Confucianism

1
Confucianism

• 5 Principle Relationships

2
Legalism

• Legalism was adopted during the Qin dynasty by
  the Emperor Shih Hwangdi as Confucianism is
  rejected.
  
• Confucianism is later reinstituted during the Han
  dynasty
  
• Not only does Confucianism prompt superior men
  within the governmental structure, during the Han
  dynasty a system of merit is adopted and the
  institution of the scholarly gentry is created
• Men from landowning families were selected to be
  trained and then tested to work within the
  government
  
• Legalism proposed that humans are evil by nature.
  
  
• The only way to make people follow the correct
  path is by harsh impersonal laws and stiff
  punishments.
  
• Legalists did not believe that government by
  superior men could solve societys problems as
  do the proponets of Confucianism
  

3
Hinduism vs. Buddhism

• Hinduism teaches that ones role in life is
  defined by ones birth into a certain class, or
  caste. (varna)
  
• Hinduism (karma, dharma)
• Buddhism rejects the Hindu division of human
  beings into rigidly defined castes.
  
• Instead, Buddhism teaches that all human beings
  can reach nirvana, or ultimate reality, as a
  result of their behavior in this life.
  
• Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path
• Divided into Mauyana and Therevada
• Buddhism also differs from Hinduism in its
  simplicity. Hindus worship a multitude of gods,
  whereas Buddhists are forbidden from worshipping
  any god, even Buddha himself.
• For this reason, many consider Buddhism to be
  more of a philosophy than a religion.
  
• Buddha believed that our thoughts create our
  reality. He believed that the physical
  surroundings of humans were simply illusions and
  that sorrow and suffering were the result of an
  attachment to the things of the world. By
  practicing right mindfulness, as taught in the
  Eightfold Path, we keep our minds in control of
  our senses.

4
Daoism

• Nature or the flow of the universe
• Three Jewels
• compassion, moderation, and humility
• Yin and Yang
• Nonaction
• Yielding and harmonious
• Placing ones life in harmony with nature
• Pu is simplicity or without illusion

5
Buddhism

• Karma is the force generated by a persons
  actions that determines how that soul will be
  born into the next life.
  
• The present life is a reflection of ones actions
  in the previous life.
  
• What people do in their current life determines
  what their next life will be.
  
• Dharma
• Right way of life
• The better you live the more likely you can reach
  liberation or Nirvana
  

6
Duty and Humanity

• Confucius believed that duty is expressed in the
  form of a work ethic, in which individuals
  working hard to fulfill their duties enable
  society as a whole to prosper.
• He also believed that rulers have a duty to set a
  good example, following a kingly way to gain
  the respect of their people. If rulers have this
  respect, their societies will prosper.
• Confucius also held that humanity is a sense of
  compassion and empathy for others.
  
• One should not do to others what one does not
  want done to oneself.
  

7
The Five Basic Relationships

• According to Confucius, each person had a
  specific place in society and certain duties to
  fulfill. Confucius hoped that if people knew what
  was expected of them they would behave correctly.
  Therefore, he set up five principal relationships
  in which most people are involved.
• These relationships were
• (1) ruler and subject
• (2) father and son
• (3) elder brother and younger brother
• (4) husband and wife and
• (5) friend and friend.
• All, except the last, involve the authority of
  one person over another. Power and the right to
  rule belong to superiors over subordinates that
  is, to older people over younger people, to men
  over women.
• Each person has to give obedience and respect to
  "superiors" the subject to his ruler, the wife
  to her husband, the son to his parents, and the
  younger brother to the older brother. The
  "superior," however, owes loving responsibility
  to the inferior.

8
Buddhism

• Four Noble Truths
• Suffering exists
• Suffering arises from attachment to desires
• Suffering ceases when attachment to desire ceases
  
  
• Freedom from suffering is possible by practicing
  the Eightfold Path
  

9
Eightfold Path

• Wisdom (panna) Right View
• Right Thought
• Morality (sila) Right Speech
• Right Action
• Right Livelihood
• Meditation (samadhi) Right Effort
• Right Mindfulness
• Right Contemplation

10
Islam, Christianity and Judaism

• Ethical Monotheism
• Abraham

11
Roman Catholic

• Paul of Tarsus built the structure of the church
• Constantine adopted Christianity for himself
• Theodosious adopted Christianity as the official
  religion of the Roman people
  
• Edict of Milan proclaims religious tolerance and
  allowed the practice of Christianity to flourish
  without prosecution
  
• Council of Nicea established the doctrines of the
  church
  
• Pope

12
Infrastructure of Roman Catholic Church

• pope (cardinal with the curia)
  l leader of
  the western church
  
• Bishop
• managed a diocese administered the
  sacraments confirmation
  and ordination
  appointed and removed parish
  priests managed
  church property
• archbishop
• had all the powers of a bishop had some authority
  over bishops and other dioceses in theprovince
  
• parish priest
• conducted church services administered all the
  sacraments except confirmation and ordination
  supervised moral and religious instruction and
  moral life of the community

13
Spread and schisms of Buddhism
14
Learned travelers and leaders spread culture

• Who was Ibn Sina and what were his works?
• Ibn-Rushd?
• Ibn-Khaldun?
• Ibn Battuta?
• Mansu Masa?
• Harun al Rashd?