SG1_200603_015_ISOStdsUpdate'ppt

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(No Transcript)
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Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID) - ISO
ISO/IEC Standards

• Craig K. Harmon, President CEO, Q.E.D. Systems

http//www.autoid.org/presentations/presentations.
htm
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Q.E.D. Systems Craig K. Harmon President
CEO http//www.autoid.org

• Chair, ISO TC 122/104 JWG - Supply Chain
  Applications of RFID
• Chair, RFID Experts Group (REG)
• Chair, U.S. TAG to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4
  RFID
• Senior Project Editor ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG
  (RFID)
• Chair, ASC MH 10/SC 8/WG 4, RFID for Returnable
  Containers
• Chair, ISO TC 122/WG 4 (Shipping Labels) ISO TC
  122/WG 7 (Product Packaging)
• Vice-chair, ASC MH 10 and U.S. TAG to ISO TC 122
  (Packaging)
• Project Editor, ISO 18185-7 (Electronic Container
  Seal - Physical Layer)
• AIAG Bar Code, Applications, 2D, Tire,
  Returnables, RFID Committees
• Member, EPCglobal HAG (UHFGen2), FMCG BAG, HLS
  BAG, SAG, TLS, TDS
• JTC 1 Liaison Officer to the International
  Telecommunications Union (ITU-R ITU-T)
• Past Chair, ASC INCITS T6 (RFID) - ANS INCITS
  2561999, 2001
• ASC MH 10/SC 8 Liaison Universal Postal Union
  (UPU) Physical Encoding Group (PEG)
• Advisor and Member of USPS Strategic Technology
  Council
• ISO TC 104 122 (Freight Containers / Packaging)
  Liaison Officer to JTC 1/SC 31
• Chairman Project Editor, ANS MH10.8.2 (Data
  Application Identifiers)
• Vocabulary Rapporteur to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31
• Co-chair, HIBCC Automatic Identification
  Technical Committee (AITC)
• Project Editor, EIA Shipping Label, Product,
  Product Package, Component Marking

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International Standards
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Standards Organizations
International
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
(United Nations)
Universal Postal Union (UPU) (United Nations)
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1)
TC 122 Packaging
SC 31 Automatic Data Capture
ITU-T (fka CCITT) Telecommunications
SC 17 IC Cards
TC 104 Freight Containers
WG 1 - Symbology
WG 2 - Data Content
ITU-R (fka CCIR IFBR) Radio-frequency Issues
TC 122/104 JWG SC Apps RFID
SC 6 Telcom info exchbtwn systems
WG 3 - Conformance
WG 4 - RFID
ITU-D (fka BDT) Telecommunications Development
TC 8 Ships Marine Tech
WG 5 - RTLS
Regional
Comité Européen Normalisation Electrotechnique
(CENELEC)
Comité Européen Postal Telegraph (CEPT)
Comité Européen Normalisation (CEN)
ECMA
ODETTE
National
Standards Assoc of China (SAC)
Deutches Institut fur Normung (DIN)
British Standards Institution (BSI)
ANSI
AFNOR
JISC
IEEE
INCITS
MHI
GS 1
CEA
AIM
Other
T6
B10
Industry
ATA
DoD
CEA
HIBCC
GS 1
AIA
Other
VDA
AIAG
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Types of Standards

• Technology
• Symbology, RFID, I.C. Card
• Data Content
• Semantics (DIs or AIs), Syntax
• Conformance
• Print Quality, Test Specifications,
  Conformance to Air Interface
• Network
• Object-to-object communications
• Application Standards
• Freight container, RTI, Ship Label, Product
  Package, Product Mark/Tag, eSeal

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Working Group (WG) 4RFID for Item Management

• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31Automatic Identification and
  Data Capture Techniques

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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31

• Charted to work on technical specificationsJTC
  1 was established in 1987 for 'standardization in
  the field of information technology systems ...
  and equipment ...(with the exclusion of)
  information technology for specific
  applications. jtc1n6778
• JTC 1 is comprised of both ISO and IEC
• SC 31 is chartered to work on automatic data
  capture technical specifications

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Technical StandardsRadio Frequency
Identification (RFID)

• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4/SG 3
• RFID for Item Management Air Interface (ISO
  18000)
• ISO/IEC 18000-1 - Generic parameters - Air
  interface
• ISO/IEC 18000-2 - Parameters for air interface
  below 135 kHz
• ISO/IEC 18000-3 - Parameters for air interface at
  13.56 MHz
• ISO/IEC 18000-4 - Parameters for air interface at
  2.45 GHz
• ISO/IEC 18000-6 - Parameters for air interface at
  860-960 MHz
• ISO/IEC 18000-7 - Parameters for active air
  interface at 433.92 MHz

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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 Structure
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) - IT
ISO/IEC JTC 1 Subcommittee 31
Secretariat GS 1
WG 1 Data Carrier
WG 2 Data Structure
WG 3 Conformance
WG 4 RF Tags
WG 5 RTLS
Convener S. Ackley (US)
Convener T. Yoshioka (JP)
Convener C. Biss (US)
Convener H. Barthel
Convener M. Harmon
DAI
Code 39
Linear Print Quality
API
Air Interface
2450 MHz
Data Syntax
ITF
2D Print Quality
Unique RF Tag ID
433 MHz
Unique ID
MaxiCode
Printing Specs
Defs. Logical Mem Map
GLS
Data Matrix
Test Specs BC Printers
Application Interface
Near Field
Test Specs BC Readers
Encoding Rules
EAN/U.P.C.
Test Specs BC Verifiers
Code 128
PDF417
RFID Performance
QR Code
RFID Conformance
Symbology Identifiers
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SC 31/WG 4 (RFID) Technology Projects
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Data Content StandardsISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 2
WG 4/SG 1

• ISO/IEC 15424 - Data Carrier/Symbology
  Identifiers
• ISO/IEC 15418 - EAN.UCC Application Identifiers
  and ASC MH 10 Data Identifiers
• ISO/IEC 15434 - Syntax for High Capacity ADC
  Media
• ISO/IEC 15459 - Unique identification - Part 1
  Transport units Part 2 Registration
  procedures Part 3 Common rules Part 4
  Unique Item identification for supply chain
  management Part 5 Unique identification -
  Returnable transport items Part 6 Unique
  identification - Lot/batch
• ISO/IEC 15961 - Data protocol Application
  interface
• ISO/IEC 15962 - Protocol Data encoding rules and
  logical memory functions
• ISO/IEC 15963 - Unique ID of RF Tag

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The 15459 Suite

• FDIS ISO/IEC 15459-1, Information technology
  Unique identifiers for item management Part 1
  Unique identification of transport units
• FDIS ISO/IEC 15459-2, Information technology
  Unique identifiers for item management Part 2
  Registration procedures
• FDIS ISO/IEC 15459-3, Information technology
  Unique identifiers for item management Part 3
  Common rules for unique identification
• FDIS ISO/IEC 15459-4, Information technology
  Unique identifiers for item management Part 4
  Unique item identification for supply chain
  management
• FCD ISO/IEC 15459-5, Information Technology
  Unique Identification Part 5 Unique
  Identification of Returnable Transport Items
  (RTIs)
• CD ISO/IEC 15459-6, Information technology
  Unique identification Part 6 Unique
  identification for product groupings in material
  lifecycle management

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Conformance StandardsRadio Frequency
Identification (RFID)ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 3/SG
1

• ISO/IEC 18046 - RFID Device Performance Test
  Methods
• ISO/IEC 18047 - RFID Device Conformance Test
  Methods
• Part 2 - lt135 kHz
• Part 3 - 13.56 MHz
• Part 4 - 2.45 GHz
• Part 6 - 860-960 MHz
• Part 7 - 433 MHz

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ISO TC 122/104Joint Working Group (JWG)(Supply
chain applications of RFID)
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The Layers of Logistic Units (Radio Frequency
Identification - RFID)
Layer 5
Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train)
Layer 4 (433 MHz)ISO 17363(Freight containers)
Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container)
Layer 3 (860-960 MHz)(Other 18000 with TPA) ISO
17364(Returnable transport items)
Unit Load Pallet
Unit Load Pallet
Layer 2 (860-960 MHz)ISO 17365(Transport units)
Transport Unit
Transport Unit
Transport Unit
Transport Unit
Layer 1 (860-960 MHz) ISO 17366(Product
packaging)
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Layer 0 (860-960 MHz)(13.56 MHz with TPA)ISO
17367(Product tagging)
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
TPA - Trading Partner Agreement
Concept Source Akira Shibata, DENSO-Wave
Corporation
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ISO TC 122/104 JWG project status

• ISO 10374.2, Freight containers RF automatic
  identification
• IS Issued 1991, Amd 1 1995
• CD balloting closes 2006-03-09
• ISO 17363, Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Freight containers
• DIS balloting closes 2006-07-01
• ISO 17364, Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Returnable transport items
• DIS balloting closes 2006-07-01
• ISO 17365, Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Transport units
• DIS balloting closes 2006-07-01
• ISO 17366, Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Product packaging
• DIS balloting closes 2006-07-01
• ISO 17367, Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Product tagging
• DIS balloting closes 2006-07-01

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Three tags - different purposes
Supply Chain Tag - ISO 17363
Container ID Tag - ISO 10374.2
Electronic Seal -ISO 18185
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ISO TC 104/SC 4/WG 2Electronic Container Seals
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Sealing and anti-tamper capability

• Bolt Seal Security Tag
• Electronically secures ocean containers, air
  cargo ULD containers, trailers,
• Monitors presence and integrity of bolt seal,
  generates alarm upon bolt removal or breakage
• Re-usable tag
• Reduces manual inspections
• Minimizes theft, loss and tampering

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Three tags - different purposes
Supply Chain Tag - ISO 17363
Container ID Tag - ISO 10374.2
Electronic Seal -ISO 18185
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ISO TC 104 project status

• ISO 830, Freight containers Vocabulary
• CD Ballot closes 2006-03-06
• Revision of ISO 8301999, ISO 8301999/Cor 12001
• ISO 17712, Freight containers Mechanical seals
• Publicly Available Specification (PAS) published
  2005-11-13
• Draft International Standards (DIS) expected
  2006-02-28
• Final Draft International Standards (FDIS)
  expected 2007-01-31
• Published International Standards (IS) expected
  2007-07-31
• ISO 18185, Freight containers Electronic
  container seals
• Part 1, Communication protocol, 2nd DIS balloting
  closes 2006-03-27
• Part 2, Environmental characteristics, Awaiting
  decision by TC 104 SC 4/WG 2
• Part 3, Application requirements, 2005-10-19 -
  with no sustained negatives at DIS . . . IS
  publication requested
• Part 4, Data protection, CD ballot resolution in
  May 2006
• Part 6, Messages sets for transfer between seal
  reader and host computer, 2005-10-19 - to be
  changed to EDI messages and may require scope
  modification
• Part 7, Physical layer, 2nd DIS balloting closes
  2006-03-27

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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17Integrated Circuit Cards
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Relevant JTC 1/SC 17 Standards
Integrated Circuit(s) Card
Standardization in the area of identification
cards and related devices for use
ininter-industry applications and international
interchange.This is interpreted to cover
allstandardization concerning personal
identificationand/or cards.
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17
Contactless IC Card
IC Cards with Contacts
Remote Coupling
Close Coupling (CICC)
Vicinity (VICC)
Proximity (PICC)
13.56 MHz
13.56 MHz
4.91 MHz
3.57 MHz
70 cm
10 cm
2 mm
Contact
10 kb/s
106 kb/s
106 kb/s
106 kb/s
ISO15693
ISO 14443
ISO 10536
ISO 7816
WG 8/TF 3
WG 8/TF 2
WG 8/TF 1
WG 4
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ISO TC 204/WG 7Intelligent Transport
SystemsGeneral fleet management and
commercial/freight
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Automatic Vehicle Identification(ISO TC204 WG4/
CEN TC278 WG12 Joint Working Group)

• ISO 14814 (ENV 12314-1) AVI/AEI - Reference
  Architectures and Terminology
• ISO 14815 AVI/AEI - System Specification
• EN ISO 14816 AVI/AEI - Numbering and Data
  Structures
• ISO 17261 AVI/AEI - Inter-modal goods transport -
  Architectures and Terminology
• ISO 17262 AVI/AEI - Inter-modal goods transport -
  Numbering and Data Structures
• ISO 17263 AVI/AEI - Inter-modal goods transport -
  System Parameters
• ISO 1726 AVI/AEI - Interfaces

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ISO 24533Freight conveyance content
identification and communication architecture
Functional elements of the communication link
of ITS-RF/KANBAN
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Other ISO TC 204CALM (Communication
Air-interface Long and Medium range) Networking
Protocols
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ASC MH10 PINS
Today
Container Reader/ Communicator
Proposed
?
On Board Unit (OBU)
?
10374.2 Tag
?
17364 Tags
?
18185 Tag/Seal
?
?
?
?
?
Fingerprint Reader
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
17365 Tags
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Transportation Worker ID Card (TWIC) with
Fingerprint BiometricISO/IEC 14443
17363 Tag
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Chassis Tag TC 204 Standard
Tractor Tag TC 204 Standard
On Board Unit (OBU)
?
Tomorrow
Road Side Unit (RSU)
Part of CALM Network
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Standards

• ISO 17365 (transport unit) tags used to build
  17364 pallet tags
• ISO 17364 tags used to build 17363
  container/manifest tags and to communicate with
  container reader/ communicator
• ISO 10374.2 tag identifies container
• ISO 18185 is eSeal tag
• Chassis is identified by ISO TC 204 tag (ISO
  14816)
• Tractor is identified by ISO TC 204 tag (ISO
  14816)
• Driver is identified by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17
  Transportation and DHS Worker Identification Card
  (TWIC)
• On-board Unit (OBU) communicates to Road-side
  Unit (RSU) via CALM (Communication Air-interface
  Long and Medium range) Network (OBU-RSU
  communications protocol provisional)

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Concept of Operations

• As supply chain pallets are being built,
  transport unit tags are loaded to pallet tags
  identifying contents, who built the shipment,
  purchase order number, and when the shipment was
  built.
• As pallets are loaded into the container, pallet
  tags are loaded to container supply chain tags
  identifying contents, who built the shipment,
  purchase order number, container ID, eSeal ID,
  and when the container was stuffed.
• Container loaded onto chassis.
• When the tractor connects to the chassis,
  container information, chassis ID, and tractor ID
  is loaded to the On-board Unit (OBU)
• Driver inserts TWIC to ID card/fingerprint print
  reader
• Immediately prior to border crossing event,
  driver records in vitro fingerprint to the OBU
  and a time stamp of fingerprint read.
• At the border crossing point the contents of the
  OBU are transferred to the Road-side Unit (RSU).
  The Road-side Unit (RSU) might also capture
  information from the Container ID, eSeal, and
  Supply Chain/Manifest tag.
• Process records the matching of the driver to the
  tractor, chassis, container, contents, eSeal, and
  time of the event.

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ITU-TInternational Telecommunications Union -
Technology
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ITU-TThe standardization work of ITU-T is
carried out by the technical Study Groups (SGs)
in which representatives of the ITU-T membership
develop Recommendations (standards) for the
various fields of international
telecommunications. The SGs drive their work
primarily in the form of study Questions. Each of
these addresses technical studies in a particular
area of telecommunication standardization. Each
SG has a SG Chairman and a number of
vice-chairmen appointed by the World
Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA).

• Study Group 2 - Operational aspects of service
  provision, networks and performance
• Lead Study Group on Service definition, Numbering
  and Routing.
• Lead Study Group for Telecommunication for
  Disaster Relief/Early Warning.
• Study Group 3 - Tariff and accounting principles
  including related telecommunication economic and
  policy issues
• Study Group 4 - Telecommunication management
• Lead Study Group on Telecommunication Management.
• Study Group 5 - Protection against
  electromagnetic environment effects
• Study Group 6 - Outside plant and related indoor
  installations
• Study Group 9 - Integrated broadband cable
  networks and television and sound transmission
• Lead Study Group on integrated broadband cable
  and television networks.
• Study Group 11 - Signalling requirements and
  protocols
• Lead Study Group on signalling and protocols
• Lead Study Group on intelligent networks
• Study Group 12 - Performance and quality of
  service
• Lead Study Group on Quality of Service and
  performance.

• Study Group 13 - Next Generation Networks
• Lead study group for NGN and satellite matters.
• Study Group 15 - Optical and other transport
  network infrastructures
• Lead Study Group on Access Network Transport and
  on Optical Technology.
• Study Group 16 - Multimedia terminals, systems
  and applications
• Lead Study Group on multimedia terminals, systems
  and applications.
• Lead Study Group on ubiquitous applications
  (e-everything, such as e-health and
  e-business).
• Study Group 17 - Security, languages and
  telecommunication software
• Lead Study Group on Telecommunication Security.
• Lead Study Group on Languages and Description
  Techniques.
• Study Group 19 - Mobile telecommunication
  networks
• Lead Study Group on mobile telecommunication
  networks and for mobility.
• Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group
  (TSAG)
• TSAG reviews priorities, programmes, operations,
  financial matters and strategies for the Sector,
  follows up on the accomplishment of the work
  programme, restructures and establishes ITU-T
  Study Groups, provides guidelines to the Study
  Groups, advises the Director of TSB, elaborates
  A-series Recommendations on organization and
  working procedures.

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ITU-T Workshop Network RFID 14-15 February 2006

• Objectives
• The event focused on the use of RFID technology
  in networked environments, and review
  international standardization. Particular
  emphasis will be given to the impact that
  networked RFID applications will have on
  telecommunication networks, especially on network
  and service capability requirements and
  inter-working aspects.
• Present the status of RFID technology and
  identify future trends
• Review current and future applications, services
  and business models leveraging networked RFIDs
  (NRFIDs)
• Identify NRFID aspects relevant to
  telecommunications (services and network
  capabilities, architecture, QoS, performance,
  security, etc.)
• Analyse how far existing standards can support
  NRFID applications and services, and identify
  where enhanced or new standards might be needed
• Identify elements for a roadmap for a
  standardization framework, including the
  clarification of the role of applicable SDOs,
  forums and consortia

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Topics Speakers - 2006-02-14

• Opening Remarks Yoshio Utsumi (ITU Secretary
  General)
• Welcome Address Houlin Zhao (Director of TSB)
• RFID-Tutorial Jari-Pascal Curty (Sokymat,
  Switzerland)
• ITU-T Tony Rutkowski (Verisign, USA)
• ISO/IEC Craig K. Harmon (QED Systems, USA)
• EPCglobal Henri Barthel (EPCglobal)
• Ubiquitous ID Center Noboru Koshizuka
  (Ubiquitous ID Center, JP)
• Near Field Communication Reinhard Meindl
  (Philips, Austria)
• Visions of Ubiquity Things in Cyberspace Lara
  Srivastava (ITU/SPU)
• RFID A European Perspective Florent Frederix
  (European Commission)
• Visions and strategy in Japan Takeshi Tandai
  (MIC, Japan)
• Visions and Trends in US Markets - A Start-up
  Perspective Yael Maguire (ThingMagic, USA)
• Networked RFID for Use in the Food Chain Peter
  Jones (Hitachi Europe)
• RFID for Telecommunication Network Maintenance
  Edoardo Cottino (SIRTI, Italy)
• Transport Container (ISO/TC104) Susan Evans
  (Savi Networks,
• Automotive industry and RFID Christian Mory
  (Michelin, France)
• RFID solutions for e-health Robert Gaisch (MBBS,
  Switzerland)
• Mobile RFID Services and its Business Impacts
  Hyoung Jun Kim (ETRI, Korea)
• RFID, applications and business models - the
  Telco perspective Bjørn Thorstensen (Telenor
  RD, Norway)

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Topics Speakers - 2006-02-15

• Security issues in RFID and sensor networks Kyo
  Il Chung (ETRI, Korea)
• Authentication and privacy capabilities suitable
  for RFID Matt Robshaw (France Télécom RD,
  France)
• Malicious Traceability within RFID Systems
  Gildas Avoine (EPFL, Switzerland)
• The EPCglobal Network Architecture Henri Barthel
  (EPCglobal)
• RFID An IP Networked Application Monique
  Morrow Peter Tomsu (Cisco Systems, USA)
• Networked ID Applications and Standardization
  Topics Yong Woon Kim (ETRI, Korea)
• The interferences among passive type UHF-RFID
  systems in dense environment, Analysis and
  Proposal Toshihisa Kamemaru (Mitsubishi Electric
  Corporation, Japan)
• Self-organizing Sensor and Actuator Networks
  Martin Glänzer (Siemens, Germany)
• Integration of RFID with Smart and Wireless
  Sensor Networks Kang Lee (NIST, USA)
• Advanced RFID and Smart Tags - Vision Trends
  Daniel Evers (Siemens, Germany)
• Future trends for the applications, viewpoint
  based on future technologies Laurent Sciboz
  (HEVs - University of Applied Sciences,
  Switzerland)
• Future trends in Japanese RFID Technologies and
  Market Noboru Koshizuka (The University of
  Tokyo, Japan)
• Summarizations Session chairs

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Workshop Conclusions 1/3

• Tentative list of topics of common interest 1/2
• Scope RFID and Sensors Networks
• Business models (e.g. service broker
  architecture issue)
• Architecture (network, service stratum) for
  distributed applications (NGN compliance,..)
• MM service/network requirements and
  capabilities to support present and future
  applications (B2B, B2C, C2C)
• Signaling and control protocols
• Ubiquitous information service protocols
• Security (confidentiality, privacy,
  cryptography,)

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Workshop Conclusions 2/3

• Tentative list of topics of common interest 2/2
• Interoperability, roaming
• Data format
• Reader management issue
• OID Systems (coherent, scalable, trusted,
  rapid resolution of identifier, interoperability,
  )
• Content negotiation issues
• Performance and QoS
• RF aspects (spectrum allocation, intra and
  extra RFID compatibility)
• Terminology

39
Workshop Conclusions 3/3

• Improve and strengthen cooperation among
• key players
• ITUITU-T, ITU-R, ITU-D
• ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC6, SC17, SC27, SC31
• ISOTC104, TC122, TC204
• ETSI
• IEEE
• EPCglobal
• NFC
• Regional Key Players

40
Prioritization Conclusions 1/3

• Tentative list of topics of common interest 1/3
• (Scope RFID and Sensors Networks)
• Business models (e.g. service broker
  architecture issue), Architecture (network,
  service stratum) for distributed applications
  (NGN compliance,..)- ITU-T SG13 (SG16)- JTC
  1/SC 6, SC 31- TC 204 - ISO TC 122/104 JWG-
  EPCglobal
• MM service/network requirements and
  capabilities to support present and future
  applications (B2B, B2C, C2C)-
  ITU-TSG2,SG13,SG16- JTC 1/SC 6, SC 31- TC
  204- ISO TC 122/104 JWG
• Signalling requirements and control protocols
  (routing??)- ITU-T SG11- JTC 1/SC 31, SC 6
• (Ubiquitous information service protocols)-
  ITU-T SG2, SG16.
• Security (confidentiality, privacy,
  cryptography,)- ITU-T SG2, SG16, SG17- JTC
  1/SC 6, SC 17, SC 27, SC 31

41
Prioritization Conclusions 2/3

• Tentative list of topics of common interest 2/3
• Interoperability, roaming Notes 1. Definition
  of roaming needs to be refined 2.
  Interoperability is relevant to all issues listed
• Data format- ITU-T SG17- JTC 1/SC 6, SC 17,
  SC 31/WG 4/SG 1- ISO TC 122/104 JWG- EPCglobal
• Reader management issue- ITU-T SG4 (?)- JTC
  1/SC 31- EPCglobal
• Object Identification System (coherent, scalable,
  trusted, rapid resolution of identifier,
  interoperability, )- ITU-T SG2, SG11,SG16,
  SG17- JTC 1/SC 6, SC 31/WG 4/SG 1

42
Prioritization Conclusions 3/3

• Tentative list of topics of common interest 3/3
• Content negotiation issues- ITU-T SG9,
  SG16,- JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4- OMA, W3C
• Performance and QoSITU-T SG2, SG9, SG13,
  SG16- JTC 1/SC 31/WG 3
• RF aspects (spectrum allocation, intra and extra
  RFID compatibility)- ITU-R, ETSI- JTC 1/SC
  31/WG 4- NFC- National bodies (e.g. MII/China)
• Terminology and Definitions- ITU-T all SGs-
  JTC 1/SC 31
• General notes1. JTC 1/SC 31 work is primarily
  related to Tag-Reader interfaces2. IEEE
  standards applies to sensor-networks3. Priority
  topics are indicated in red

43
Future Plan of the deliverables

• 6.1 Terms and Definitions
• (T06-TSAG RFID CG-WD-07-060210.doc)
• The editor will modify and improve the first
  draft of the report document and finish editing
  the document until the next TSAG Meeting (July
  2006).
• 6.2 Business Models and Service scenarios
• (T06-TSAG RFID CG-WD-10(1)-060212.doc and
  T06-TSAG RFID CG-WD-10(2)-060212.doc)
• The editors will modify and improve the first
  draft of the report document and finish editing
  the document until the next TSAG Meeting (July
  2006). The following editing schedule was
  proposed and agreed

44
Future Plan of the deliverables

• 6.3 Standardization issues
• The editors will modify and improve the first
  draft of the report documents and finish editing
  the following two documents until the next TSAG
  Meeting (July 2006)
• Report 1 "Review Report of Standardization
  Issues on Network Aspects of Identification
  including RFID
• (T06-TSAG RFID CG-WD-04-060210.doc)
• Report 2 "Proposed ITU-T strategy for
  standardization issues on network aspects of
  identification with harmonized standardization
  cooperation
• (T06-TSAG RFID CG-WD-08-060212.doc)
• The following editing schedule was proposed and
  agreed.

45
ISO TC 8Ships and Marine Technology
46
ISO TC 8Ships and Marine Technology

• ISO/PAS 208582004, Ships and marine technology
  Maritime port facility security assessments and
  security plan development, published June 2004,
  is designed to assist in the implementation of
  the International Maritime Organization's
  International Ship Port Security (ISPS) Code.
• ISO/PAS 28001, Best practices for custody in
  supply chain security, will assist industry to
  meet best practices as outlined in the World
  Customs Organization Framework. It is expected to
  be published in the second quarter of 2006.
• ISO/PAS 28004, Security management systems for
  the supply chain General guidelines on
  principles, systems and supporting techniques,
  will assist users of ISO 28000. It will reference
  ISO 190112002, Guidelines for quality and/or
  environmental management systems auditing, and
  the future ISO/IEC 17021, Conformity assessment
  Requirements for bodies providing audit and
  certification of management systems.

47
RFID Experts Group (REG)
48
RFID Experts Group

• Formed in February 2004 to assist DoD with RFID
  implementation
• Under the AIM Global umbrella in July 2004
• Reaching out for international cooperation
• EMEA
• Japan
• Korea
• China

49
REG Working Groups (WGs)

• WG 5-I Interrogator System Implementation
  Operations
• WG 5-B Back-up
• WG 5-L Enabled Labels Packaging
• WG 5-R Recyclability
• WG 5-Q Tag Quality
• WG 5-E Education Certification
• WG 5-G Global Operation (Regulatory Database)
• WG 5-P Privacy
• WG 5-F Safety (Public Policy)
• WG 5-C Security
• WG 5-T Sensors and Transducers
• WG 5-S Technology Selection
• WG 5-M Software Middleware
• AIM Global RFID Emblem

50
ISO/IEC Implementation TRs

• ISO/IEC 24729-1, Information technology Radio
  frequency identification for item management
  Implementation guidelines Part 1 RFID-enabled
  labels and packaging
• Source REG WG 5-L 5-B
• ISO/IEC 24729-2, Information technology Radio
  frequency identification for item management
  Implementation guidelines Part 2
  Recyclability of RF tags
• Source REG WG 5-R
• ISO/IEC 24729-3, Information technology Radio
  frequency identification for item management
  Implementation guidelines Part 3 RFID
  interrogator/antenna installation
• Source REG WG 5-I

51
ISO/IEC RFID Tag Quality

• ISO/IEC xxxxx-1, Information technology Radio
  frequency identification for item management
  Conformance Part 1 Qualification of Design and
  Manufacture for RFID
• Source REG WG 5-Q
• ISO/IEC xxxxx-2, Information technology Radio
  frequency identification for item management
  Conformance Part 2 Verification of RFID tag
  quality
• Source REG WG 5-Q

52
B11/EPC Harmonization Proposal

• 27 January 2006(Slide 21 Added 1 February 2006)
• (Slides 5 and 19 replaced by 7 and 20
• 1 March 2006 by Q.E.D. Systems)

53
Challenge for B11 and EPCglobal

• Multiple industries will use the same UHF air
  interface protocol
• Different sectors will use different identifier
  encodings
• Commercial, DoD, Retail EPCglobal Tag Data
  Standard
• Aero Industrial 15961/962, SPEC2000, other
• Pharmaceutical
• How can tires be identified across multiple
  sectors?

54
Tag Memory
55
Basic RFID user information structure
1
0
PC bit17HEX
AFI
EPC
SGTIN SSCC GRAI . . .
Unique Parts Identification License
Plate Returnable Transport Item . . .
56
ISO/IEC 18000, Part 6CMemory Structure
x10
x15
x17
x20
x00
x0F
x14
x16
x18
x1F
Zero fillto thewordboundary
Reserved/AFI
UII TagEncoding
CRC
Length
PC
always zero for EPC
Toggle - always zero for EPC
NSI
RFU - always zero for 18000-6c
57
Proposal . . .

• NEEDED
• Neither ISO/IEC 18000-6C, nor EPC TDS, nor
  application proposal includes an indicator that
  MB11 is being used.
• This need is also recognized within ILTJRG / HLS
  / Pharma
• PROPOSAL
• Use Bit 15 within MB01 to mean
• 0 MB11 is NOT being used
• 1 MB11 IS being used

58
. . . Proposal . . .
x10
x15
x17
x20
x00
x0F
x14
x16
x18
x1F
Zero fillto thewordboundary
Reserved/AFI
UII TagEncoding
CRC
Length
PC
always zero for EPC
Toggle - always zero for EPC
NSI
RFU
Read MB 11
59
. . . Proposed Data Structure
User Memory
UII Memory
MB01
MB11
LSB
LSB
MSB
MSB
UII (inclEPC)
PCBits (incl AFI)
Storage Format
RFU
CRC16
Object
Object
Object
ISO/IEC 15961/15962
UII

• Data construction according to EPC proposal

• Data construction according to ISO/IEC
  15961/15962 standards

NEEDED Within MB01, use bit 15 to indicate that
MB11 is, or is not, used.
60
User Data Construction

• Utilizing ISO/IEC 15961 / 15962, the data in MB11
  (User Memory), starting at memory byte location 2
  (3rd byte of memory) would be constructed as
  follows

Precursor, Object ID Length, Object ID,
Object Length, Object Example follows next
slide
61
DOT Example

• DI 21S
• Converts as Relative-OID 691 dec
• Using 15962 rules, encodes as 85 33 HEX
• The length code for this to 15962 rules is 81 HEX
• Data MKB5A8WR2405
• Uncompacted (ASCII Hex) 4D 4B 42 35 41 38 57 52
  32 34 30 35
• Length code 0C
• Precursor 0F
• Encodes the compaction scheme (application
  defined in this example) and the fact that the
  length of the Relative-OID follows
• Full encoding 0F 81 85 33 0C 4D 4B 42 35
  41 38 57 52 32 34 30 35

62
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4/SG 314 March 2006

• ISO/IEC 18000, Part 6C (New Revision) was
  modified to add the following language
• Bit 15 set to 1 shows the presence of User
  Memory. The first byte(s) of Memory Bank 11
  define user memory data usage.

63
???
64
Thank You!!!
65
(No Transcript)
66
Overview of RFID
67
Active RFID

• Active tags transmit an RF signal (instead of
  reflecting the signal)
• Active tags have longer range than passive tags
• Most active tags have batteries, though emerging
  technology may provide active transmission
  WITHOUT batteries.

68
Passive RFID

• Passive tags (also referred to as field
  disturbance devices) reflect and modulate radio
  waves received by the tag from the interrogator.
• Passive devices have ranges of 1 to 4 meters
  depending upon national regulations
• Passive tags do not require an on-board power
  source, but some do have batteries to support
  sensors and faster response times.

69
RFID Operation (Passive Tags)
APPLICATION
INTERROGATOR
RF TAG
Tag Physical Memory
Decoder
AIR INTERFACE
Logical Memory Map
Encoder
DEVICECOMMANDS
COMMANDS
Tag Driver and Mapping Rules
APPLICATIONCOMMANDS
Command / Response Unit
Application Program Interface
APPLICATIONRESPONSES
RESPONSES
DEVICERESPONSES
Logical Memory
Note The Logical Memory Map in the Tag Physical
Memory is given by the Tag architecture and the
mapping rules in the Tag Driver. All the
information in the Logical Memory is represented
in the Logical Memory Map
PHYSICAL INTERROGATOR
DATA PROTOCOL PROCESSOR
ISO/IEC 15961
ISO/IEC 18000
ISO/IEC 15962
ISO/IEC 15962 Annexes
70
RFID Operation (Passive Tags)

• Sequence of Communication
• Host Manages Reader(s) and Issues Commands
• Reader and tag communicate via RF signal
• Carrier signal generated by the reader (upon
  request from the host application)
• Carrier signal sent out through the antennas
• Carrier signal hits tag(s)
• Tag receives and modifies carrier signal
• sends back modulated signal (Passive
  Backscatter - FCC and ITU refer to as field
  disturbance device)
• Antennas receive the modulated signal and send
  them to the Reader
• Reader decodes the data
• Results returned to the host application

71
Are All Tags The Same?

• Basic Types
• Active
• Tag transmits radio signal
• Internally powered memory, radio circuitry
• High Read Range (300 feet)
• Passive
• Tag reflects radio signal from reader
• Reader powered
• Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)

72
My Favorite Quote of Bill Gates

• People have a tendency to overestimate technology
  in the short term, and underestimate it in the
  long term.

73
Its all about the data

• Inventory databases are currently structured with
  product codes
• New technology should not require new data
• Refresh technology when that technology becomes
  cost effective
• Do not rush into new data structures without
  understanding the impact on existing information
  systems

74
RFID vs Key-entry Bar Code

• RFID is not a replacement for a bar code!!
• Use RFID where there is a positive ROI
• When analyzing your business process, which makes
  the most sense?
• ALWAYS HAVE A BACK-UP PLAN
• With RFID back-up, what is the key-entry
  solution
• Keying 96 1s and 0s?
• Decimal representation of binary data?
• Hexadecimal representation of binary data?
• Octal representation of binary data?
• For bar code back-up, will you use existing bar
  codes or new ones?

75
Serialization

• EPC implementation requires re-engineering of
  your business processes
• Existing inventory data bases are product code
  driven not serial number
• Appreciate the amount of additional data that you
  will be both filtering and processing
• Encoding existing serial numbers may be
  preferable to migration to a binary system
• EPC does NOT require this serialization for its
  arbitration/anti-collision methods

76
Blocks vs Fields of Data

• Bar codes are one at a time
• Two-dimensional symbols are often blocks of data
• Data rich RF tags are blocks of data
• Serial number only tags require data base /
  communications access to identify the data
• Are your systems ready for these changes?
• Are you ready for the investment to enable these
  changes?

77
Implementation Issues

• Read zone control
• Application of tags
• Where in the process
• Where on the container
• How are the labels being applied
• Use ISO standards
• EPC requires pre-population of data at the
  recipient (X12 856 / EDIFACT DESADV / XML) or
  access to the EPCIS
• Back-up in case of tag failure
• Recycling
• Data concerns
• Return on investment

78
Application StandardsRadio Frequency
Identification - Open Standards

• ISO 10374 - Freight containers Automatic
  identification
• ISO 18185 - Freight Containers - Radio-frequency
  communication protocol for electronic seal
• ISO 11784 Radio-Frequency Identification of
  Animals - Code Structure
• ISO 11785 Radio-Frequency Identification of
  Animals - Technical Concept
• ISO 14223-1 Radio-Frequency Identification of
  Animals - Advanced Transponders - Part 1 Air
  Interface
• ISO 21007-1 Gas Cylinders - Identification and
  Marking Using Radio Frequency Identification
  Technology - Part 1 Reference Architecture and
  Terminology
• ISO 21007-2 Gas Cylinders - Identification and
  Marking Using Radio Frequency Identification
  Technology - Part 2 Numbering Schemes for Radio
  Frequency
• ANSI MH10.8.4 - RFID for Returnable Containers
• AIAG B-11 - Tire Wheel Identification Standard
• ISO 122/104 JWG - Supply Chain Applications of
  RFID
• ISO 17363 - Freight containers
• ISO 17364 - Returnable transport items
• ISO 17365 - Transport units
• ISO 17366 - Product packaging
• ISO 17367 - Product tagging

79
Technology Standards
Radio Frequency Identification Open Standards

• ISO/IEC 18000 - RFID for Item Management
• Part 2 - 125 - 150 kHz
• Part 3 - 13.56 MHz
• Part 4 - 2450 MHz
• Part 6 - 860 - 960 MHz
• Part 7 - 433.92 MHz (active)

Data Standards

• ISO/IEC 15418 - Application Identifiers Data
  Identifiers
• ISO/IEC 15434 - Syntax
• ISO/IEC 15459 - Unique Item Identification
• ISO/IEC 15961 - Data Protocol Application
  Interface
• ISO/IEC 15962 - Data Protocol Data Encoding
  Rules and
• Logical Memory Functions
• ISO/IEC 15963 - Unique Identification for RF Tags

Conformance Standards

• ISO/IEC 18047 - RFID device conformance test
  methods (at)
• Part 2 - 125 - 150 kHz
• Part 3 - 13.56 MHz
• Part 4 - 2450 MHz
• Part 6 - 860 - 960 MHz
• Part 7 - 433.92 MHz (active)

80
ISO Standards

• ISO has published air interface, data structure,
  and conformance standards
• ISO (JTC 1/SC 31) has 27 countries that actively
  participate in standards development including
  China, Korea, and Japan
• ISO (JTC 1/SC 31) has 28 other regional and
  international organizations with which it
  cooperates in liaison
• ISO follows established rules and engages all
  member countries in voting and comments to
  developing standards
• ISO is open

81
Regulations
82
Regulations - ITU
83
Regulatory Differences

• Usage of channel
• Primary service
• Secondary service
• Cannot interfere with primary service
• Cannot claim protection of interference from
  primary service
• Can claim protection of interference from other
  secondary users
• Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) Bands
• Narrowband or Spread Spectrum
• Power level
• Duty cycle

84
Which Technology

• How far?
• How fast?
• How many?
• How much?
• Geometry of tagging space
• Interferers (physical and radio)

85
Radio Regulation Recommendations
86
Recent Developments

• 860 - 960 MHz
• Includes Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM)
  band
• Technology enhancement (frequency agile and
  listen before talk) permits
• 902 - 928 MHz used in Region 2 (U.S.)
• 865.6 - 867.6 MHz nearing finalization in Region
  1 (Europe)
• 908.5 - 914 MHz regulations finalized in Region 3
  (Korea)
• 950 - 956 MHz regulations in process in Region 3
  (Japan - Jul 05)
• China published in band regulations on 1
  October 2005
• ISO/IEC 18000-6 (860-960 MHz) re-opened to
  address new developments, such as Gen2

87
Recent Developments

• 433.92 MHz
• ISM band permitted by ITU (implemented in Region
  1 but for different parameters in Regions 2 and
  3)
• ITU receptive to Regions 2 and 3 supporting
  Region 1 for a 433 MHz allocation for freight
  containers
• Chairman of ISO TC 104 (Freight containers) has
  made request to ITU and WCO to embrace both
  passive (860 - 960) and active (433.92 MHz)
  calling out 18000-6 and 18000-7
• Approved in Korea
• Approval expected in Japan (Q1 06)
• Received support through new (April 2004) FCC
  rules, specific to RFID, that increases both
  power and duty cycle.
• China regulations published on 1 October 2005
  including 434 MHz for RFID

88
Recommendations

• Commence the development of industry standards
  using ISO 1736x as model
• ISO 17363 - Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Freight containers
• ISO 17364 - Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Returnable transport items
• ISO 17365 - Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Transport units
• ISO 17366 - Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Product packaging
• ISO 17367 - Supply chain applications of RFID -
  Product tagging
• Use common air interface, syntax, and semantics
• Data structures can follow existing suite of
  industry bar code standards (plus unique
  identification)

89
How far, how fast, how many, how much, attached
to what?
90
U.S. Standards
91
U.S. Standards Efforts . . .

• AIM
• RFID Experts Group (REG) (see later slides)
• RFID Emblem (05)
• AIM Global Standard UHF RFID for Food Animal
  Identification (05)
• U.S. TAG to JTC 1/SC 31
• ASC MH 10/SC 8
• ANS MH10.8.1 (00) - Linear Bar Code and
  Two-Dimensional Symbols Used in Shipping,
  Receiving, and Transport Applications
• ANS MH10.8.2 (02) - Data Identifier and
  Application Identifier Standard
• ANS MH10.8.3 (02) - Syntax for high capacity ADC
  media
• ANS MH10.8.4 (02) - Radio frequency
  identification (RFID) tags for returnable
  containers
• BSR MH10.8.8 - Radio frequency identification
  (RFID) for packages, parcels, and flat mail
• BSR MH10.8.9 - Product identification using
  technologies other than optically readable media
• BSR MH10.8.10 - RFID for product packaging
• ATIS BCSC
• RFID guideline development for the telecom
  industry meeting 3 May 2005

92
. . . U.S. Standards Efforts

• Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG)
• AIAG ARF-1 (91) - Application standard for RFID
  devices in the automotive industry
• AIAG B-11 (02) - Tire and wheel identification
  label standard
• AIAG RF returnable containers working group
• CEA/JEDEC
• RFID discovery meeting, 29 June 2005
• CompTIA
• RFID Professional Skills Certification SME
  Meetings, 31 May, 1-2 June 2005
• INCITS T6
• ANS/INCITS 256 (01) - Radio frequency
  identification (RFID)
• INCITS T20
• ANS/INCITS 371.1 (03) - Real time locating
  systems (RTLS) - 2450 MHz
• ANS/INCITS 371.2 (03) - Real time locating
  systems (RTLS) - 433 MHz
• ANS/INCITS 371.3 (03) - Real time locating
  systems (RTLS) - Application Program Interface

93
AIAG B-11 Tire Tag

• ANSI INCITS 256 (T6) and ISO/IEC 18000, Part 4
  Part 6 compliant
• 902 - 928 MHz for U.S. / 869 MHz for Europe
• 2450 MHz for Japan
• Molded into tire, applied with adhesive, or
  label
• 1024 bits
• ISO 15418/MH10.8.2 Data Identifiers
• Successfully demonstrated in the U.S. the E.U.

• 18000, Part 6c with User Memory
• Molded into tire, applied with adhesive, or label
• 2048 bits
• EPC as UII MB01
• ASC MH10 DIs for OEM data MB11
• User Memory ISO/IEC 15961/15962 compliant