The Phrase

1
The Phrase

• A phrase is a group of related words that
• is used as a part of speech
• does not contain both a verb and its subject

2
Types of phrases

• Prepositional phrases
• Adverb phrase
• Adjective phrase
• Verbals
• Participle
• Gerund
• Infinitive
• Appositives

3
The Prepositional Phrase

• A preposition is a word that shows the
  relationship of a noun (or pronoun), AKA the
  object of the preposition, to another word.
• List of preps on pg. 24-25
• The squirrel ran in the tree.
• The squirrel ran near the tree.
• The squirrel ran around the tree.
• The squirrel ran beyond the tree.
• The squirrel ran over the tree.

4
The Prepositional Phrase

• A prepositional phrase includes a preposition,
  the object of the preposition, and any modifiers
• The squirrel ran (in the tree).
• The squirrel ran (near the tree).
• The squirrel ran (around the tree).
• The squirrel ran (beyond the tree).
• The squirrel ran (over the tree).

5
The Prepositional Phrase

• Two types of prepositional phrases
• Adjective phrases
• Adverb phrases
• Classified by their function in the sentence

6
The Prepositional Phrase

• Adjectives modify
• nouns
• pronouns
• Adverbs modify
• verbs
• adjectives
• other adverbs

7
The Adjective Phrase

• A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a
  pronoun is called an adjective phrase

8
The Adverb Phrase

• A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an
  adjective, or an adverb is called an adverb phrase

9
Verbals

• A verbal is formed from a verb, and is used as
  an adjective, noun, or adverb.
• The three types of verbals are participles,
  gerunds, and infinitives.

10
The Participle

• Participle verb form used as an adjective
• Present participles end in ing
• Boiling water
• Smiling child
• Singing movie star
• Past participles usually end in ed or d
• Grilled salmon
• Damaged building
• Fallen rock
• Shaven hair

11
The Participle

• participial phrase participle any modifiers
  or compliments.
• Whole phrase used as adjective

12
The Gerund

• A Gerund is a verb from that ends in ing and is
  used as a noun.
• A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any
  modifiers or complements it has. The whole phrase
  is used as a noun.
• Subject Reading will improve your vocabulary.
• Predicate nominative One popular summer sport is
  swimming in a pool.
• Direct object They enjoy cooking together.
• Indirect object She is giving working full time
  careful thought.
• Object of preposition After studying, how do you
  relax?
• Tip if you can substitute a pronoun like it or
  that for the ing ending word, it is a gerund

13
Infinitive

• An infinitive is a verb form that can be used as
  a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Most begin
  with to
• An infinitive phrase is the infinitive and any
  modifiers
• Noun To err is human. He wants to act.
• Adjective She is the one to ask.
• Adverb The team was slow to score.

14
Appositive

• An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed beside
  another noun or pronoun to identify or describe
  it.
• My cousin Bryan is my best friend.
• Soledad, a cautious driver, never had an
  accident.
• A diligent and quick-witted student, Mark always
  gets good grades.
• An appositive phrase the appositive modifiers

15
Appositive

• An Appositive that is not essential to meaning of
  sentence uses commas
• Karens sister, Maria, is also a sophomore. (if
  Karen has only one sister)
• An Appositive that tells which one of two or more
  is essential to the meaning and does not use
  commas
• Karens sister Maria is also a sophomore. (if
  Karen has more than one sister)

16
Types of phrases

• Prepositional phrases
• Adjective phrase
• Adverb phrase

• Preposition modifiers
• Modifies noun/pronoun
• Modifies verb, adj., adv.

17
Types of phrases

• Prepositional phrases
• Adjective phrase
• Adverb phrase
• Verbals
• Participle
• Gerund
• Infinitive
• Appositives

• Preposition modifiers
• Modifies noun/pronoun
• Modifies verb, adj., adv.
• Verb to modify
• Verbal used as adj.
• Ends in ing, used as noun
• to form of verb, used as n, adj, adv
• Nouns renaming other nouns

18
Due Tuesday

• Chapter 3
• Ex. 4, 5, 8
• Review D

19
Due Tuesday

• Chapter 3
• Ex. 1- 2
• Directions
• Write the whole sentence.
• () the preps.
• Underline the subject once, verb twice.
• Draw under arrows for all modifiers.
• Then make the ()d preps point to what they
  modify using over arrows.

20
Due Thursday

• Chapter 3
• Ex. 9
• Review E
• Chapter Review C, D
• Directions
• Write the whole sentence.
• Underline the subject once, verb twice.
• ( ) the preps.
• the verbals
• \ \ the appositives
• Draw over arrows to the words they modify (if
  any)
• Draw under arrows for any modifiers (adj. and
  adv.)
• Then identify what type of phrase each is