Breastfeeding

1
Breastfeeding

• MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing

2
Background

• Breastmilk alone contains all the nutrients,
  antibodies, hormones and antioxidants an infant
  needs to thrive.
• Breastmilk protects babies from diarrhea and
  acute respiratory infections, stimulates their
  immune systems and response to vaccination, and,
  according to some studies, confers cognitive
  benefits as well.
• Continued breastfeeding to two years, accompanied
  by appropriate complementary feeding, maintains
  good nutritional status and continues to help
  prevent diarrhea.

3
International Goals Targets
To protect, promote and support exclusive
breastfeeding for 6 months and continued
breastfeeding with safe, appropriate and adequate
complementary feeding up to 2 years of age and
beyond
4
Background

• WHO/UNICEF Feeding Recommendations
• Exclusive breastfeeding for first six months
• Continued breastfeeding for two years or more
  
• Safe, appropriate and adequate complementary
• foods beginning at 6 months
• Frequency of complementary feeding 2 times
• per day for 6-8 month olds 3 times per day for
• 9-11 month olds

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Background

• Recommended Breastfeeding Patterns

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List of Indicators

• Exclusive breastfeeding rate (lt 6 mos. lt 4
  mos.)
• Timely complementary feeding rate (6-9 mos.)
• Continued breastfeeding rate (12-15 20-23
  mos.)
• Timely initiation of breastfeeding (within 1
  hour of birth)
• Frequency of complementary feeding (6-11 mos.)
• Adequately fed infants (0-11 mos.)

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Definition of Indicator

• Exclusive Breastfeeding (lt 6 months)
• Percentage of infants exclusively breastfed for
• the first six (or four) months of life

Numerator Number of infants aged 0-5 (or 0-3)
months exclusively breastfed Denominator
Number of infants aged 0-5 (or 0-3) months
surveyed
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Methodological Issues

• Current status approach is used to calculate
• indicators asks about feeding status within
• 24 hours of the survey. Caretakers asked the
• following for each child under five
• - Whether child was ever and is currently
  breastfed
• - What liquids or foods child was fed in
  preceding 24 hours
• - How many times child was given non-liquid
  foods in 24 hours prior
• to interview
• Precision of indicators poor - Numbers of
  children in
• age ranges of interest (lt 4 mos., lt 6 mos. ,
  6-9
• mos., 12-15 mos., 20-23 mos.) are likely to be
• small precision of indicators lower than
  others

9
Methodological Issues

• Exclusive breastfeeding refers to infants who
• receive only breastmilk, or breastmilk and
• vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine

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Tabulation Plan
Table NU.3 Breastfeeding
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Regional Exclusive BF
12
Exclusive BF (ROSA)
13
Exclusive BF (WCARO)

• infants
• exclusively
• breastfed
• for the
• first 6 months
• of life

14
Exclusive BF (TACRO)

• infants
• exclusively
• breastfed
• for the
• first 6 months
• of life

15
Exclusive BF (EAPRO)

• infants
• exclusively
• breastfed
• for the
• first 6 months
• of life

16
Exclusive BF (ESARO)

• infants
• exclusively
• breastfed
• for the
• first 6 months
• of life

17
Exclusive BF (CEE/CIS)

• infants
• exclusively
• breastfed
• for the
• first 6 months
• of life

18
Exclusive BF (MENA)

• infants
• exclusively
• breastfed
• for the
• first 6 months
• of life

19
Definition of Indicator

• Timely Complementary Feeding (6-9 mos.)
• Percentage of infants aged 6-9 months that are
• receiving breastmilk and complementary food

Numerator Number of infants aged 6-9 months
that are receiving breastmilk and complementary
food Denominator Number of infants aged 6-9
months surveyed
20
Methodological Issues

• Complementary feeding refers to children who
• receive breastmilk and solid or semi-solid food

21
Regional Complementary Feeding Coverage
22
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (CEE/CIS)

• infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
  complementary food

23
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (EAPRO)

• infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
  complementary food

24
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (WCARO)

• infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
  complementary food

25
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (ESARO)

• infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
  complementary food

26
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (TACRO)

• infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
  complementary food

27
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (MENA)

• infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
  complementary food

28
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (ROSA)

• infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
  complementary food

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Definition of Indicator

• Continued Breastfeeding (12-15 20-23 mos.)
• Percentage of infants aged 12-15 and 20-23
• months who are currently breastfeeding

Numerator Number of infants aged 12-15 or 20-23
months who are currently breastfeeding Denomina
tor Number of infants aged 12-15 or 20-23
months surveyed
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Regional Continued BF Coverage
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Continued breastfeeding (CEE/CIS)

• infants
• still
• breastfeeding
• (20-23 months)

32
Continued breastfeeding (ESARO)

• infants
• still
• breastfeeding
• (20-23 months)

33
Continued breastfeeding (WCARO)

• infants
• still
• breastfeeding
• (20-23 months)

34
Continued breastfeeding (EAPRO)

• infants
• still
• breastfeeding
• (20-23 months)

35
Continued breastfeeding (ROSA)

• infants
• still
• breastfeeding
• (20-23 months)

36
Continued breastfeeding (MENA)

• infants
• still
• breastfeeding
• (20-23 months)

37
Continued breastfeeding (TACRO)

• infants
• still
• breastfeeding
• (20-23 months)

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Definition of Indicator

• Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding
• (within 1 hour of birth)
• Percentage of women that initiated
• breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth

Numerator Number of women with a live birth in
the 2 years prior to the survey that put the
newborn infant to the breast within one hour of
birth Denominator Number of women surveyed
with a live birth in the 2 years prior to the
survey
39
Methodological Issues

• Initial breastfeeding (within 1 hour of birth)
  has
• a denominator of women surveyed having a live
• birth within the 2 years prior to the survey

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Tabulation Plan
Table NU.2 Initial Breastfeeding
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Definition of Indicator

• Frequency of Complementary Feeding
• (6-11 mos)
• Percentage of infants aged 6-11 months receiving
• breastmilk and complementary feeding at least the
  
• recommended number of times per day

Numerator Number of infants aged 6-11 months
receiving breastmilk and complementary feeding
at least the recommended number of times per day
(2 times per day for infants aged 6-8 mos. 3
times for those 9-11 mos.) Denominator
Number of infants aged 6-11 months surveyed
42
Definition of Indicator

• Adequately Fed Infants (0-11 mos.)
• Percentage of infants aged 0-11 months that are
  appropriately fed

Numerator Number of infants aged 0-11 months
that are appropriately fed infants aged 0-5
months that are exclusively breastfed and
infants aged 6-11 months that are breastfed and
ate solid or semi-solid foods the appropriate
number of times yesterday Denominator Number
of infants aged 0-11 months surveyed
43
Tabulation Plan
Table NU.4 Adequately Fed Infants
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Infant Feeding Patterns
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Infant Feeding Patterns
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Infant Feeding Patterns
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Infant Feeding Patterns
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Tabulation Plan
Table NU.3W Infant Feeding Patterns by Age