Emerging Applications of Biofuels in Fuel Cells

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• WELCOME

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• NATIONAL OILSEEDS VEGETABLE OILS DEVELOPMENT
  BOARD
• www.novodboard.com

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PROMOTION OF JATROPHA PLANTATION
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Limitations in promotion of Jatropha

• Farmers
• Non-availability of the quality planting
  material
• Uncertainty of yield
• Arrangement for procurement of seed and oil
  expelling
• Entrepreneurs
• Consistency in availability of raw materials
• Market for by products
• Mandatory regulation for blending
• Tax incentives- Excise, sales tax exemption.

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Promotion of Jatropha Plantation-Status
NOVOD Board - Initiatives

• Model plantation with superior planting material
• Need based research development
• Establishment of seed procurement and oil
  expelling centre
• Development of pilot transesterification unit
• Awareness Programme

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Model plantation with superior planting material

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• S.No State Organisation Area Plantation site
  (ha)
• Arun. Pr. SDA 200 E.Kameng, papum
  Para, W. Siang,
• Lohit, Tiral, Chang, Lang
• A.P ICRISAT 300 Ranga Redd
• Bihar SDH 100 At nursery stage
• Chattisgarh SDA 150 Bilaspur
• CCST 290 Raipur, Dhandri
• 5. Gujarat A A Univ. 200 Anand
• N A Univ. 200 Navsari
• J A Univ 300 Junagarh
• PCCF 200 Junagarh, Sabarkantha,
  Mehsana, Kutch, Rajkot, Godhra
• 6. Goa CF 10 At nursery stage

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Model plantation with superior planting material

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• S.No State Organisation Area Plantation site
  (ha)
• 7 Haryana CF 300 Gurgaon, F.bad,
  Rewari, Mh. gd
• HAU 200 Hissar
• Jharkhand CCF 200 Giridih
• Karnataka UAS 10 Dharwad, Belgam,
  Raichur
• SFCI 300 Raichur
• 10 Kerala CF 50 Kasargod
• Manipur SDA 300 Imphal West, Chandel,
  Bishnupur
• Mizoram SDH 280 Aizwal, Lunghei,
  Khawzawl, Tuidam, Saiha, Kolaship
• Meghalaya SDA 200 RI Bhoi, EW
  Garohills
• 14 Maharashtra PDKV 300 Akola, Amaravati
• MAUniv 300 Parbhani
• SDA 280 All over state
• DSF 150 Solapur

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Model plantation with superior planting material

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• S.No State Organisation Area Plantation site
  (ha)
• 15 MP SDH 200 At nursery stage
• MPCOST 290 Sehore, Vidisha, Bhopal
• JNKVV 275 Jabalpur, Sehore, Sagar,
  Indore, Ujjain, Dhar, Jhaia
• 16 Nagaland SDA 240 Dimapur, Ninland,
  Tening, Talukil
• 17 Rajasthan MPUAT 200 Vallabhnagar,
  Banaswara, Kota, Bhilwara,
  Pratapnagar
• SDA 300 Kaloyat (Bikaner)
• 18 TN SDA 300 Puddukkotai
• WSDA 300 Tirunevei, Kanchipuram,
  Guddalore, Korur, Thiruvallur
• TNAU 300 Coimbatore, Erode, Salem,
  Karur, Madurai, Ramnad

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Model plantation with superior planting material

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• S.No State Organisation Area Plantation site
  (ha)
• 19 Uttar Pradesh Al.Univ. 200 Allahabad
• PCCF 250 Mahoba, Mirjapur
• 20 Uttaranchal GBPUAT 300 Pantnagar PCCF
  300 Tehri Gawhwal, Dehradun, Masoori,
  Ramnagar
• WB SDA 10 Basin
• Total 8285

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• Seed propagation of Jatropha

• Bag filling

• Sowing

• Quality seedling

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Nursery of Jatropha at Garhatand (Giridih),
Jharkhand
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Plantation of Jatropha in Junagarh Agr.
Univ., Gujarat
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Jatropha nursery at Wafale (Solapur), Maharashtra
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Jatropha plantation (Puddukkotai), Tamil Nadu
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Nursery - TBO garden, Jambad (Jharkhand)
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Jatropha Plantation in TNAU, Coimbatore
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Jatropha Plantation in TNAU, Coimbatore
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Jatropha dense Plantation
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Jatropha Curcas fruits
Matured fruits
Dried fruits
Fresh fruits
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RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT
National Network on Jatropha

• Objectives
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• Selection of superior planting material
• Standardization of Propogation techniques Micro
  and Macro propagation.
• Standardizing agro-techniques
• Establishment of model plantations
• Tree improvement
• Detoxification of seed meal
• Development of pre-processing processing
  equipments
• Imparting training to the farmers.
•     

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National Network on Jatropha

• Status
• More than 900 superior plants identified
• Yield of mother plant 2-3 kg
• Oil content ranged from 29 to 42 in seed
• Agro-techniques being standardised
• Multi locational trials to be conducted in 21
  states
• Germplasm being maintained for long term storage
  at NBPGR

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Superior plants of Jatropha
Selection from Zimbawe
More germplasm being imported from Egypt, Ghana,
Nepal, Nicaragua and Brazil through NBPGR, New
Delhi
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AGRISILVICULTURE
Various inter-crops are being tried for
increasing income of the farmer during the
gestation period
Sunflower as Intercrop
Wheat as Intercrop
Gingelly as Intercrop
Lentil as Intercrop
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AGRISILVICULTURE
Linseed as Intercrop
Tomato as Intercrop
Mung as Intercrop
Groundnut as Intercrop
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Field performance of bare rooted seedlings
Bare root seedlings/cuttings can be transported
without any effect on survival of plants
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Plantation raised from bare root seedlings
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Variability in rooting system
Cutting
Seed
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Tree improvement

• Hybridization in different species of jatropha
  namely Jatropha curcas, Jatropha intergerrima,
  Jatropha gossypifolia etc. are being tried for
  genetic improvement in respect of resistance to
  biotic and abiotic stresses.

Jatropha curcas X Jatropha integerrima
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Clone 54
Clone 50
TNAU Hybrids
Clone 56
Clone 60
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Germplasm
Species collection Jatropha curcas
Jatropha curcas (nontoxic) J. curcas x
J.integrerrima Jatropha
gossypifolia Jatropha glandulifera Jatropha
tanjorensis Jatropha multifida Jatropha
podagrica Jatropha integerrima
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Pruning Trials
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Pest and diseases in Jatropha
Powdery mildew
Scuteleria novelis infected fruits
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NOVOD Board - Initiatives
Establishment of seed procurement and oil
expelling centres

• Seed procurement and oil expelling centres are
  being established .
• Establishment of these centres will help to
• Maintain Quality of the seed collected
• Facilitate the storage of seed for its use during
  lean period
• Undertake oil extraction and pass on to oil
  agencies for further processing, blending and sale

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Transesterification - Units
NOVOD Board - Initiatives

• 60 liter per day capacity plant established at
  NOVOD Board in collaboration with IIT, New Delhi

Vegetable oil Alcohol Sodium
Hydroxide (Heating) Bio-diesel
Glycerin
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Jatropha decorticator designed and fabricated in
collaboration with IIT, N.Delhi.
Capacity 150 kg per hr.
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Manual Decorticator for Jatropha Seeds
Capacity 20 kg per hr.
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Value addition of Jatropha

• Detoxification of seed meal
• Antinutritional Factor Saponins, Phytate,
  Tannins, Effective method - Soaking cum boiling
  and alkali treatment of seed cake
• Results - Saponin content reduced by 85
• - Phytate content reduced by 28
• - Tannin content reduced by 50

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Byproduct - Glycerin

• Traditionally Glycerine has been A High Cost -
  Low Volume Product
• However, Biodiesel is changing this to A Low
  Cost-High Volume Product
• Present world production 1 MT
• 25-30 consumed each by Europe, USA and Asia
• Global availability of glycerin will increase and
  price may go down
• New applications and products need to be
  developed for sustainability

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Jatropha cake vs Others
By Product - Jatropha cake
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Initiatives taken by State Governments

• Andhra Pradesh
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• Created Rain Shadow Area (RSA) Department in June
  2004.
• 555 mandals in 20 districts identified as RSA.
• Proposed plantation targets in 18 lakh acres.
• Initial target is 2 lakh acres.
• Expression of interest for setting up bio-diesel
  plant called.
• Jatropha seedlings supplied free of cost _at_ Rs.
  1900 per ha.
• Land Development, pit digging, bunding _at_ 11500
  per ha.

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Initiatives taken by State Govts.
Andhra Pradesh

• 2005-06 7500 ha. covered under irrigated
  condition.
• 8270 ha covered under rainfed condition.
• 2006-07 25000 ha. Plan for 2006-07 in 10 RSA
  10000 ha. Planed for non RSA.
• Land identification - Self help Group and
  Panchayats.
• Funding
• National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme.
• Watershed Programme.
• Indira Prabha (Comprehensive Land Development
  Project).
• APMIP (Andhra Pradesh Micro irrigation Project)

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Initiatives taken by State Governments

• Madhya Pradesh
• More than 20 lakh seedlings supplied in 2005-06
  by SDA.
• Plantation of 300 ha. by MPCOST 300 ha. by
  JNKVV
• 300 ha. by SDH.
• Rajasthan
• Constituted a Bio-fuel Authority to promote
  Bio-fuel in the country.
• Plantation of Jatropha initiated in Southern
  Rajasthan.
• A sum of Rs. 18 lakhs sanctioned to MP University
  of Agriculture Technology for development of
  quality planting material by State Deptt. Of
  Agriculture.
• Wasteland allotment policy to private
  entrepreneur being framed.

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Initiatives taken by State Governments

• Uttranchal
• Constituted Uttranchal Bio-fuel Board to
  promote Bio-fuel in the state.
• 2 lakh ha. Jatropha plantation is proposed on
  degraded community land through Van Panchayat.
• 8 districts i.e Dehradun, Pauri, Tehri,
  Bageshwar, Chamoli, Nanital, Almora Champavat
  have been identified.
• Forest Development Corporation has been
  designated to purchase seeds from farmers.
• M/s Uttranchal Bio-fuel Ltd. to establish
  transestrification unit by 2006 for producing
  bio-diesel.
• Plantation has been completed in 360 ha during
  2004-05 8860 ha. during 2005-06.

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Initiatives taken by State Governments
Uttranchal

• Financial Support
• Govt. of Uttranchal - 3000 lakhs
• NOVOD Board - 75 lakhs
• Rural Development - 600 lakhs (50 grant)
• Corporate grants - 55 lakhs

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Initiatives taken by State Governments

• Chhattisgarh
• Chhattisgarh Bio-fuel Development Authority setup
  on Jan. 2005 for development of bio-fuel in the
  state.
• Govt. fallow land being offered to private
  entrepreneur.
• Action initiated to allot 70000 ha. Land on lease
  to private entrepreneur.
• 2005-06 8 crore saplings distributed to farmers.
• 2006-07 16 crore seedlings (target).
• About 10,000 farmers trained to sensitized
  farmers to undertake jatropha plantation during
  2005-06.
• CBDA has set up ITDP trans-estrification unit at
  Raipur.
• More than 3000 liter of bio-diesel produced.

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Initiatives taken by State Governments

• Tamil Nadu
• Jatropha plantation being promoted on wasteland.
• Elite planting material being developed in 900 ha
  by SDA TNAU
• Quality seed procured from IGKVV, Raipur (720 kg)
  and TNAU (900 kg.)
• Jatropha demonstration of 2.5 ha each organized
  in potential districts.
• 250 kg Jatropha seed imported from Zimbabwe.
• Plantation proposed to be promoted through
  Panchayati Raj institutions
• Southern Railway has undertaken plantation of
  more than one lakh seedling.

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Initiatives taken by State Governments
Tamil Nadu

• MOU signed by Govt. with following entrepreneurs
  for Jatropha plantation and establishing
  extraction unit
• M/S Mohan Brewaries and Distilleries Ltd.
• Covered 119 ha in 2004-05 and 196 ha upto Sept.
  2005 against target of 78000 ha. in 2005-06.
• Extraction cum transestrification unit of 8000
  tonnes per annum is proposed to commission in
  2005-06.
• M/S Shiva Distilleries Ltd.
• Plantation covered in 414 ha during 2004-05 and
  275 ha up to Sept. 2005 against the target of
  1760 ha.
• Processing facility at Coimbatore is yet to be
  established.

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Initiatives taken by State Governments
Tamil Nadu

• Riverway Agro Products (P) Ltd.
• Plantation covered in 160 ha in 2004-05 and 1000
  ha upto Sept. 2005.
• Processing facility to be established by 2006.
• Dharavi Sugar and Chemicals Ltd.
• Plantation is in progress.
• Processing facility yet to be developed.
• Total area covered (10,519 ha)
• Govt. identified entrepreneurs - 1170 ha
• Other private entrepreneurs - 8449 ha
• SDA TNAU - 900 ha

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Initiatives taken by State Governments

• Gujarat
• State Deptt. of forest has been made nodal agency
  for promotion Jatropha plantation in the state.
• Jatropha plantation taken up by - SDF 4900 ha.
  
• SAUs 1200 ha.
• Seedlings being supplied to farmers _at_ Rs. 1.15
  paisa per seedling
• Wasteland are being allotted to private
  entrepreneurs on lease basis.

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Initiatives taken by State Governments

• Maharashtra
• MEDA assigned to promote bio-diesel in the state.
• Plantation undertaken in about 2000 ha.
• Bio-fuel policy is being framed by MEDA.
• Karnataka
• Govt. of Karnataka gave Rs. 3 crore to IISc to
  developed an affordable fuel for rural areas.
• IISc has been campaigning the use of the oil as
  diesel substitute.
• Karnataka Forest Department has been developing
  and distributing saplings of Pongamia and other
  TBOs.
• Bio-fuel policy is being framed.

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INTERNATIONAL SCENERIO

• More than 20 countries initiated bio-diesel
  production
• More than 100 bio-diesel plants established world
  wide
• World wide bio-diesel production capacity is 3
  M.T
• More than 2.5 MT Bio-diesel is produced
  worldwide.
• Blending target of EU is 5.75 by 2010 and 20
  by 2020
• Tax support is being provided for bio-diesel
  promotion
• No tax being levied on bio-diesel production by
  Germany Italy

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Time to come out of the shell ?
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Reasons to adopt alternate fuel
Clean Energy !
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Reasons to adopt alternate fuel
Vaulting Oil Price !
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Reasons to adopt alternate fuel
Flying Oil Prices !
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Alternate Energy Source
Hybrid Car !
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Cutting the hand which feeds
Progress !
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• Thanks