Introduction to CBT

1
Introduction to CBT

• Previously require programming skills and
  knowledge of subject
• Now easier to develop providing a wide variety of
  of situations
• Range from CBT to CAL
• CBT focused entirely on the computer
• CAL uses the computer as an extension or in
  parallel to existing teaching methods

2
Instructional Systems Design Process for
designing training i.e CBT, WBT

• The process
• comprehensive needs analysis
• user analysis
• design document (flowcharts, storyboards,evaluatio
  n)
• application prototype
• usability testing
• effectiveness evaluation

3
Models of Instruction

• Generally includes 4 phases
• Presenting (instructor centred)
• instructor presents information to student
• Guiding (more interactive)
• instructor guides student towards understanding
• Practising (student centred)
• student practices in order to retain it
• Assessing
• student demonstrates understanding (i.e. test)

4
Instructional methodologies

• Five major types
• Each provide one or more of the 4 phases
• Tutorials (provide first 2 phases)
• Drills (provide 3rd phase)
• Simulations (may include all phases)
• Games (provide 3rd phase)
• Tests (provide 1st and 4th phases)

5
Tutorials

• Appropriate for presenting factual information,
  learning rules or principles, learning problem
  solving strategies (used to provide first two
  phases)
• Information is presented to the student
• The student is questioned about the information
• A response is requested
• The response is judged or evaluated
• Feedback or mediation is given

6
General structure of tutorial
Present information
Question and response
Introductory section
Feedback or remedial response
Judge response
Closing
7
Drills

• Used primarily for practising
• Particularly important when learning information
  in which fluency is required
• i.e. basic skills, foreign languages, spelling,
  usage and vocabulary

8
General structure of Drills
Select item
Question and response
Introductory section
Closing
Judge response
Feedback
9
Simulations

• Learns by performing activities similar to real
  world (used for any of the four phases)
• Useful when learning to use complicated,
  difficult to obtain, expensive machines or pieces
  of equipment, also better for dangerous
  activities
• Advantages are they increase motivation, safe,
  convenient, controllable, cost, time, and are
  repeatable.

10
General structure of Simulation and Games
Present scenario
Action required
Introductory section
Closing
Student acts
System updates
11
Games

• Purpose of both simulations and games is to
  provide an environment that facilitates learning
  or acquisition of skills.
• Games however may or may not mimic reality.
• Advantage - fun to use, and if student is
  learning at the same time lessons are well learned

12
Tests

• Designed to do two things
• quiz students on their knowledge of the material
• let them know which questions were missed and
  what the correct answers were (can see score
  immediately).

13
Benefits

• Can be taken at any time
• It can be taken anywhere
• Reduced learning time
• Educational consistency
• Refresher training
• Job-aid component
• Learner retention

• Effective use of resources
• No pressure
• No favouritism
• Cheaper
• More effective

14
Disadvantages

• Poorly designed or implemented CBT
• Access to an appropriate computer, and possibly
  the Internet
• Level of computer literacy - resistance
• Isolation
• Unrealistic expectations - can try different
  responses without penalty - may not understand
  underlying concepts
• Confusion or boredom - poor system layout
• Possible rigidity - adaptability to individual
  needs

15
Development Procedure

• Outline the content of the course
• Lay out a map of the CBT
• Write a treatment of the course
• Select learner activites
• Story-board how it will look
• Produce and multimedia effects
• Author CBT
• Evaluate course

16
CBT Authoring Tools

• In excess of 200 development tools
• Top four
• Authorware
• Icon Author
• Quest
• Toolbook
• All mature versions aimed at the serious
  applications developer

17
The future

• Artificial Intelligence allows more flexible and
  adaptable CBT to be developed which can more
  accurately assess and address the needs of the
  student
• With the advent of Java distribution is far
  easier and accessible
• web provides an independent platform