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A Scrapbook of Earths History MINERALS

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CLEAVAGE & FRACTURE. Cleavage: break along smooth, flat surfaces ... Which minerals have fracture/cleavage? HARDNESS. A mineral's resistance to being scratched ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: A Scrapbook of Earths History MINERALS


1
A Scrapbook of Earths HistoryMINERALS
2
What is a mineral?
Read pages 66-67 to find out
3
What is a mineral?
You can ask 4 questions to tell if an object is
a mineral!
4
What is a mineral?
  • Is it INORGANIC?
  • A mineral is NOT made of living things.
  • 2) Is it a SOLID?
  • All minerals are solid.
  • 3) Is it FORMED IN NATURE?
  • Crystals made by people are NOT minerals.
  • 4) Does it have a CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE?
  • Minerals are crystals. They are created with a
    repeating pattern.

5
How are minerals VERY different than
rocks?
  • Minerals are not made of anything else but
    elements and compounds.
  • Rocks are a mixture of minerals and organic
    matter (living stuff)

6
Lets practice. Please put your pencil down.
Is oxygen a mineral?
  • Is it INORGANIC?
  • YES!
  • 2) Is it a SOLID?
  • NO!
  • 3) Does it have a CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE?
  • NO!
  • 4) Is it FORMED IN NATURE?
  • YES!

NO!
7
What is a CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE?
Its when a solids molecules are arranged in a
definite pattern (never a different pattern)
Look at Figure 3
Hexagonal
Cubic
8
Lets make crystalline structures of various
minerals
9
Really cool MINERAL website!
Classzone MINERALS
10
Can you circle the minerals below?
Use the 4 questions
11
Lets practice. Please put your pencil down.
Is sugar a mineral?
  • Is it INORGANIC?
  • NO!
  • 2) Is it a SOLID?
  • YES!
  • 3) Does it have a CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE?
  • NO!
  • 4) Is it FORMED IN NATURE?
  • YES!

NO!
12
So, how do minerals form?
Watch this video to find out!
13
So, how do minerals form?
  • Hot water travels through many places in Earths
    crust - beneath volcanoes and hot springs, for
    example.
  • This water carries dissolved minerals - just like
    a chemical soup.
  • The "soup" deposits minerals as it cools, forming
    mineral veins in cracks and rock cavities.

14
Where do minerals form?
  • In _ _ _ _ _ s
  • _ r _ _ _

15
Who determines if an object is a mineral?
A mineralogist TESTS objects to determine if they
are minerals.
16
Lets see how minerals are tested
17
COLOR
The same mineral can come in a variety of colors
due to impurities (air/stuff in water)
QUARTZ
18
LUSTER
  • The way a surface reflects light
  • Metallic
  • Submetallic
  • Nonmetallic

Describe each minerals luster.
19
STREAK
The color of a minerals powder when rubbed
against porcelain. Streak doesnt always match
the minerals color!
Use the mineral identification of page 800-801 to
determine which mineral below is GOLD and which
is PYRITE.
20
CLEAVAGE FRACTURE
Cleavage break along smooth, flat
surfaces Fracture break along curved or jagged
surfaces
Which minerals have fracture/cleavage?
21
HARDNESS
A minerals resistance to being scratched
Look at the Mohs Hardness Scale in Figure 5
22
DENSITY
How much matter that is in a given space
If these minerals are the same size, which is
more dense?
23
Are you ready to be a mineralogist and test
minerals?Mineral testing lab begins on MONDAY ?!
24
SOURCES Holt Textbook and Online
Resources www.classzone.com Mineral Information
Institute www.presentationhelper.co.uk
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