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Circulatory System Study

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Circulatory System Study. Introduction to HSTE. Objectives. Label the layers, ... Describe at least 8 circulatory diseases with their cause, symptoms, and treatments ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Circulatory System Study


1
Circulatory System Study
  • Introduction to HSTE

2
Objectives
  • Label the layers, chambers, valves, and major
    blood vessels on a diagram of the heart
  • Differentiate between systole and diastole by
    explaining what happens in the heart during each
  • List major types of blood vessels and their
    functions
  • List the major types of blood cells and their
    function

3
Objectives (Continued)
  • Name the 4 main types of blood
  • Trace a drop of blood from any part of the body,
    through the heart, lungs, heart, and back to
    body
  • Describe at least 8 circulatory diseases with
    their cause, symptoms, and treatments

4
Major parts of heart
  • Three layers endocardium myocardium
    pericardium
  • Four valves
  • Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral (bicuspid) and
    aortic
  • Four chambers right and left atria and right and
    left ventricles
  • Septum
  • Major arteries aorta pulmonary artery
  • Major veins inferior superior vena cava and
    pulmonary veins

5
Heart Circulation Flow
  • A drop of blood leaves kidney goes through
    inferior vena cava to right atrium through
    tricuspid valve to right ventricle to pulmonic
    valve to pulmonary artery to lungs to get O2 and
    rid CO2

6
Circulation continues
  • From lungs through pulmonary veins into left
    atrium through mitral valve into left ventricle
    through aortic valve into aorta and to all parts
    of the body

7
http//www.medtropolis.com/vbody.asp
8
You fill in blanks
  • A drop of blood leaves brain through ______ ___
    ____ enters into _____ atrium through _______
    valve into right _______ through _________ valve
    into _________ artery to lungs through pulmonary
    _____ into left _______ through mitral ______
    into _____ ventricle through _______ valve into
    ________ and to all parts of the body.

9
Blood Pressure
  • Systole the upper number of BP when the heart is
    contracting and the greatest force of pressure on
    walls of arteries
  • Diastole lower BP when heart is resting and
    least pressure on walls of arteries

10
Blood Vessels
  • Arteries Away
  • Capillaries Connect
  • Veins Visits
  • Arterioles
  • Venules
  • Mention types of bleeding from each

11
Blood
  • Types A, B, AB,O
  • Rh factor or -
  • Components plasma, hormones, cells, nutrients,
    mineral salts and electrolytes, gases, enzymes,
    cells
  • 4 to 6 quarts

12
Blood Cells
  • Erythrocytes red blood cells (RBC) carry O2 to
    the cells
  • Leukocytes white blood cells (WBC) warrior cells
    that fight infection
  • Thrombocytes platelets that clot blood

13
(No Transcript)
14
Anemia
  • Definition Inadequate number of red blood cells,
    hemoglobin, or both
  • Types Iron deficiency, Low volume, Pernicious,
    Aplastic, Sickle cell
  • Symptoms pallor (paleness), fatigue, difficult
    breathing, rapid heart rate
  • Treatment depends on type.

15
Treatment for Anemias
  • Low volume (hemorrhage) blood transfusions
  • Iron deficiency iron supplements increase iron
    intake in foods
  • Aplastic bone marrow transplants
  • Pernicious Vitamin B12 injections
  • Sickle cell transfusions of packed cells,
    supportive therapy, genetic counseling not to
    have children

16
Aneurysm
  • Description ballooning out of an artery wall
  • Causes diseases, congenital defects, and
    injuries
  • Symptoms worst headache youve ever had or
    severe back pain or no pain at all.
  • Common sites cerebral, aortal, abdominal
  • Treatment Surgery plastic grafts

17
Arteriosclerosis
  • Description hardening or thickening of arterial
    walls causing loss of elasticity
  • Causes aging
  • Leads to high blood pressure, cerebral hemorrhage
    or aneurysm

18
Atherosclerosis
  • Description Fatty plaques on walls of arteries
  • Causes high cholesterol
  • Prevention low-cholesterol diet, exercise
  • Treatment angioplasty, coronary atherectomy,
    coronary stent

19
Congestive Heart Failure
  • Description condition where the heart muscles do
    not beat adequately to supply the blood needs of
    the body.
  • Symptoms swelling (edema) difficulty breathing,
    paleness or blueness, distended neck veins, pink
    and frothy sputum
  • Treatment cardiac drugs like digitalis,
    diuretics, elastic hose, O2, bedrest, low Na diet

20
Embolus
  • Description foreign substance circulating in the
    bloodstream. Could be air, blood clot, fat, or
    other things. Causes problems when it stops in
    potent spot.
  • Causes injury or disease that causes clots
  • Treatment surgery such as strainers or removal
    of blocked area

21
Hemophilia
  • Description inherited disease almost exclusively
    in males, but carried by females
  • Cause lack of plasma protein that causes blood
    to clot
  • Symptoms prolonged bleeding from even minor
    bumps
  • Treatment transfuse whole blood, or plasma, or
    the missing protein factor

22
Hypertension
  • Description high blood pressure, usually greater
    than 140/90 in adults
  • Risk factors family history, race, obesity,
    stress, smoking, aging, high fat diet
  • Symptoms headaches, blurred vision, or no
    symptoms at all
  • Treatment antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, low
    sodium diet, no smoking, limit stress

23
Leukemia
  • Description malignant disease of the bone marrow
    or lymph tissue resulting in a high number of
    white blood cells
  • Symptoms fever, pallor, swelling of lymph nodes,
    fatigue, anemia, bleeding gums, excessive
    bruising, joint pain
  • Treatment chemotherapy, radiation, bone marrow
    transplant

24
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
  • Description Blockage in coronary arteries which
    cuts off blood supply to heart muscle itself.
    The heart muscle affected dies.
  • Symptoms severe crushing pain that radiates to
    arm, neck, and jaw pressure in chest squeezing
    in chest cold, clammy skin nausea, difficulty
    breathing

25
MI (continued)
  • Treatment immediate medical help clot busting
    drugs, CBR, O2, anticoagulants, control
    arrhythmias, be prepared to do CPR
  • Prevention /or long term care control BP, ? low
    chol, ?fat diet, avoid stress and tobacco,
    regular exercise, wt control

26
Phlebitis
  • Description inflammation of vein, most often in
    leg
  • Symptoms pain, edema, redness, discoloration at
    site
  • Treatment Anticoagulants, pain medication, ? of
    affected area, support hose, sometimes surgery if
    caused by clot

27
Varicose Veins
  • Description dilated, swollen veins that have
    lost elasticity and causes decrease blood flow
    back toward heart
  • Causes pregnancy, prolonged sitting or standing,
    heredity
  • Treatment exercise, support hose, avoid
    prolonged sitting or standing or tight clothing
    sometimes surgery to remove veins

28
Rheumatic Heart Disease
  • Cause Streptococcal infection that goes to
    heart. Begins with rheumatic fever which then
    goes to heart.
  • Sx of strep throat swollen glands, sudden sore
    throat, pain when swallowing, fever, headache.

29
Rheumatic Heart Disease
  • Sx of rheumatic fever rapid rise in temperature,
    followed by severe arthritis, heart infection,
    skin rash, brain disturbance causing rapid and
    jerky movements
  • Rheumatic fever damages heart valves which allows
    blood to flow backward, leading to heart murmurs,
    swelling of heart, lack of energy and heart
    failure
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