How to Enhance the Effectiveness of Safety Training

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How to Enhance the Effectiveness of Safety
Training

Empowering the Profession CSSEs Professional
Development Conference September 18-21,
2005 Edmonton, Alberta Canada
Author Rajender Dahiya, B.Sc., B.Eng., CSP Risk
Consultant (Calgary) ModuSpec Risk Management
Services Canada Ltd. Tel [phone] E-mail
rajender.dahiya_at_gmail.com
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Agenda

• Introduction
• Effective Safety Training Methods
• Needs Assessment
• Goals / Objectives
• Curriculum, Methods Logistics
• Training Delivery Documentation
• Evaluation
• Case Study Work Permit Training

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Introduction
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What is Education?

• Anything that affects our knowledge, skills
  attitude.
• Primarily increases knowledge attitude.
• A process through which learners
• gain new understanding,
• acquire new skills,
• or change their attitude or behavior

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What is Training?

• Primarily increases knowledge skills.
• One method of education.
• A specialized form of education that focuses on
  developing or improving skills.
• Focuses on performance

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Education Training
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Why Safety Training Important?

• Knowledge of safety rules.
• Avoid injury or illness to workers.
• Avoid financial loss due to accidents.
• Better management of health safety.
• Meet legal duty for worker protection.
• Make workers competent.
• Understanding causes prevention of accidents.
• Improve safe performance.
• Commitment to work safely.

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Who Needs Safety Training?

• You as an employer or employee
• Your managers supervisors
• Your employees

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How People Learn Retain

• 10 of what they read.
• 20 of what they hear.
• 30 of what they see.
• 50 of what they see hear.
• 70 of what they say.
• 90 of what they say as they are doing.

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Effective Safety Training Methods
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Key Elements of Effective Safety Training
Key Elements
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Needs Assessment
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Needs Assessment, Step 1

• Who may need training?
• What they need to be trained?
• When they need to be trained?
• Where they need to be trained?
• Why they need training?

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Needs Assessment, Step 2

• Who does the job?
• What they do in their job?
• When do they do the job?
• Where do they do the job?
• Why do they do the job?
• How do they do the job?

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Needs Assessment
Needs
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Training Needs Assessment Example
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Training Non-Training Solutions
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Goals / Objectives
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Goals / Objectives

• Goals are nothing more than wishes,
• eg Improve the hearing conservation program.
• Goals describe how training will solve safety
  problem?
• Objectives are statements that clearly describe
  what learners will be able to do as a result of a
  training program.
• eg After training, the participants will be able
  to correctly answer 85 of all test questions.
• Objectives
• Measurable Quantitative
• Observable A behavior or response is measured
• Achievable

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Curriculum, Methods Logistics
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Curriculum

• Content subjects to be cover?
• Sequencing order of topic sequence
• Loading depth of each topic
• Connecting topic relation
• Methods - presentation
• Materials - requirement
• Facilities - venue
• Feedback evaluation
• Scheduling when

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Sequence for a Lesson

• Gain attention ice breaking
• Present the objective
• Deliver the material
• Learners practice
• Provide feedback
• Performance evaluation
• Review and summarize

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Sequence Strategy

• Known to unknown
• Simple to complex
• Concrete to abstract
• General to specific
• Theory to practice
• Observations to reasoning
• Whole to the part and then back again to the whole

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Methods Media
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Logistics

• Where?
• When, day time
• Training coordination
• Classroom setup
• Equipment

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• Training Delivery
• Documentation

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Adults Training Needs

• Need to know why they are learning
• Apply their experience on learning
• Need to be in their control of learning
• Make them more effective and successful

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Adults Want to Know??

• Why is it important?
• How can I apply it?
• How does it work?
• What do I need to know?

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Audience Analysis

• Audience reasons being here?
• What does the audience already know?
• Education level?
• Age level?
• Attitude about you?
• Needs of the audience?
• Capability?
• What will and wont work with audience?

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Effective Presentation Techniques-1

• Tell them what you are going to tell them
• Tell them
• Tell them what you told them

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Effective Presentation Techniques-2

• Introduction The first impression
• Starter Open ended question
• Grab your audience Use questioning
• Purpose of presentation
• Appearance is everything
• Eye contact, Dress, Posture, Body language,
  Movement, Expression

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Effective Presentation Techniques-3

• Expertise, Pace, Attitude, Control, Position
• Presentation length
• Voice Clear loud, not shout
• Visual aids
• Time management
• Enthusiastic
• Tie training to natural system consequences

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Effective Presentation Techniques-4

Avoid
Reading
Rushing
Fidgeting Too many visuals
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Training Documentation

• Trainees Trainers Name
• Date of training
• Topic of training
• Certification trainer trainee sign.
• Trainee statement of understanding-intent to
  comply
• Trainer statement measurement of performance
  was conducted

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• Evaluation

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Training Evaluation

• Post program conversation
• Pre post test, paper pencil quiz
• Behavior, before after comparison-interviews/que
  stionnaires
• Performance measures
• In-depth interview
• Questionnaires

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Training Program Evaluation Form
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• Case Study
• Work Permit Training

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Overview

• More than 20 years old Oil Refinery
• Multinational workforce
• Maximum maintenance work by Contractors
• Very good safety management systems and company
  policy and procedures in place
• High importance to safety by senior management
• Very good audit incident investigation system
  in place
• Exclusive safety training center
• Certified work permit issuers and executors

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Needs Assessment

• Techniques used
• Safety audit,
• Interviews,
• Observations,
• Suggestions,
• Incident reports,
• Work permit records,
• Safety meetings

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Needs Assessment (Work Permit)
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Gaps Identified

• Lack of
• Knowledge
• Skills
• Motivation
• Employee participation
• Communication
• Attitude

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Why Gaps?

• Language barrier
• Low education
• Training deficiency
• Technology
• Overconfidence
• Multicultural environment
• Lack of motivation
• Poor communication
• Employee-contractor relationship

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Major Violations Implementing WP System
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Goals Objectives

• Goals
• To reduce work permit non-compliance.
• To increase awareness among employees about work
  permit system.
• To improve communication.
• Objectives
• To reduce work permit deviations from 90 to 30
  in next 6 months.
• To train all issuers and executors in
  implementing work permit system.
• To improve the standard of safety training.

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Actions

• Compiled all non-conformances
• Weekly audit report analysis
• Non-compliance report to management
• Highlight in safety meetings
• Brainstorm key personnel
• Identified training non-training solutions
• Weak areas were addressed

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Non-Training Solutions

• Correcting at the spot
• Highlights in periodic reports
• Auditing with issuers and / or executor
• Safety meetings
• Handouts, flowchart
• Best permit issuer award
• Safety suggestion recognition
• Safety a point in appraisal
• Employee involvement
• Feedback

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5 Strategies Effective Training Methods
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1. 1 to 1, Face to Face,
2 Way
Communication

• Permit filling
• Issuer
• Executor
• Number of permits
• Risk assessment
• Critical jobs
• Condition change
• Residual hazards
• Personnel protection
• Permit execution
• Compliance
• Supervision

Education Knowledge Skills
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2. Presentation, Lecture

• Non-conformances
• Major violations
• Procedural requirements
• Emphasis on weak areas
• Responsibilities
• Recognition and motivation
• Management commitment
• Case study and examples

Education Knowledge Motivation
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3. Questions and Answers

• Responsibilities dispute
• Current issues
• Safety statistics
• Consequences
• Recent and relevant incidents
• Whats wrong? How, why? Correct way

Knowledge Employee involvement Communication
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4. Safety Talk

• Small group
• By supervisors
• On the job
• 5 to 10 minutes
• Specific only one topic
• Current priority issue
• Demo and practices

Knowledge Employee involvement Skills
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5. Train the Trainer

• Line supervisors and,
• Contractor's supervisors
• Train further down
• Responsibility
• Authority
• Better communication
• Employee participation
• Compliance with company procedures

Education Knowledge Motivation
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Key Elements Played Vital Role in Effective
Training Program

• Management Commitment
• Managers Supervisors Training
• Active Participation
• Active Learning Experience
• Continuous Learning Improvement
• Training Reinforcement
• Feedback

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Work Permit Filling, Execution, Records
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Evaluation

• Following techniques were used
• Audit
• Interview discussion
• Performance
• Behavior
• Feedback
• Work permit records
• Safety statistics

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Results
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Conclusion

• Objectives were measurable and achievable and
  were based on needs assessment.
• Training non-training solutions were strictly
  based on needs.
• Training delivered by competent trainer.
• Performance measured and evaluation was done by
  using various techniques.
• Objectives met/achieved.
• When training results match with goals and
  objectives of the training, the program can be
  considered effective.

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Any Question?
THANK YOU
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References

• OR-OSHA, Oregon Occupational Safety Health
  Division.
• National Safety Council USA.
• Web and other internet resources.