From Grids towards Service Oriented Knowledge Utilities

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From Grids towardsService Oriented Knowledge
Utilities

• David De Roure
• University of Southampton, UK
• Next Generation Grids Experts Group

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Next Generation Grids Reports
NGG3 2005 Future for European Grids GRIDs
and Service Oriented Knowledge
Utilities Vision and Research Directions 2010
and Beyond
Main source of inspiration for FP6 Grid Research
and beyond
NGG2 2004 Requirementsand Optionsfor
European Grids Research 2005-2010 and Beyond
NGG1 2003 European Grid Research2005 2010
http//www.cordis.lu/ist/grids
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Next Generation Grids Report 2003 Vision
NGG1
Next Generation Grid(s) - European Grid Research
2005 - 2010, June 2003
Simplification
Abstraction
NextGenerationGrids

• End-user empowerment
• Life-support to business processes

Software Vision
End-User Vision

• Continuously changing requirements
• Grid services development environments

Architectural Vision

• Societal behaviour (millions of self-organising
  nodes)
• Computational semantics, ontologies,
  meta-descriptions
• Pervasive virtual organisations

Virtualisation
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Next Generation Grids Report 2003Identified
Research Themes
NGG1
Properties
Open Reliable ScalablePersistent
TransparentPerson-centric Pervasive Secure /
trusted Standards-based
Research Themes
NextGenerationGrid(s)
Virtual Organisation Systems Management
Co-ord. and orchestrationInformation
representation
User Interface Grid Economies Business models
Models
Facilities
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Grid Research Projects under FP6
international cooperation
supporting the Grid community
EU Funding 130 M
Grid services, business models
trust, security
BeinGrid business experiments
platforms, user environments
data, knowledge, semantics
XtreemOS Linux based Grid operating system
Wave 2 start 2006
Integrated project
Network of excellence
Specific targeted research project
Specific support action
Wave 1 start 2004

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Next Generation Grids Report 2004
NGG2
Next Generation Grids 2 Requirements and
Options for European Grids Research 20052010 and
beyond, August 2004
Crisis Management Pro-active PDA
Driving Scenarios
Network- Centric (Grid) Operating Systems
Mobile and Embedded Grids
Mastering Grid Complexity
Research Topics
NGG1 vision and research challenges
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Network-Centric Operating Systems
NGG2
The computing and knowledge capabilities of the
Information Society are escaping from the
bottle to pervade our everyday lives. Grids
will orchestrate this immense power in the same
way that Operating Systems did in the past 30
years for the capabilities in-the-box


Dynamic
Abstraction
Mobile
Virtualisation
Heterogeneous
Self-
Simplification
Pervasive
enabling scalable, dynamic, cross-domain
Virtual Organizations
Trade-offs to ensure interoperability,
scalability, performance, security, QoS, easy of
use-program-install-configure-upgrade, decreasing
TCO,
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NESSI
www.nessi-europe.com

• Networked European Software and Services
  Initiative, launched September 2005
• Industry-led Technology Platform

Atos Origin, British Telecom, Engineering
Ingegneria Informatica, HP, IBM, Nokia,
ObjectWeb, SAP, Siemens, Software AG, Telecom
Italia, Telefónica, Thales

• Provides unified view for European research in
  Services Architectures and Software
  Infrastructures
• Supports the transformation of the European
  economy into a knowledge-based economy

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Service-Oriented Knowledge Utility (SOKU)
Next Generation Grids Report 2005
NGG3
Future for European Grids GRIDs and Service
Oriented Knowledge Utilities Vision and
Research Directions 2010 and Beyond, December 2006
A flexible, powerful and cost-efficient way of
building, operating and evolving IT intensive
solutions for business, science and society.

• Building on existing industry practices and
  emerging technologies
• Support ecosystems that promote collaboration
  and self-organisation
• Towards increased agility, lower cost, broader
  availability of services
• Empowering service providers, integrators and
  consumers of ICT
• (R)evolution of concepts from Web, Grid
  Knowledge technologies
• Safe, ease and ubiquitous as existing utilities
  like electricity or water

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Service-Oriented Knowledge Utility
NGG3
The architecture comprises services which may be
instantiated and assembled dynamically, hence the
structure, behaviour and location of software is
changing at run-time
A utility is a directly and immediately useable
service with established functionality,
performance and dependability, illustrating the
emphasis on user needs and issues such as trust
Services are knowledge-assisted (semantic) to
facilitate automation and advanced functionality,
the knowledge aspect reinforced by the emphasis
on delivering high level services to the user
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What is a SOKU service?

• SOKU services are semantically described, i.e.
  annotated with machine-processable metadata which
  facilitates their automated use.
• Can be dynamically composed and configured
• Adapt automatically, providing self-management
  and autonomic behaviour

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What is a SOKU service?

• SOKU services also work with semantically
  described content and semantic descriptions, i.e.
  they process knowledge
• may contain and use it, consume it, or produce it

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Service-Oriented Knowledge Utility
NGG3
The primary difference to earlier approaches is a
switch from a prescribed layered view to a
multi-dimensional mesh of concepts, applying the
same mechanisms along each dimension across the
traditional layers.
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Web and Web Services
NGG3
Methodologies
Service Oriented Architecture
Grid
Stateful Service Utility
Agent Technologies
Autonomic Stateful Service Utility
Semantics
Societal Autonomic Stateful Service Utility
Heuristics
Knowledge-aware Societal Autonomic Stateful
Service Utility
Formal Languages
Reliable Knowledge-aware Societal Autonomic
Stateful Service Utility SOKU
Next Generation Grids and SOKU
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The Semantic Web layer cake
User Interface and Applications
Trust
Attribution
Proof
Explanation
Rules
OWL
SPARQL(queries)
Ontologies Inference
RDF Schema
RDF
Metadata
XML Namespaces
Standard syntax
URI
Unicode
Identity
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S-OGSA Semantic Bindings
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Semantics in middleware S-OGSA
Application 1
Application N
Optimization
Security
Data
OGSA
Execution Management
Semantic-OGSA
Semantic Services
Resource management
Information Management
Infrastructure Services
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Semantics in middleware S-OGSA
Application 1
Application N
Optimization
Security
Data
OGSA
Execution Management
Semantic-OGSA
Semantic Services
Resource management
Information Management
Infrastructure Services
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Semantics Inside
NGG3
semantic descriptions of services

• Service Oriented Knowledge Utility

semanticallydescribed content and personalisation
dependable systems
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Scenarios
NGG3

• Enterprise
• illustrates the power of the virtualisation and
  interoperability provided by Grids and SOKU
  within the enterprise context
• End-user
• shows the role of Grid in delivering public
  information services (knowledge utilities)
  which respect ownership and privacy issues
• Manufacturing/Industrial
• shows how these approaches benefit collaborative
  processes within industry

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The Research Challenges
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Next Generation Grids Report 2005
NGG3
Future for European Grids GRIDs and Service
Oriented Knowledge Utilities Vision and
Research Directions 2010 and Beyond, December 2006
End-User Business/Enterprise Manufacturing/Indu
strial
Driving Scenarios
Service-Oriented Knowledge Utility
Human Factors and Societal Issues
Pervasiveness Context Awareness
Research Topics
Adaptability Scalability Dependability
Semantic Technologies
Lifecycle Management
Trust and Security in VOs
Raising the Level of Abstraction
NGG1NGG2 vision and research challenges
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NGG3 Conclusion

• The confluence of Next Generation Grids and SOKU
  will shape the future of Grid research in Europe
• It extends the Grid vision to cover a broader
  range of applications and thus a wider impact on
  economy
• It gives more challenges to researchers to
  realise this vision
• Research will be driven by the development of
  novel applications

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Service-Oriented Knowledge Utility
NGG3
A flexible, powerful and cost-efficient way of
building, operating and evolving IT intensive
solutions for business, science and society
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Acknowledgements
NGG3
More information
www.cordis.lu/ist/grids/
dder_at_ecs.soton.ac.uk www.semanticgrid.org
Wolfgang Boch and Unit F2 Grid Technologies DG
INFSO Keith Jeffery (NGG3 Chairman) All NGG3
experts Franco Accordino and Thierry Priol
(slides)
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Next Generation Grids Expert Group 2005
J.-P. Banatre S. Campadello M. Danelutto S. De
Panfilis D. De Roure S. Druais
J. Easton M. Fehse D. Fensel I. Fikouras M.
Fisher A. Fuggetta
W. Gerteis C. Goble Y. Guo J. Hierro K.
Jeffery T. Kielmann
D. Laforenza P. McCallum B. Neidecker-Lutz T.
Priol A. Reinefeld A. Reute
M. Riguidel H. Saikkonen J. Sairamesh D.
Snelling C. Thole T.A. Varvarigou W. Waterfeld
NGG3
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Lifecycle Management
NGG3

• On-the-fly service creation and deployment
• Robust, efficient and semantically aware
  discovery of services
• Composition of services
• Management of functional and non-functional
  properties and requirements
• Support for multiple economy models for the grid

Lifecycle Management
Research Topic 1
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Trust and Security in VOs
NGG3

• Ad hoc and managed virtual organisations of
  digital and physical entities
• Policy and business practice
• Service-level agreements
• Authentication and authorisation in a
  multi-domain environment in which entities have
  multiple identities and multiple roles

Trust and Security in VOs
Lifecycle Management
Research Topic 2
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Adaptability, Scalability, Dependability
NGG3

• Self- systems
• self-managing, self-optimising, self-configuring,
  self-healing, self-protecting, self-organising
• autonomic systems
• Peer-to-peer
• Scalability

Trust and Security in VOs
Lifecycle Management
Adaptability Scalability Dependability
Research Topic 3
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Raising the Level of Abstraction
NGG3

• Higher level programming models and tools
• New or improved management abstractions
• Better operating systems capable of managing more
  complex resources and requirements from
  application, service and system contexts
• Abstract/virtual service containers
• Compact data formats

Trust and Security in VOs
Lifecycle Management
Adaptability Scalability Dependability
Raising the Level of Abstraction
Research Topic 4
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Pervasiveness and Context Awareness
NGG3

• High-level interoperability, smooth composition
  and automatic self-organisation of software with
  structure and behaviour changing at run-time
• Non-functional requirements related to
  interoperability, heterogeneity, mobility, and
  adaptability

Trust and Security in VOs
Lifecycle Management
Adaptability Scalability Dependability
Pervasiveness Context Awareness
Raising the Level of Abstraction
Research Topic 5
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Semantic Technologies
NGG3

• Mechanisation of composition
• Scalable reasoning and formalisation
• Heterogeneous and dynamic semantic descriptions
• Lifecycle of knowledge
• Collaboration and sharing

Trust and Security in VOs
Lifecycle Management
Adaptability Scalability Dependability
Pervasiveness Context Awareness
Raising the Level of Abstraction
Semantic Technologies
Research Topic 6
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Human Factors and Societal Issues
NGG3

• User requirements and evaluation
• Intersection between the physical world and the
  digital
• Personalisation techniques
• Issues of collaboration and community
• Socio-economic aspects

Trust and Security in VOs
Lifecycle Management
Adaptability Scalability Dependability
Pervasiveness Context Awareness
Raising the Level of Abstraction
Human Factors and Societal Issues
Semantic Technologies
Research Topic 7