Week 2 Topic 1 Benefits and Risks Associated with Exercise

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Week 2 Topic 1Benefits and Risks Associated with
Exercise

• Prof. Warren Payne

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Public Health Perspective

• Surgeon Generals Report (1996)
• Statements
• Dose Response Relationship

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Definitions

• Physical Activity
• Bodily movement resulting in energy expenditure
• Exercise
• Part of Physical Activity
• Planned Physical Activity to improve or maintain
  physical fitness
• Physical Fitness
• Attributes related to ability to perform physical
  activity

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Benefits of Regular Physical Activity /or
Exercise

• Physical Activity Lifestyle and Moderate to High
  Physical Fitness Independently lower risk of
  many chronic diseases.
• Inverse Dose Response Relationship for Physical
  Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Strongest
  for all-cause mortality

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Risks Associated with Exercise Testing

• General
• 170,000 Exercise Stress Tests
• 73 Medical Centres
• Mortality Rate 1 Death/10,000 tests (0.01)
• Combined Mortality/Morbidity 4/10,000 tests
  (0.04)

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Risks Associated with Exercise Testing

• Non-Physician Testing
• 58,047 tests (many high risk)
• 14 complications
• 1/4146 Exercise tests (2 fatal)
• Conclusion
• Incidence of CV events was no higher in
  non-physician than physician supervised tests

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Risks Associated with Exercise Testing

• Submaximal Tests
• No reported problematic tests
• Use of appropriate screening
• Acknowledge limitations

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Risks Associated with Vigorous Exercise

• Background
• Pathophysiologic evidence of increased risk
• Cause Plaque rupture/Acute coronary rupture

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Risks Associated with Vigorous Exercise

• Evidence
• 1 jogging death/7,620 joggers
• 1 death/396,000 jogging hours (x7 increase in
  death rate from sedentary activities)
• CVD patients x100 increase in cardiac event risk
  than spontaneous

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Risks Associated with Vigorous Exercise

• Evidence
• ?? Is related to whether overall risk is
  decreased.
• Much higher risk (x56) in sedentary than habitual
  (x5)
• Overall risk of exercising habituated men only
  40 of sedentary

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Incidence of Cardiovascular Complications

• Absence of CV pathology
• YMCA 1death / cardiac arrest/ 2,897,057
  2,253,267 person hours of exercising,
  respectively.

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Incidence of Cardiovascular Complications

• Issues regarding exercise related CV
  complications
• Clinical Status
• Exercise Training Participation
• Exercise Test Data
• Other Smoking, Male.