Training Effects

1
Training Effects

• IMMEDIATE SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE
• there are a number of physiological changes that
  take place in the body following the start of
  exercise
• many of these will have begun in the warm up and
  will speed up during high level of activity in a
  competition
• short term effect of exercise

2

• BREATHING - warms ups initiate breathing to
  increase. Working muscles need more oxygen than
  normal to work at a higher intensity
  (respiration)
• PULSE RATE - heart rate increases so greater
  volume of blood is pumped around the body almost
  twice as fast as at resting rate. Pulse rate and
  respiration rate will increase until the demands
  of the muscles are met, then they will level off
  when the body reaches a steady state
• CIRCULATION - of blood increases as the level of
  activity rises in order to meet the increased
  demand of the muscles for oxygen

3

• MUSCLES - blood vessels dilate (get bigger) to
  accommodate increased blood flow. Blood
  temperature rises as muscles work better warm 37
  degrees - 41 degrees, this rise in temperature
  benefits connective tissue (tendons) it will make
  them more supple and less likely to tear or
  strain
• SWEATING - a cooling mechanism which also
  accelerates the removal of waste products as the
  pores of the skin open

4

• LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE
• GENERAL WELL BEING
• being able to cope with the demands of everyday
  living
• bones become stronger
• tendons and muscles become more elastic giving
  larger range of movement
• healthier appetite
• improved sleep patterns
• feel better about ourselves - cope with stress
  better

5

• HEART RATE - resting level falls/ working limits
  increase
• STROKE VOLUME - more blood from each beat
• CARDIAC OUTPUT - total volume of blood pumped
  around the body stays the same at rest but
  increases greatly during exercise due to increase
  in Stroke Volume

6

• BODY COMPOSITION - take on better physique
• MUSCLE SIZE - adaptable muscles
• RECOVERY RATE IMPROVES
• MORE OXYGEN STORED IN MUSCLE CELLS - beneficial
  to anaerobic activity