Steel Erection

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Steel Erection

• CE311 Case Study Building

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Anchor Rods and Plates

• Columns must be anchored to the foundation with
  embedded rods
• These must be accurately set by the concrete
  subcontractor.

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Anchor Rods and Plates
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Anchor Rods and Plates
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Anchor Rods and Plates
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Anchor Rods and Plates

• The exact locations of anchor bolts must be set
  to within a tolerance of ¼.
• Typically, a theodolite is set up on control
  pins, representing column lines, on the perimeter
  of the building.
• The theodolite will sight along the column line
  and the center of the column bolt-pattern will be
  marked on the concrete formwork

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Anchor Rods and Plates
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Cranes

• Steel is lifted with a crane.
• There are several types.

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Crane Mobile, Rubber-Tired, Hydraulic
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Crane Mobile, Track-Mounted, Cable
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Crane Mobilization

• Cranes often must be assembled on-site. This can
  take a day or two.
• Typically, a smaller crane is needed to assemble
  the bigger crane.

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Crane Mobilization
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Crane Mobilization
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Crane Mobilization
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Crane Mobilization
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Crane Mobilization
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Steel Transportation

• Up to about 50000 lbs of steel is stacked on a
  trailer truck (assuming it is done legally)
• Typically, columns are stacked on top because
  they will be erected first
• Beams are stacked on the bottom because their
  erection follows the columns

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Steel Transportation
Columns
Beams
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Shakeout
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Shakeout

• When steel arrives onsite, it is normally spread
  out and organized, a process called shakeout
• In confined places, like Manhattan, this often
  must occur inside the building.

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Shakeout
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Shakeout
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Shakeout
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Shakeout
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Shakeout
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Shakeout
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Shakeout
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Erecting the First Columns
Base of Column
Top of Column (note splice plates)
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Erecting the First Columns
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Erecting the First Columns
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Column Base Plate on Foundation
Column
Beam or Girder
Base Plate
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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Erecting Beams
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The Foremans Notes The Foreman Directs the
Order of Erection, Piece-by-Piece
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Column Erection Next Tier
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Column Erection Next Tier
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Column Erection Next Tier
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Temporary Bracing with Plumbing Cables

• The final bracing for this simple-braced building
  is normally inserted after the building has been
  plumbed up.
• Hence, temporary bracing cables are used to
  stabilize the building during construction
• They serve the additional purpose as plumbing
  cables Ironworkers use turnbuckles on the
  cables to rack the building laterally until a
  surveyor has determined that the building is
  plumb (i.e., vertical)

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Temporary Bracing with Plumbing Cables
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Temporary Bracing with Plumbing Cables
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A Turnbuckle Used to tighten cables in order to
plumb the building
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Typical Connections Beam-to-Girder
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Typical Connections Beam-to-Girder
piecemark
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Typical Connections Open-Web-Joist on Girder
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Typical Connections Beam-to-Girder (note metal
decking on top)
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Beams, Joists, Girder, Metal Deck
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Typical Connections Beam-to-Column (simple)
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Typical Connections Beam-to-Column (simple)
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Typical Connections Beam-to-Column (simple)
Column-to-column splice places
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Typical Connections Column Base Plate
(connection to foundation)
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Typical Connections Column-to-Column
Smaller Column Above
Splice Plates
Bigger Column Below
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Typical Connections Column-to-Column
Smaller Column Above
Splice Plates
Bigger Column Below
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Typical Connections Beam-to-Foundation Wall
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Bolt-Up Impacting the Bolts
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Bolt-Up Impacting the Bolts
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Metal Decking (the concrete floor is poured on
this)
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Metal Decking (the concrete floor is poured on
this)
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Welding Metal Decking
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Welding Metal Decking
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Metal Decking Holes and Penetrations
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Almost Complete
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Completed Building