infer Why do you think the Assyrians, and later
the Chaldeans, moved Jews away from Israel and
Judah after those areas were conquered.
The Chaldeans moved the Jews to decrease the
chance for revolt.
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The Kingdom of Israel
Brainstorm Brainstorm how the events described
in this section influenced our lives today.
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(No Transcript)
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The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section focuses on the growth of Judaism,
including the challenges it overcame and the
setbacks it suffered.
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The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• The Jews continued their religion during their
  exile in Babylon. ?

• Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and
  regained control of Judah. ?

• Religion shaped the Jewish way of life. ?

• Under Roman rule, the Jews were divided and
  rebellious. In response, the Romans destroyed
  the temple and exiled the Jews.

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The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places

• Babylon (BAbuhluhn) ?

Meeting People

• Judas Maccabeus
• (JOOduhs MAKuhBEEuhs) ?

• Herod (HEHRuhd) ?

• Zealot (ZEHluht)

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The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Meeting People (cont.)

• Johanan ben Zakkai
• (YOHkahnahn behnzahKY) ?

Building Your Vocabulary

• exile (EHGZYL) ?

• Sabbath (SAbuhth) ?

• synagogue (SIHnuhGAHG)

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The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary

• Diaspora (dyASpruh) ?

• messiah (muhSYuh) ?

• rabbi (RABY) ?

Reading Strategy
Summarizing Information Use a diagram like the
one on page 93 of your textbook to describe the
Maccabees.
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The Growth of Judaism
Exile and Return

• Exile occurs when people are forced to live in a
  foreign land. ?

• During the Israelites exile in Babylon, their
  religion became Judaism. ?

• Jews met each week on the Sabbath, a day of
  worship and rest, in a synagogue, or house of
  worship. ?

• At the meetings, the Jews prayed and discussed
  their religion.

(pages 9495)
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The Growth of Judaism
Exile and Return (cont.)

• After the Persians defeated the Chaldeans and
  took control of Babylon, the Persian king, Cyrus,
  allowed the Jews to return to Judah. ?

• Persian officials still controlled the Jews in
  Judah, so Jews looked to their religion for
  leadership. ?

• Jewish leaders became religious scholars and
  writers.

(pages 9495)
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The Growth of Judaism
Exile and Return (cont.)

• The Hebrew Bible consists of the 5 books of the
  Torah and 34 other books. ?

• These books describe Jewish history.

(pages 9495)
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The Growth of Judaism
Exile and Return (cont.)

• The book of Genesis tells how God punished people
  for their bad behavior. ?

• The story of Noah is in the book of Genesis. ?

• Genesis also explains why the world has different
  languages. ?

• The book of Daniel reminds Jews that God will
  rescue them. ?

• Jews, Christians, and Muslims share the idea that
  good will triumph over evil.

(pages 9495)
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The Growth of Judaism
How does the book of Genesis explain different
languages of the world?
Genesis tells that the people of Babel tried to
build a tower to heaven. God disapproved of the
tower and made all the people speak different
languages and scattered them across the earth.
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The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Greeks

• Judah came under the control of Alexander the
  Great in 331 B.C. ?

• He introduced the Greek language and ways to the
  Jews who stayed in Judah. ?

• The Diaspora refers to Jews who lived outside of
  Judah. ?

• The word diaspora means scattered.

(pages 9596)
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The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Greeks (cont.)

• The Greek ruler Antiochus wanted the Jews to
  worship Greek gods and goddesses. ?

• A priest named Judas Maccabeus and his followers
  formed an army known as the Maccabees to fight
  the Greeks. ?

• The Maccabees drove the Greeks out of Judah. ?

• They removed evidence of the gods and goddesses
  from their temple.

(pages 9596)
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The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Greeks (cont.)

• Each year Jews recall the cleansing of the temple
  when they celebrate Hanukkah.

(pages 9596)
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The Growth of Judaism
How did Jewish ideas spread at the time of
Alexander the Great?
Some Jews who learned the Greek language but were
loyal to Judaism copied the Hebrew Bible in the
Greek language. In this way, people who were not
Jews could read about and understand Judaism.
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The Growth of Judaism
The Jewish Way of Life

• Jewish laws influenced Jews education, food, and
  clothes. ?

• Sons were valuable in Jewish society. ?

• Sons carried on the family name and became the
  head of the family after the death of their
  fathers. ?

• Sons learned how to earn a living and how to
  worship God from their fathers.

(pages 9798)
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The Growth of Judaism
The Jewish Way of Life (cont.)

• They later learned how to read the Torah from
  religious leaders. ?

• Girls learned how to be good wives, mothers, and
  housekeepers. ?

• They also learned about Jewish laws and strong
  women of ancient Israel. ?

• Jewish laws stated that Jews could eat only
  certain animals, such as beef, lamb, and certain
  scaly fish.

(pages 9798)
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The Growth of Judaism
The Jewish Way of Life (cont.)

• Today, food that is prepared according to Jewish
  law is called kosher. ?

• Jewish laws also applied to clothing. ?

• Men wore tunics, caps or turbans, and sandals. ?

• Women wore dresses and covered their heads with
  shawls. ?

• Wealthy women wore shoes, makeup, and jewelry.

(pages 9798)
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The Growth of Judaism
How is kosher meat prepared?
To be kosher, the animal is killed in a certain
way. Then the meat is inspected, salted, and
soaked. Jewish laws instruct Jews not to cook or
eat milk products with the meat.
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The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans

• In 63 B.C., the Romans conquered Judah and
  renamed it Judaea. ?

• King Herod, the most famous ruler of Judaea, was
  known for his cruelty. ?

• After Herods death, the Romans replaced Jewish
  kings with Roman officials. ?

• The Jews had splintered into different groups.

(pages 100102)
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The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)

• One group was the Pharisees, who were supported
  by the common people. ?

• Another group was the Sadducees, who did not
  agree with many of the Pharisees teachings. ?

• A third group was the Essenes. ?

• Because the Jews had split into these groups,
  they were not as powerful after the death of
  Herod.

(pages 100102)
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The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)

• The Dead Sea Scrolls were probably written by the
  Essenes and were found near the Dead Sea in A.D.
  1947. ?

• The Jews hated Roman rule. ?

• Some Jews, known as the Zealots, wanted to fight
  the Romans. ?

• They revolted in A.D. 66 and drove the Romans out
  of Jerusalem.

(pages 100102)
80
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)

• The Romans regained control four years later. ?

• They killed thousands of Jews and forced many
  others to leave. ?

• The Romans also destroyed the temple in
  Jerusalem.

(pages 100102)
81
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)

• What remains today is the Western Wall, also
  known as the Wailing Wall.

(pages 100102)
82
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)

• The Jews revolted again, but the Romans stopped
  the revolt. ?

• This time, they forbade Jews to visit Jerusalem
  and gave Judah the name of Palestine, referring
  to the Philistines. ?

• Rabbis, teachers of the Torah, became important
  leaders. ?

• Rabbis wanted to pass on the teachings of the
  Torah.

(pages 100102)
83
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)

• They combined the teachings in a book called the
  Talmud. ?

• For 2,000 years most Jews lived outside Palestine
  and faced persecution. ?

• In A.D. 1948 Palestine was divided, and a new
  Jewish nation called Israel was created.

(pages 100102)
84
The Growth of Judaism
What was the difference between the Pharisees and
the Sadducees?
The Pharisees were concerned with applying the
Torah to daily life and the Jewish home and
family. The Sadducees were concerned with how
the Torah applied to priests in the Temple.
85
The Growth of Judaism
What was the Diaspora?
The diaspora was scattered Jews living outside of
their homeland in Judah.
86
The Growth of Judaism
What was education like within a Jewish family?
Mothers taught young children. Fathers taught
older boys religion and the fathers trade. Boys
also learned the Torah from religious teachers.
Mothers taught girls the basic skills of being
good wives, mothers, and housekeepers.
87
The Growth of Judaism
Summarize How did the Jews practice their
religion during the exile in Babylon?
The Jews worshiped on the Sabbath and met in
synagogues to pray and discuss their religion and
history.
88
The Growth of Judaism
Identify Who were the Zealots, and why were they
important?
Jews who revolted and drove the Romans out of
Jerusalem
89
The Growth of Judaism
Draw Conclusions Do you think that Jewish
beliefs and values would have spread so widely if
the lands of Israel and Judah had not been
conquered by other peoples? Explain.
Answers will vary.
90
The Growth of Judaism
Persuasive Writing Imagine you are living in
Judaea during the Roman conquest. Write a letter
to a friend describing how you might have felt
about the Romans and what actions you would like
to see taken to make Judaea free again.
Letters will vary.
91
The Growth of Judaism
Identify influences of the civilization of early
Israel on life today.
92
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93
The Ancient Israelites
Section 1 The First Israelites
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• The Israelites believed in one God who set down
  moral laws for his people. They recorded their
  history in the Bible. ?

• The Israelites had to fight the Canaanites to
  return to their promised land.

94
The Ancient Israelites
Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• The Israelites chose a king to unite them
  against their enemies. ?

• King David built an Israelite empire and made
  Jerusalem his capital city. ?

• The Israelites were conquered and forced to leave
  Israel and Judah.

95
The Ancient Israelites
Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• The Jews continued their religion during their
  exile in Babylon. ?

• Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and
  regained control of Judah. ?

• Religion shaped the Jewish way of life. ?

• Under Roman rule, the Jews were divided and
  rebellious. In response, the Romans destroyed
  the temple and exiled the Jews.

96
(No Transcript)
97
The Ancient Israelites
Review Vocabulary
Define Match the vocabulary words on the right
with the definitions on the left.
C
__ 1. Jewish house of worship __ 2. claims to be
inspired by God __ 3. family group __ 4. holy
day of worship and rest __ 5. forced absence __
6. belief in one god __ 7. deliverer sent by
God __ 8. agreement

• A. tribe
• B. prophet
• C. synagogue
• D. Sabbath
• messiah
• monotheism
• covenant
• exile

B
A
D
H
F
E
G
98
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 The First Israelites
Where did the Israelites record their history and
religious beliefs?
in the Hebrew Bible
99
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 The First Israelites
Why did the Israelites fight the Canaanites?
They believed it was Gods will that they conquer
the Canaanites and return to their Promised Land.
100
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 The First Israelites
Why did the Israelites choose a king?
to unite them against their enemies, the
Philistines
101
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel
What happened when the Israelites were conquered?
They were forced to leave Israel and Judah.
102
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
How did Jewish ideas spread throughout the
Mediterranean world?
Some Jews of the Diaspora copied the Hebrew Bible
into Greek, which helped others learn about
Jewish ideas.
103
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
How did Romans respond to Jewish rebellions?
The Jewish rebellions were forcefully put down,
and the Romans destroyed the temple in Jerusalem
and exiled the Jews.
104
The Ancient Israelites
Contrast How was the Jewish religion different
from religions of other ancient cultures?
The Jewish religion had one God, while other
religions had many gods and goddesses. The Jews
could not create images of their God. The Ten
Commandments applied to everyone equally.
105
The Ancient Israelites
Analyze Why do you think the Israelites felt so
strongly about a Promised Land?
The Jews believed they had received the Promised
Land through a covenant with God.
106
The Ancient Israelites
Compare and Contrast How were Saul and David
similar, and how were they different?
Both led the Israelites to victory against their
enemies. Saul displeased God by disobeying him.
He plotted to kill David and was eventually
killed in battle. David defeated Goliath, drove
the Philistines out of Israel, and built
Jerusalem.
107
The Ancient Israelites
Explain How did the Jewish religion survive
during the exile of the Jews?
The Jews worshiped on the Sabbath and met in
synagogues.
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The Ancient Israelites
Describe What is celebrated on the Jewish
holiday of Hanukkah?
the Maccabees defeat of the Greeks and the
reclaiming and cleansing of the temple in
Jerusalem
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Explore online information about the topics
introduced in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your
browser and go to the Journey Across Time Web
site. Click on Chapter 3-Chapter Overviews to
preview information about this chapter. When you
finish exploring, exit the browser program to
return to this presentation. If you experience
difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually
launch your Web browser and go to
http//www.jat.glencoe.com
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Map Ancient Israel
Charts Alphabets Major Hebrew Prophets Major
Jewish Holidays
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding
slides.
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Ancient Israel
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The First Israelites
The peak of Mount Sinai, whereaccording to the
BibleMoses received the Ten Commandments, can be
reached by climbing 3,750 stone steps. The steps
were created by the monks of St. Catherines
Monastery.
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The Kingdom of Israel
Jerusalem has had different names throughout
history. Before King David conquered Jerusalem,
the city was called Jebus. King David renamed
the city the City of David. Accounts of the
Assyrians conquering of the city referred to
Jerusalem as the City of Judah.
118
The Growth of Judaism
The Jewish Sabbath, or Shabbat, begins on Friday
evening at sundown and ends at sunset Saturday
evening. Jews commemorate the separation of
Shabbat from the rest of the week with special
ceremonies.
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Reading Social Studies
Learn It!
Finding the Main Idea
Main ideas are the most important ideas in a
paragraph, section, or chapter. Supporting
details are facts or examples that explain the
main idea. Read the paragraph from Section 1 on
page 78 of your textbook and notice how the
author explains the main idea. The main idea is
identified for you. The supporting details are
highlighted in color.
120
Reading Social Studies
Through trade, the Phoenicians spread ideas
and goods. One of their most important ideas
was an alphabet, or a group of letters that stood
for sounds. The letters could be used to spell
out the words in their language.
Main idea
Supporting details
from page 85
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
121
Reading Social Studies
Practice It!
Create a Graphic Organizer
Read the paragraph from Chapter 3 on page 79 of
your textbook. ?

• Draw a graphic organizer like the one shown on
  page 79 of your textbook. ?

• Write the main ideas in a box and supporting
  details in circles around the box.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
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Introduction
The Ancient Israelites
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The First Israelites
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The Kingdom of Israel
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The Growth of Judaism
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The Ten Commandments
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Proverbs
128
The Talmud
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Young People In
Education in Ancient Israel and Judah
Early Israelites placed a high value on
education. RabbisJewish religious
teacherstaught their followers, If you have
knowledge, you have everything. Unfortunately,
only boys were allowed to go to school. Fathers
taught their young sons the commandments. They
also taught them about the meaning of Jewish
traditions and holy feasts. At age five, boys
went to a school that was connected with the
synagogue. There, the hazan, or minister of the
synagogue, taught them the Torah. Everything the
students learnedfrom the alphabet to Jewish
historythey learned from the Torah. Jewish
laws decided the stages of students education.
Different subjects were introduced at the ages,
of 5, 10, and 13.
Most Jewish boys finished their education
at
age 13. At that age, boys became adults.
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Young People In
1. Why was education important to the ancient
Israelites?
They believed that those who have knowledge have
everything, meaning it gave great abilities and
wisdom.
2. What was a fathers role in his sons
education?
It was the fathers role to begin his sons
education, teaching the commandments and about
Jewish religious traditions and holy feasts.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the answer.
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David
Reigned c. 1000962 B.C.
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Ruth and Naomi
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Daily Focus Skills Transparency 31
Chapter 3
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Daily Focus Skills Transparency 32
Chapter 3
135
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 33
Chapter 3
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