Deafness Awareness

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Deafness Awareness
for web teams
Lisa Herrod Accessibility 2.0 A Million Flowers
Bloom 2009
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_at_scenariogirl scenariogirl.com lisa_at_scenarioseven.
com.au
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Agenda

• Understanding the different needs of deaf
• Sign language History, Culture and Language
• Captioning, subtitling subtitles for the Deaf
  Hard of Hearing
• Creating accessible web content for a Deaf
  audience
• Conducting user research with deaf users
• Social Media the Deaf (time permitting)

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writing for the web

• Headings sub headings
• Journalistic style
• One point per paragraph
• Short line lengths
• Simple language
• Bulleted lists
• Avoid unnecessary jargon slang
• Include a glossary for specialized vocabulary

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• Just under 9 million people in the UK are D/deaf
  or hard of hearing.
• This represents about 1 in 7 of the population.
• There are approximately 50,000 British Sign
  Language users (BSL) in the country.

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Understanding the needs of a D/deaf audience

• Environmental deafness
• Small d deaf and big D Deaf
• Causes and accessible requirements
• deaf
• Deaf

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Petra

• Female 30 39
• University Degree
• Two young children
• 65k family income
• Semi-experienced web user spends about 2 hours a
  day online.
• Flickr, IM, email, Facehook

• .

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Petra is deaf

• General surfing online shopping
• Purchasing travel and movie tickets
• Basic literacy in English
• Auslan is her primary language

• .

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Paul

• Male 60 69
• Retired
• Uses the web to do basic browsing and a little
  personal research for hobbies.

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Paul is Hard of Hearing / deaf

• Has some residual hearing
• Wont wear hearing aids
• Doesnt identify with the Deaf community
• Cant sign
• Lost hearing through age and industrial injuries
  (noise)

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Sign Language
history, education language
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education language

• Oralism
• Cued Speech
• Signed English
• Native Sign language
• Deaf teachers vs Hearing teachers

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language

• Home Sign, regional sign
• Sign language in different countries

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education

• Access to information
• Family support
• Education method
• Underemployment
• Poor access to information

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Many Deaf people can navigate the web find the
information they want but then cannot actually
understand it because the level of English used
is too high. Deaf people and the Internet 2006
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" In some sites the English is kind of really
high level, so if its the government websites or
stuff like that then the English can be quite
complex. And if its that then I kind of just
ignore it and dont bother to read it. Deaf
people and the Internet 2006
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history

• France
• England
• America
• Milan
• Australia

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Why isnt there just one sign language..?
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• Distance, migration, isolation
• Language is organic, evolves over time

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Recently in Japan...

• New signs for 16 spoken words were devised for a
  recent social issue.
• The signs were considered indispensable for the
  understanding prior to an election.

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• Employment stop
• Ballistic missile
• Pirate
• Floating crab cannery

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Coming Out
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vK3ai5IVfFdE
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Captioning Subtitling
for the D/deaf hard of hearing
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captions subtitles

• Captioning
• Subtitling
• Subtitles for Deaf and HoH
• Transcription
• Translation

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Captioning the transcription of speech
important sound effectsSubtitling a written
translation of dialogue
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Transcription Is the conversion into written,
typewritten or printed form, of a spoken language
source, such as the proceedings of a court
hearing. It can also mean the conversion of a
written source into another medium, such as
scanning books and making digital versions.
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Translation Is the action of interpretation of
the meaning of a text, and subsequent production
of an equivalent text, also called a translation,
that communicates the same message in another
language.
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So what does all that mean?speed language...
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Creating Accessible Content
for a Deaf audience
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improving access...

• Writing for the web
• Multimedia
• Captioning

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writing for the web

• Use headings and sub headings
• Write in a journalistic style
• Make one point per paragraph
• Use short line lengths

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writing for the web

• Use simple language
• Use bulleted lists
• Avoid unnecessary jargon and slang
• Include a glossary for specialized vocabulary

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multimedia

• Picture in Picture interpreting
• Combined approach Captioning Subtitling
• Provide a transcript

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Captioning audio descriptions

• This is not a captioning demo / tutorial ?
• Who it benefits from captions?
• Issues with captioning for LOTE audience
• Available tools
• Examples of captioning

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Captioning audio descriptions

• Capscribe
• LiveDescribe
• MovCaptioner
• Youtube CC
• Caption Tube
• Accessifys Youtube caption creator
• DotSub.com
• n.d.freear_at_open.ac.uk

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Conducting User Testing
with the Deaf
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why..?

• Inclusive/ representative design
• Deaf / deaf covers ESL/ LOTE audience
• Who where to test
• How do I run the session?

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Recommended Reading
about Deaf history, education culture
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Thank-you for your time, your interest your
questions...