Fixing the Plumbing

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Fixing the Plumbing

• An Assessment of PNW Irrigated Agriculture
  Conservation Resource Potential
• July 1, 2003

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PNW Irrigated Acreage Has Been Increasing
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Sprinkler Systems Dominate Irrigated Acreage in
PNW
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Center Pivot Sprinkler Acreage Has Been
Increasing (Although Not in All States)
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Low Pressure Center Pivot Systems Increased
Between 1993 and 1997
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Electricity Use for Irrigated Agriculture (aMW)
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Irrigation Electricity Use Represented Two-Thirds
of Agricultural Sector Total in 1997
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Electricity Expenses on Irrigated Farms Were 2-3
Times Those on Non-Irrigated Farms in 1997
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Electricity Use/Irrigated Acre Has Been Declining
(At Least We Think So)
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Resource Assessment Methodology - Overview

• Estimate Base Case System Efficiency by State
  and System Type for Sprinkler Systems
• Center Pivot
• High Pressure
• Medium Pressure
• Low Pressure
• Wheel Line
• Hand Line
• Estimate Cost of System Efficiency Improvements
  by System Type
• Estimate Savings from System Efficiency
  Improvements by State and System Type

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Step 1- Estimate Annual Irrigation System Use by
State

• Data Sources
• 1994 1997 Farm and Ranch Irrigation Surveys
  (FRIS)
• Acres irrigated by electric pumping
• Annual electricity cost/irrigated acre
• Annual water use/acre
• 1994 1997 Bonneville Irrigation Sector Sales
  and Revenues
• Approach
• Use FRIS Annual electricity cost by state divided
  by BPA irrigation sales by state to derive
  kWh/Acre kWh/acre-ft/acre

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Step 1- Estimate Annual Irrigation System Use by
State (cont)

• Example Idaho (1997)
• FRIS Estimate of Sprinkler Irrigated Acreage
  Using Electric Pumping 2,166,804 acres
• FRIS Estimate of Water Use 1.7 acre-ft/acre
• BPA Estimate of Idaho Irrigation Sector Sales
  263 aMW
• 263 aMW x 8760000 / 2,166,804 1064 kWh/acre
• 1064 kWh/acre /1.7 acre-ft/acre 626 kWh/acre-ft

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Step 2 - Estimate Annual Energy Consumption of
Typical Field by System Type and State

• Use 1997 Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey to
  Estimate Average
• Pumping Lift (Feet of head pressure)
• Flow Rate (GPM)
• System Pressure (PSI)
• Water Use (Acre-Ft/Acre)
• Adjust System Friction and Field Lift Values
  until energy use Estimated 1997 kWh/acre-ft/year

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Electricity Use for Irrigation Pumping - Example

• \\fs1\power\TE\New Plan\Irrigated
  Agriculture\IrrAgSampleCalc.xls

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Step 3 Estimate Measure Cost

• High Pressure gt Low Pressure Center Pivot
• 4,000/160 acre pivot w/o boom
• 7,000/160 acre pivot w/boom
• Medium Pressure gt Low Pressure Center Pivot
• 3000/160 acre pivot
• Replace pump, nozzles gaskets
• 18,350/160 acre pivot w/deep well
• 15, 350/160 acre pivot w/average well
• Replace nozzles and gaskets
• 8,350 /160 acre pivot
• Convert wheel line to low pressure (alfalfa only)
• 130/acre, plus 3.75/acre OM)
• Convert hand line to low pressure (alfalfa only)
• 30/acre, plus 12/acre OM

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Step 4 Determine Measure Savings Input
Assumptions
Varies by state
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Step 5 Estimate Measure Savings
Note kWh saving vary by state due to
differences in pumping lift
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Irrigated Agriculture Conservation Resource
Potential
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Estimated Cost Effective Technical Potential by
State
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Resource Potential by Measure
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Resource Potential by State and Measure