Modified for LING 3330 from Lab Phonology Lecture 41608

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Modified for LING 3330 from Lab Phonology
Lecture 4-16-08

• Hayward (8.4 Articulation and Imaging Techniques

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• http//www.ling.fju.edu.tw/phonetic/descriptive_an
  swers.htm

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Articulators Muscles (review)

• From Ladefoged Vs and Cs 2nd ed.

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Articulators Muscles (review)
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Palatography

• Palatography a traditional method of measuring
  tongue contact with the roof of the mouth.
• Use medicinal charcoal and olive oil to paint
  the tongue for a palatogram that shows where
  the tongue touched the palate.
• Using the paint on the palate the part of the
  tongue that did the touching can be studied.
  Linguagram
• after an articulation pictures are taken of the
  palate (using a mirror) and the tongue

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Palatography

• From Ladefoged Vs and Cs 2nd ed.

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Palatography

• From Ladefoged Vs and Cs 2nd ed.

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Palatography

• From Ladefoged Vs and Cs 2nd ed.

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Palatography

• From Ladefoged Vs and Cs 2nd ed.

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Palatography

• From Ladefoged Vs and Cs 2nd ed.

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Electropalatography

• http//speech.umaryland.edu/epg.html
• http//www.ling.mq.edu.au/speech/physiology/epg/ep
  gnotes.html

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Electropalatography

• my pal al saw the S.S. Pinafore
• http//speech.umaryland.edu/epg.html

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Electropalatography

• Advantages
• real time tracking of tongue/palate articulators
• more sensitive than charcoal method
• Disadvantages
• possibly not very portable ( compared to charcoal
  method needs batteries and computers)
• possibly expensive per speaker for custom mouth
  device
• device could in fact affect articulation by
  obstructing the actual contact between tongue and
  palate
• cannot show articulations outside of
  alveolar-palatal ridge and soft palate (i.e.
  labial, nasal, etc.)

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X-ray

• http//www.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de/hoole/kurse/m
  ovies/xray/l77_04.mov
• its ten below outside
• In ten below there is a similar pattern of
  movement by tongue and lips. An additional
  consideration is the movement of the soft palate.
  At the point where the lips close, the soft
  palate is still open (it had to be open for the
  /n/, of course), so in effect something like an
  /m/ is articulated briefly, until the soft palate
  raises to close the velopharyngeal port and allow
  air-pressure to build up for the /b/.
• 05_its_10_below.mov (small)

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X-ray films

• Why do x-ray films constitute an important speech
  resource?
• X-ray filming is even today effectively the only
  imaging technique that allows all the most
  important speech articulators (jaw, tongue, lips,
  soft palate, larynx) to be captured in a single
  view at a frame rate that is reasonably adequate
  for speech. However, in most countries it is no
  longer considered ethically acceptable to make
  cineradiographic recordings of speech with
  healthy subjects, unless there is some clear
  clinical indication for the recordings. Thus
  existing x-ray films form an irreplaceable source
  of information on speech.
• From http//www.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de/hoole/ku
  rse/movies/xray/xrayreadme.pdf

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X-ray

• Benefit of X-Ray
• see the whole hard and soft tissue
• not affected by air in oral cavity
• thus can see interaction of multiple articulators
• larger scope for viewing area
• Draw back
• multiple still frame (films)
• potentially dangerous
• not likely to be portable

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Microbeam X-ray

• http//www.medsch.wisc.edu/ubeam/
• Two nose pellets (MAXN, MAXG) and a maxillary
  incisor (MAXI) pellet are used as references data
  translation to a cranial coordinate system. Jaw
  articulation is tracked via pellets on the
  mandibular incisor (MANI) and mandibular molar
  (MANM). Soft tissue pellets are placed on upper
  lip (UL), lower lip (LL), tongue tip (TT), two on
  the tongue blade (TB1, TB2), and tongue dorsum
  (TD).

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Microbeam X-ray

• The animation below illustrates the acoustic and
  articulatory change during the production of the
  diphthong in "light". An orange line joins the
  four tongue points. Movements of the mandible are
  represented by the two mustard-coloured points,
  the upper and lower lip by the red points. Black
  lines represent the front portion of the palate
  and the rear wall of pharynx. (Data
  visualization by xassp.) http//www.personal.uni-j
  ena.de/x1siad/uwxrmbdb.html

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Microbeam X-ray

• Advantages
• tracking of articulators in reference to jaw and
  skull
• more real time imaging
• Disadvantages
• only one exist (in Wisconsin)
• radiation exposure
• probably expensive and requires trained personnel
• weighs 15tons ? not portable

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Electromagnetic Mid-sagittal Articulography

• http//www.articulograph.de/
• http//www.articulograph.de/AG500/mark-tiede.mov
  (inaction)

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Ultrasound
http//www.u-aizu.ac.jp/wilson/
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http//www.lingref.com/cpp/gasla/8/paper1497.pdf
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A midsagittal ultrasound image of the tongue
(prominent white line tongue surface)
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UltrasoundStabilization

• http//speech.umaryland.edu/ahats.html

http//homepages.nyu.edu/7Eld43/Papers/LD_PD_Veri
fication_v4.pdf
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Ultrasound Laterals

• little
• little
• red

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Ultrasound Laterals

• Little Red Riding-Hood ran away with her lollipop
  

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Vowel Review
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Vowel Review
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Ultrasound Vowels

• heed x2
• hid x3
• hayed x3
• head x3
• had x3
• hod x3
• hawed x3
• hoed x3
• hood x3
• whod x3
• HUD x3
• herd x3
• a hoyed x3

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Ultrasound 3D

• it ran a lot it rang a lot

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Ultrasound

• Harmonica file

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Ultrasound

• Advantages of Ultrasound
• more portable
• less hazardous (less radiographic exposure)
• real time image
• possible 3D imaging (not as limited by air)
• Drawbacks
• cant see through air
• obstructed by bone
• smaller viewing area

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MRI

• Ladefoged VC

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MRI

• video from Ladefoged VC
• http//www.phonetics.ucla.edu/vowels/chapter11/ton
  gue.html

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MRI

• Benefits of MRI
• multiple cross sections allowing for detailed 3D
  images
• Real Time images
• Large viewing area
• Drawbacks
• Not portable
• highly trained personnel to operate
• very expensive
• potential radiographic exposure ?
• time consuming

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Speech Imaging References

• Electropalatography
• http//speech.umaryland.edu/epg.html
• ultrasound
• http//speech.umaryland.edu/funmovies.html
  (harmonica)
• http//speech.umaryland.edu/3dmovies.html (3D)
• http//libproxy.uta.edu2103/10.1016/j.bandl.2006.
  06.079 (article from science direct)
• x-Ray
• http//psyc.queensu.ca/munhallk/05_database.htm
• http//www.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de/hoole/kurse/m
  ovies/xray/xrayreadme.pdf
• MRI
• http//speech.umaryland.edu/MICSR.html