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Wind Power Technology Localization: A Review of International Experience

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Title: Wind Power Technology Localization: A Review of International Experience


1
Wind Power Technology Localization A Review of
International Experience
Joanna Lewis Center for Resource Solutions
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory JILewis_at_lb
l.gov
2
Outline of Presentation
  • What is Localization?
  • Possible Advantages of Localization
  • Barriers to Localization
  • Leading Manufacturers Local Situations
  • Policy Mechanisms
  • Conclusions

3
What is Localization?
  • Developing a locally-based wind turbine industry
    consisting of
  • Full turbine and component manufacturing
  • Technology transfer, innovation, combination
  • Specialization in components
  • Technology transfer, innovation, combination
  • Integration of components made by other companies
    to particular specifications
  • May require no technology transfer or
    locally-based innovation

4
Possible Advantages of Localization
  • Technology cost reductions
  • Domestic economic development jobs
  • Export to international markets
  • National achievement

5
Technology Cost Reductions
  • Materials
  • Advanced tower design
  • Labor
  • Rotor blades
  • Transport
  • Shipping freight costs
  • Productivity improvements

Sources Krohn 1998, AWEA, EWEA, CANWEA.
6
Jobs in the Wind Industry
Source Paul Gipe 2004, see also EWEA 2003.
7
Barriers to Localization
  • Existing international competition
  • Technology quickly advancing
  • Limited indigenous technical capacity
  • Requiring use of technology that cannot be made
    locally

8
The key to successful local wind technology
industry development?
  • a sizable and stable market for wind power
  • How big a market?
  • How to establish stability?

9
Examples of Sizable Stable Markets
10
Percent of Installed Turbines Made by a Domestic
Company (2003)
Source BTM Consulting, 2004.
11
How Big is Big Enough?
Source BTM Consulting, 2004 IEA 2004.
12
Successful Policies Leading to Sizable, Stable
Markets
  • Feed-in tariffs
  • Germany, Denmark, Spain
  • Mandatory targets (RPS, MMS, RO)
  • US States, Japan, UK, Italy, Australia
  • Tax credits/rebates
  • US, India, France, Netherlands, Sweden
  • Government bidding/concessions
  • UK, China, France, Ireland

13
Policies that Specifically Support Localization
  • Local content requirements
  • Trade tariffs (customs duties)
  • Tax policies export credit assistance
  • Certification testing programs
  • Research development (RD) funding

14
Local Content Requirements
  • Spain
  • Limited licensing policy to encourage regional
    development
  • Canada
  • Provincially-imposed local content requirements
  • China
  • Local content requirements imposed on concession
    projects

15
Trade Tariffs
  • Placed on whole machines or components, with
    different results
  • WTO implications?

16
Tax Policies Export Credit
  • Tax policies
  • Local companies
  • Foreign companies and JVs (China, India)
  • Export credit assistance
  • To support international sales (Denmark, Germany)

17
Certification Testing
  • Builds confidence in product
  • Internationally recognizable
  • Helps quality control
  • Leaders Denmark, Germany, India

18
RD Funding
  • Sustained public support important
  • Demonstration ? commercialization
  • Many studies on key RD agendas for wind

19
Conclusions
  • Must clarify national goals with respect to
    localization
  • Leading global wind manufacturers come from
    countries with substantial government policy
    support for wind
  • Direct support for local manufacturing can be
    used to meet domestic goals for the industry

20
Contact Information
  • Joanna Lewis
  • JILewis_at_lbl.gov
  • USA 510-486-6828
  • ??1368-327-4757
  • Ryan Wiser
  • RHWiser_at_lbl.gov
  • Jan Hamrin
  • JHamrin_at_resource-solutions.org
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