Title: Beyond Consciousness to Cosmos: Beyond Relativity and Quantum Theory to Cosmic Theory
1Beyond Consciousness to Cosmos Beyond Relativity
and Quantum Theory to Cosmic Theory
- Why We Have No Physical Cosmology, and How to
Start Creating One - Henry Lindner
- www.henrylindner.net
2Goals
- Discuss the origins and nature of Relativity and
Quantum Mechanics - Show that Relativity is inadequate ideology
- Introduce Natural Philosophy as the disciplined
use of full our cognitive abilities - Introduce a physical theory of space and motion
to replace Relativity - Demonstrate how this theory can explain
astronomical anomalies
3KuhnIdeas Rule!
- Scientists are trained to work within a
philosophical program - They have neither the mental tools nor the
motivation to change the program - Normal science goes on until paradoxes
accumulate to an embarrassing degree - An innovator from outside the system imposes a
new program - The cycle repeats
4Crisis in Theoretical Physics
- Observer-based lawsanthropocentric
- Subjectivisticlimited to describing what the
observer experiences and measures. - No hypothesesno physical causality
- ParadoxesContradictions
- Ad hoc fixes abound
- Mathematics accurate but overcomplicated
- Relativity and QM are incompatible
5Current Perspective
Hubble Deep FieldGalaxies!
6Sun
Milky Way Galaxy
7Earth
?
8500 yrs ago Earth-observer perspective!
9The Math Worked!
10Ptolemaic Cosmology
- Observer-basedobserver at the center and not
movingjust as his senses and instruments
indicated - Laws just described the observers
measurementsin his frame - No physical hypothesesanti-physical!
- Mathematics accurate but over complicated
- Stood in the way of the advancement of knowledge
11Copernican Revolution
- Shifted the frame from the observers
consciousness to the Cosmos - In retrospect, we can see that no progress in
Cosmology or physics was possible in the
Ptolemaic observer-based scheme - Opponents argued No evidence of Earths motion,
mathematics not as accurate, no explanation of
cause of such motion
12Relativitys Cosmology
- Observer-basedall physical motion related to and
equally well described in any observers frame. - Light travels at c relative to the human observer
not relative to matter. - No physical hypotheses
- Creates paradoxes
- Stands in the way of progress
13Anti-Copernican Relativity
- Einstein sought laws of nature valid for any
CSincluding the rotating Earth observers CS - Claimed that Relativity would render the
historic struggle between the views of Ptolemy
and Copernicus quite meaningless since Either
CS could be used with equal justification. - Einstein and Infeld, The Evolution of Physics,
1938 p. 224.
14We need a Second Copernican Revolution
- Again remove the observer from the center of
physics - Relate motion and laws of physics to the matter
and space of the Cosmosnot to any arbitrary CS - A physical theory of space, matter and motion
- Why are we in this mess?
15Natural Philosophy vs. Christianity
- Aristotle revered by Church until works of
natural philosophy translated - Conflict between Aristotelian natural philosophy
and Christian doctrine? Condemnation 1277 of
ideas of Aristotle, Averröes, and St. Thomas
Aquinas. - Church God can move the Cosmos and leave a
void, The world is not eternal, etc. - William of Ockhameliminated all hypothetical
entities and causes except God - Descartes and LockeJudeo-Christian dualism
16Roots of Relativity
- DualismSpirit and Matter
- Copernicus and Newton offered material
explanations of phenomena. - Threats to traditional religious belief
- Philosophical explanations reduced role of God in
Nature. - Bishop Berkeley attacked Newtons Mechanics as
atheistic materialism.
17Berkeleys Subjective Idealism
- Since we know only our own conscious experiences
and have no direct knowledge of any material
Cosmos, we must not assume that it exists.
Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge (1710)
body, para. 18. - Reality is a virtual reality simulation fed to
our spirits from Gods Spirit. - The laws of optics are some of the rules that
govern the Matrix.
18Father of Relativity
- We must treat motion not as absolute, Cosmic, or
real but as merely relative to ourselves and to
any other objects in our sensoria, and treat time
as the mere succession of events in our
consciousness. - Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) para.
112., para. 98.
19Humes Non-Religious Skepticism
- Denied that we could know any Cosmic causes,
saying that our belief that an effect will follow
from a cause is merely a custom we have
acquired through repetitive experience. He
denied that we could ever know the cause of such
a custom as gravity. - An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748)
20MachEinsteins Mentor
- Admitted the influence of Berkeley and Hume
- The world consists only of our sensations
- Ernst Mach, Analysis of Sensations p. 12.
- Mach refused to believe in atoms (circa 1900)
because they were not evident to our senses. - Believed that Newtons theory of absolute space
and motion was devoid of content, since we have
knowledge only of relative spaces and motions.
He called those who shared his view
relativists. - Ernst Mach, The Science of Mechanics pp. 283,
293.
21Einsteins Subjectivism
- Admitted Read Berkeley, infl. by Hume, Mach
- The only justification for our concepts and
system of concepts is that they serve to
represent the complex of experiences beyond this
they have no legitimacy. - Albert Einstein, The Meaning of Relativity,1922,
p. 2. - Thereal external world is the sum total of all
experienced events about which subjects agree. - Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions, 1954, p.
363
22Light
- Relative to what does light move at velocity c?
- People in any state of motion
- Stars and Planets
- Botheven same light, same time
23Cosmic Reality vs. Observer Relativity
Sun
? Centauri B
0.5c
8.6 years
Light c
4.3 years
24Matter
- What causes the emission or absorption of a
subatomic particle by an atom or nucleus? - People observing it
- Unknown Physical Factors
25?
26Quantum Mechanics
- Quantum mechanics, however, regards the
interactions of object and observer as the
ultimate reality. It uses the language of
physical relations and processes rather than that
of physical qualities and properties. It rejects
as meaningless and useless the notion that behind
the universe of our perception there lies a
hidden objective world ruled by causality
instead, it confines itself to the description of
the relations among perceptions. - Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnik, Quantum
Physics (John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1974)
p. 88.
27Special Relativity
- Restricted Principle of Relativity All laws of
nature are the same in every uniformly moving
coordinate system (CS). (including that of every
human observer) - Invariant c The velocity of light, c, is a law
of physics for every CS. - Lorentz transformations relate measurements made
in co-moving frames
No mention of the Cosmos, matter, or causes?
28Motion is Only Relative?
- There is no such thing as an independently
existing trajectory, but only a trajectory
relative to a particular body of reference. - Relativity, The Special and General Theory p.
10. - Relativity means that all motion and laws of
motion are merely relative to any chosen observer
or CS, not uniquely related to the matter and
space of this Cosmos! - WRONG
29Space and Time
- To keep c constant for the observer, space and
time are made variableas per the Lorentz
transformations between frames. - ? v 1-v2/c2
- Einstein claimed he had thus rendered the ether
superfluous. - He had merely changed the program From
describing the Cosmos to describing our conscious
experiences!
30General Relativity
- General Principle of Relativity All CSs
(observers) are equivalent for the formulation of
the laws of nature whatever may be their state of
motion. - Einstein tried to relativize gravity and
accelerationdescribe them as nothing but types
of transformations between co-moving frames!
No mention of the Cosmos or of physical causes!
31Space-Time Matrix
- Attempted to produce a single set of laws of
nature valid for any observer in any state of
motionincluding accelerated! - This didnt work
- Minkowski helped Einstein produce a second
version the space-time matrix - The Cosmos represented, reconstructed, as a set
of space-time measurements made by
observersinside-out!
32Space-Time
- Is not an objectivistic model of the physical
Cosmos - It is a mathematical representation of the
observers experiences and measurements. - It is subjectivistic in that it assumes that
light travels at c relative to every observer - Its physical reality is a set of observed
events and the space-time intervals that
observers measure between these events.
33The Space-time Interval
ds2c2dt2-(dx2dy2dz2)
- Simply adds a timelike imaginary 4th axis to
Descartes 3 spatial axes - c2dt2 the square of the distance light travels
at c in the observers time - It is composed of the one thing that observers
agree upon when c is absolute for eachthe
intervals that they measure between observed
events.
34Einstein on the Interval
- The chronotropic interval has no physical
meaning or significance. - quoted by T. Levi-Civita, Nuovo Cimento, 13, 45
(1936).
35Space-Time Misunderstood
- The space-time curvature around the Earth acts
on fast or slow balls in exactly the same way. It
tells these balls how to move.
No. Space-time is the observers 4-dimensional
description of the motion of objects in a
gravitational field. Space-time does not cause
anything!
36Berkeley Triumphant
- Relativity, in original or space-time form,
fulfills Berkeleys program for a physics that
merely described the rules that control our
sensations and measurements. - Physics reduced to observer-based measurement
concepts - Physical theory abandoned
- Natural philosophy suppressed
37Relativity and QM
- Science should just describe what the observer
experiences and measuresthe contents of his
consciousness! - Science should not attempt to relate motion to
the matter and space of the Cosmos - Science should not seek the underlying causes of
quantum events.
38The Confusion
- Physicists believe they can use the concepts in
these models in a common sense way to describe
and understand the nature of Cosmic reality and
causes of Cosmic phenomena! - These models were not designed for that purpose!
39The Crux Void vs. Ether
- If the subjectivistic, observer-created reality
is true, then there must be no evidence that
there is any observer-independent space or
Cosmos! - Space itself must have no physical qualities and
must cause nothing. - But applied physics always requires
observer-independent spatial frame-ether! - How does Relativity cover it up!
40No Ether?
- Space has no physical qualitiesit is a void.
But in a void there could be - No resistance to acceleration
- No unique light velocity indep. of source
- No limiting velocity for matter
- No redshift of moving atomic spectra
- No resolution of the twin/clock paradoxneed
third frame to break the symmetry - No physical cause of gravity, inertia,
clock-slowing with velocity, or of anything!
Unless all these things happen by MAGIC!
41Ether Physics vs. Relativity
8.6 years
Sun
? Centauri B
0.5c
Light c
4.3 years
Whats the relative velocity of the spaceship and
the light in this Cosmos? What light velocity
does the spaceship measure?
42Lorentz before Einstein
- Lorentz Ether Theory Relative velocity is 1.5c,
however due to slowing of the ships clocks and
shortening of its length caused by its velocity
in Cosmic electromagnetic space, the ships crew
will measure lights velocity as c. - Einstein Relativity Relative velocity is c
because velocity c for light is a law of physics
valid for all observers or frames.
43Relativity vs. Causality
- Einsteins Special Relativity (SR) retained
Lorentzs clock-slowing and length contraction
effects, but dropped the Cosmic context and the
cause! - Lorentzs Theory works.
- Does Relativity work?
44Twin Symmetry
Paradoxes arise because Relativity claims that
all motion is merely relative to any arbitrary
frame of reference.
Any two frames in relative motion have identical
trajectories in each others CSsin Relativity
each twin can consider himself stationary and the
other moving! A third frame is required to break
the symmetry! (clue The Cosmos, ether, inertial
space, etc.)
45Twin Paradox
In Reality, it is always the twin who moves
relative to the nearby celestial bodies (Cosmic
distribution of matter) that is the younger
one! Motion is NOT merely relativeit is Cosmic!
46Global Positioning System Paradox
- If all motion is merely relative motion, why does
the GPS system relate light velocity and
clock-slowing ONLY to the non-rotating Earth
frame? - Relativists claim Its just simpler!
- Maybe simpler implies cause!
- Remember Copernicus?
47Aberration Paradoxes
- If aberration were caused by relative motion
only, then why dont the stars in a binary system
shift in their apparent positions in accordance
with their varying velocities relative to the
Earth-observer? - Starks experiment the direction of light
arriving from stationary and high-velocity moving
atoms at the same location is identical. - Ann. Phys. 4, 77 (1925).
48Aberration
- Fact Aberration is always and only due to the
motion of the observer (in the frame in which
light moves at c.)
49Sagnac Paradox
- Around the circumference of a rotating platform
(disc, Earth, etc.) lights velocity is c /- v.
- Working principle behind laser gyroscopes.
- Light travels East on Earth at c rotational
velocity, West at c rotational velocity (465m/s
at Earths equator). - Light travels at c in the non-rotating frame of
the Earth! Not relative to any observer!
50Relativity is Wrong
- Every trajectory is a unique path relative to
near and distant distribution of matter in this
Cosmos. - There is ALWAYS a preferred framethe physical
space/ether we call the local gravitational field - Light propagates at c relative to the
distribution of matter, not the observer.
51Why Dont They Get It?
- To resolve these paradoxes, Relativists introduce
a third frame (space-matter frame) - They then deny that they have done so, or they
claim that this is still Relativity! - Their confusion and denial makes debate with them
a fruitless endeavor. - Yes, the space-time model worksbecause it
incorporates the effects of ethereal space on the
observers measurements!
52Einstein Admits It
- Recapitulating, we may say that according to the
general theory of relativity, space is endowed
with physical qualities in this sense,
therefore, there exists an ether. According to
the general theory of relativity, space without
ether is unthinkable for in such space there not
only would be no propagation of light, but also
no possibility of existence for standards of
space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor
therefore any space-time intervals in the
physical sense. - Ether and the Theory of Relativity, 1920
53Einstein forbids Ether theory
- But this ether may not be thought of as endowed
with the quality characteristic of ponderable
media, as consisting of parts which may be
tracked through time. The idea of motion may not
be applied to it. - Ether and The Theory of Relativity, 1920
Note to self Try to apply the idea of motion
to it.
54The Source of the Confusion
- Einstein admitted that in the field of
epistemology he had been an unscrupulous
opportunist, resorting to realism, idealism,
positivism, and Platonism as the situation seemed
to require. - Albert Einstein Philosopher-Scientist, p. 684.
- The Relativity program requires no ether
- The facts indicate that space is ethereal
- Einstein failed to resolve the contradiction
55The Ether Taboo
- Disciples lack the insight of the Master!
- Ad hoc fixes for Relativity and QM allowed.
- Mention ether and youre out!
- Truth usually lies where one is forbidden to look!
56Natural Philosophy
- The creation, criticism, and testing of theories
about what exists and causes our experiences. - Uses all the tools of human cognition logic,
mathematics, and theory - Goes beyond our consciousness to theorize about
what exists and how it causes our existence and
causes what we experience.
57Reconstruction of PhilosophyHierarchical Cosmism
- EtherealEM, light, gravity,
- Physicochemicalsubatomic, atomic, etc.
- Biologicallife
- Neuropsychologicalhigher animals
- Linguo-mythicearly linguistic humans
- Conscio-philosophicalour potential
Lower level entities and processes are organized
in new ways producing higher level entities and
processes
58Reconstruction of Theoretical Physics
- Metaphysics Cosmism over Idealism
- Epistemology Objectivism and Causal Theory over
Subjectivistic modeling - Method Physical hypotheses before measurement
assumptions - Macrocosm Ether Theory over Relativity
- Microcosm Physical theory over QM
59How to Think Ethereally
- A knew, mostly unknown substance
- Not matter as we know it
- Ascribe to space whatever physical qualities are
needed to fit and explain the facts. - Beware of analogies with known substances and
processes - Strange qualities OK. Contradictions are out.
60Modern Ether Surrogates
- Frames (inertial, Earth, Sun-Star, etc.)
- Gravitational field
- Ruleslight velocity independent of source
- Space (without -time), curved space
- Higgs Fieldto give particles inertia in QM
- Strings, Membranes
- Additional curled up dimensions
- Dark Matter
- Parallel universes
61What Do We Know about Ether?
- EM mediumtransmits light at c, redshifts spectra
of moving atoms - Is masslessmass (inertia/gravity) is due to an
interaction between matter and space - Resists the acceleration of matter (inertia)
- Is accelerated by matter?gravity
- Resists the superluminal motion of particles
- Causes the shortening of objects moving with it
(Lorentz contractionif it exists)
62Of Matter and Space
- Newtons absolute space was a single, Cosmic,
Euclidean ether that resisted the acceleration of
matter. - Lorentzs ether was Newtons ether plus EMthe
medium in which light moved at c - If ether affects the motion of matter, shouldnt
matter also affect the motion of ether?
63Einsteins Insight
- What is fundamentally new in the ether of
general relativity as opposed to the ether of
Lorentz consists in this, that the state of the
former is at every place determined by
connections with the matter and the state of the
ether in neighboring places - Albert Einstein, Ether and the Theory of
Relativity, 1920 - Can we translate this insight into a physical
theory of the ether?
64Principle of Equivalence
- Einstein likened being accelerated by a rocket in
deep space with sitting on a planets surface. - The observer cant tell the difference without
special instruments! - Gravity and inertial acceleration are different
aspects of the same phenomenon - Inertial and gravitational acceleration are both
acceleration wrt space! - In gravity, space is accelerating Earthward!
65Inertial SpaceEther
- Matter does not naturally accelerate wrt
space/ether - If forced into acceleration wrt space it
experiences weight - Free fall in a gravitational field is
weightlessa state of non-acceleration wrt space
due to falling towards the gravitator - On a planets surface, one is in a constant state
of acceleration wrt accelerating space
66Gravitational Acceleration
- If matter causes its surrounding inertial space
to accelerate towards itself at aGM/r2, then all
the Newtonian aspects of a gravitational field
are explained - No need for an added gravitational force
- Inertial space flows!
- Whats its velocity at a given height outside a
mass?
67Gravitational Velocity
- The velocity at any height will be the sum of the
accelerations experienced from infinity to that
radial distance r. - This is equal to the Newtonian escape velocity --
11.2km/s at the Earths surface - Can this velocity explain other aspects of
gravity?
68Gravitational Velocity
- A clock held stationary at any given height in a
gravitational field should slow just as if it
were moving at the escape velocity from that
height.
.
69Gravitational Redshift
- The formula for the gravitational redshift is
.
since
then
Which is the SR/Lorentzian formula for the
redshift due to velocity.
70Unified Theory of Redshift
- Atoms in motion in space or held stationary in
gravity are both redshifted by their velocity in
space. - Unification Instead of two causesvelocity and
gravitythere is one cause. - The mathematics of Flowing Space mathematics work
and are much simpler than GR.
71Expanded Principle of Equivalence
- FS expands Einsteins principle of equivalence of
gravitational and inertial acceleration to
include the equivalence of gravitational and
inertial velocity, and adds a causal hypothesis! - This expanded POE unifies Newtonian, Lorentzian,
and Einsteinian physics.
72Flowing Space
- Inertial and electromagnetic ether-space that
flows into or out of all matter with - aGM/r2 (Newtonian acceleration) and
- (Newtonian escape velocity)
- This yields both the Newtonian and the
relativistic effects of gravity and of velocity
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74Black Holes
- If space flows into a mass with the velocity of
light, then light itself cannot escape - This is the known formula for the Schwarzschild
radius of a black hole
75Gravitational Lensing
- General Relativity formula for angle of
deflection - Since
- the angle of deflection is
- Its a simple spatial velocity effect!
76Flowing space reproduces GRs successesmuch more
simply
- Herbert Ives, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 29, 183 (1939).
- Herbert Ives, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 38, 413 (1947).
- Robert Kirkwood, Phys. Rev., 92, 1557 (1953).
- Robert Kirkwood, Phys. Rev., 95, 1051 (1954).
- Tom Martin, General Relativity and Spatial Flows
I. Absolute Relativistic Dynamics,
http//xxx.lanl.gov/abs/gr-qc/0006029. - Tom Martin, On the Motion of Free Material Test
Particles in Arbitrary Spatial Flows,
http//xxx.lanl.gov/abs/gr-qc/9807006.
77arXivgr-qc/0411060 v1 12 Nov 2004
Mainstream physicists have not applied the model
to weak gravity situations where it works equally
well.
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79Dark Matter?
- Newtonian/Einsteinian physics contradicted by
apparent excess gravity within and between
galaxies and star clusters - Ad hoc hypothesisdark matter in a halo outside
the galaxy. - Universe is 90-99 dark matter
- Soooo-Why is there no dark matter in our solar
system?
80Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes. www.astronomynotes
.com
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82Inertia and Gravity2 Aspects of the Inflow
Process
- Matter is a field of acceleration within
spacegravity. - Matter interacts dynamically with its surrounding
spacethis tethers mass in space so that any
additional acceleration is resisted. - To accelerate matter wrt space, one must apply a
forcecreating opposing accelerations in space
and thereby tension
83Analogy
- Attach suction hose to sphere
- Immerse in body of water
- Harder to accelerate with
- hose on than off
- Analogous to tension created in massless ether by
dynamic interaction of opposing accelerations. - Two sinks?attraction (gravity)
- More sinks?increased attraction
84Gravitational Attraction
Opposing accelerations in spacecausing spatial
tension that pulls the masses together
?Henry Warren
85Density-Dependent Mechanism
To relieve tension, space must flow into the
system from outside. Increased density of
gravitators?excess gravity.
?Henry Warren
86FS and Excess Gravity
- In small flat system space easily flows into the
plane of the system from above and below
alleviating tension?Newtonian multiplication of
sink accelerations - In dense star groupings or among galaxies,
spatial inflow into region from outside is
insufficient to reduce tension
87Spatial Entrainment
- A celestial body creates a uniform radially
symmetrical field of spatial flow in its
surrounding space - As it moves through space, every celestial body
must sweep a large volume of surrounding space
into its own free-fall motionits gravitational
field completely conditions the surrounding
spatial frame - No experiment on Earth can detect motion
88Entrainment
- Space is entrained into the Earths freefall
motion but not spun into rotation - 465m/s E-W ether wind at equator
- Stellar aberration NOT eliminated by entrainment
- CMB Doppler shift NOT eliminated
- Provides the physical mechanism for Machs
principle - GR assumes entrainment (non-physically)
89FS and Galaxial Rotation
- All galaxial stars are entraining space into
their revolutionary motion - Much of the space/ether of the galaxy is rotating
with the starsthe galaxial inertial frame is
rotating. - Stars require higher velocity in rotating frame
to avoid collapse. - Our solar system is flat and less dense?no
rotational frame dragging.
90Spatial flow
- Not an ideal fluid
- has units L3T 1.
has units L3T 2. - represents a volume rate that
changes with timeit decreases as space
approaches Earth. - There is volume loss!
- Is space compressing? Condensing? Disappearing?
Elongating?
Different sink flow velocity
91Predictions
- Unlike GR, predicts that a falling clock will run
fastthe fastest clock falls with the escape
velocity at any r. - Vertical light velocity anisotropy (/- escape
velocity) may be detectable astronomicallyimplied
by black hole - Anomalous motion and clock-slowing effects at the
gravitational saddle point of the Sun and Earth
and at other parts of the boundary between the
solar and terrestrial flows. (Martin)
92FS superior to SR/GR
- Cosmic-Objectivisticvs. observer-subjectivistic
- Much simplerconceptually and mathematically
- No twin paradox?ether velocity?slower clock
- Unites acceleration and velocityboth relative to
the etherno disconnect. - Unifies transverse Doppler redshiftalways caused
by velocity in ether - A physical theoryprovides a foundation for
Cosmology and for theoretical physics Macrocosm
and Microcosm
93Beyond Consciousness to Cosmos Beyond Relativity
and Quantum Theory to Cosmic Theory
- Why We Have No Physical Cosmology, and How to
Start Creating One - Henry Lindner
- www.henrylindner.net